Calabar South Local Government Area Research Articles

Beliefs and Perception of Stroke among Adult Inhabitants of Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State-Nigeria

Beliefs and Perception of Stroke among Adult Inhabitants of Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State-Nigeria

Risk of Unintentional Ingestion of Harmful Chemicals among Under-five Children in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State

Risk of Unintentional Ingestion of Harmful Chemicals among Under-five Children in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State

Factors Influencing Effective Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations in Community Development in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State.

The study investigated the “factors influencing effective participation of Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Community Development in Calabar South Local Government Area in Cross River State”. Three null hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. Literature review was carried out based on the variables of the study. The research design adopted for the study was ex-post-facto research design. A sample of one hundred and fifty (150) respondents were drawn from a population of three hundred and fifty (350) respondents. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. Independent t-test analysis was employed for data analysis and results tested at .05 level of significance. The result showed that participation of NGOs in poverty reduction, educational activities and HIV/AIDs prevention significantly influenced community development in the study area. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.

Gender as predictor of academic achievement in English among senior secondary school two students in Calabar metropolis, Cross river state

The study examined the influence of gender on academic achievement in English Language among senior secondary school students in Calabar metropolis, Cross River State. The researchers adopted survey designfor the study. The study sample comprise 660 Senior Secondary School two (SSS II) students drawn from 22 public secondary schools, 15 in Calabar Municipality and seven (7) public secondary schools in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, using Stratified Random and Purposive sampling techniques. Data were generated through ‘’English Language Academic Achievement Rating Scale” (ELAARS). A reliability index of 0.75was realized using Cronbach’s alpha. The data generated were analysed using Independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysis showed that gender has no significantly influence on academic performance in English Language among senior secondary school students in Calabar metropolis.KEYWORDS: Gender, predictor, academic achievement, English language.

Headteachers’ managerial behaviour and teachers’ task performance in public primary schools in Calabar-South local government area, Cross river state, Nigeria

This study aimed at Investigating Head teachers’ Managerial Behaviour and Teachers’ Task Performance in Public Primary Schools in Calabar-South L.G.A. of Cross River State. Three (3) hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised all the head teachers and deputy head teachers in the twenty one (21) public primary schools in Calabar-South L.G.A. The twenty one (21) head teachers and twenty one (21) deputy head teachers in the twenty one (21) public primary schools in the area were purposively used as sample for the study. The instruments for data collection were two structured questionnaire; Head teachers’ Managerial Behaviour Questionnaire (HTMBQ) and Teachers’ Task Performance Questionnaire, which were subjected to reliability test using test-retest method and were found reliable at 0.72 and 0.76 r- values. Data collected were analyzed using contingency chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that head teachers’ decision-making strategy and head teachers’ leadership style have significant influence on teachers’ task performance in the sampled schools. And that head teachers’ communication skills significantly relates to teachers’ task performance in the area. Based on this result, it was recommended that head teachers should adopt appropriate managerial behaviour to boost teachers’ morale towards high task performance.

Students’ perception of teachers’ effectiveness and their academic performance in agricultural sciences in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State

This study was designed to find out students’ perception of teachers’ effectiveness and how it affects students’ performance in Agricultural Sciences. The study was carried out in four randomly selected secondary schools in Calabar South Local government Area of Cross River state, Nigeria. The research formulated three hypotheses. A questionnaire and a thirty – item objective test in Agricultural Science were prepared and administered to Senior Secondary two students of selected schools, numbering, 300. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The analysis of data revealed that there is no significant linear relationship between students’ rating of teachers’ effectiveness in teaching methods and students’ academic performance in Agricultural Science. Also, students’ rating of teachers’ effectiveness in knowledge of subject matter and students’ academic performance in Agricultural Science do not significantly relate. There is also no significant relationship between students’ rating of teachers’ attitude to students and students’ academic performance in Agricultural Science. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the teachers should vary their teaching methods to cater for individual differences and needs of the students. It was recommended that teachers should always update their knowledge of subject matter, encourage a threat-free interaction with students, and acquire diverse effective communication and motivational skills.Keywords: Teaching effectiveness, perception, academic performance

The Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths Infections among Primary School Children in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria

The Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths Infections among Primary School Children in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria

Residents’ Perception of Youth Gangsterism and Socioeconomic Life in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria.

Residents’ Perception of Youth Gangsterism and Socioeconomic Life in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Etuk, Grace Reuben; Ihejiamaizu, Grace Chinonye; Obaji, Nyambi Obaji Abstract Nigeria has a large youthful population. However, a large proportion of these youths have remained jobless owing to the high unemployment rate in the country. Unfortunately, for many of these unemployed youths, frustration has become unavoidable. As a result, a number of them cannot help but express their frustrations through antisocial means like participating in gang activities and lifestyles. In Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, gangs and gang activities are among major social vices residents have to put up with on a day-to-day basis. This study investigates this gang situation in Calabar South, seeking to find out residents’ perception of the effects of these gangs and their activities on socioeconomic life in the area. Guided by the survey type of research design, a total of 356 respondents were selected for the study using accidental sampling. Data were obtained from subjects via the use of a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Based on the responses supplied by subjects, three hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square, to determine the effect of gangs and their activities on three aspects of socioeconomic life in Calabar South. Results revealed that gangsterism is a significant factor to three aspects of socioeconomic life in the area namely: school dropout, loss of lives and property and the level of preference of the area for residential and business purposes. However, of the three aspects of socioeconomic life examined, it emerged that gang influence on the extent of preference of Calabar South for residential and business purposes came out the strongest, having the highest Chi-square Test value. The study recommends among other things the need for government to intensify its fight against gangs, cultism and similar vices, as well as step up its job creation efforts, so as to get jobless youths off the streets and gainfully employed Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jsspi.v4n1a2

The Influence of Parents’ Educational Status on Students’ Tendency to Cheat in Examination in Calabar South Local Government of Cross River State, Nigeria

The influence of parents’ educational status on students’ tendency to cheat in examination was investigated in Secondary Schools in Calabar South Local Government. The objective was to determine whether parents’ educational qualification and current enrolment in higher institutions influence students’ tendency to cheat in examinations. A sample of 206 Secondary School students from 8 secondary schools in Calabar South Local Government area was randomly selected for the study using causal comparative design, with questionnaire to collect data from the students. Results show that there is a significant influence of mother’s educational qualification on students’ tendency to cheat in examination, with students whose mothers are holders of only First School Leaving Certificate having the highest tendency to cheat. There was also significant influence of parents’ current enrollment in school on students’ tendency to cheat. Students whose parents were currently pursuing higher education tended to cheat more than those students whose parents were not currently enrolled in school. It is recommended that women should not marry until they have at least Senior Secondary School Certificate which will equip them to properly assist their children to prepare adequately for examination. Parents should devote more time and resources to their children studies in order to curb to the menace of examination malpractice in the country.

Factors Influencing the Use of Organic Manure by Female Vegetable Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study investigated the factors influencing the use of poultry droppings by female farmers in Anantiga vegetable site, Calabar-South Local Government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling technique was used to select sixty female vegetable farmers for the study. Primary data were gathered through the use of a structured questionnaire and an oral interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and Likert scale rating techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed that, about 75%, being the majority of the farmers were educated, 68.33% rented the farm land used for cultivation of vegetable, 95% of the farmers have never been visited by extension agent, and 88.33% of the farmers were low income farmers, earning between ₦1,000 and ₦14,999 monthly. The following factors: farmers not being aware of the potentials of using organic manure, inadequate access to organic manure materials, low output price of

Perception of Students’ Teachers’ and Parents’ towards Sexuality Education in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria.

<p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong><strong> </strong><em>This study was aimed at assessing the perception of students, teachers and perception in Calabar south local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. A cross sectional survey was employed and a structured questionnaire was used to generate both qualitative and quantitative data from 850 respondents using the multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Most students were within the age bracket of 13-18 476 (95.2%), teachers were mostly within 25-29 years 54 (27.0%) and parents were mostly 40-44 years of age 22 (22.0%). Most study participants shared similar opinion that sex education should cover areas such as abstinence, HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, basis of reproduction etc. Masturbation, abortion and contraceptives were unanimously agreed not to be included in sex education content. A substantial proportion of the respondents agreed that abstinence-plus should be the main message of sex education in schools.</em><em> Training for both parents and teachers should be provided by government and NGOs for accessibility of appropriate resources to develop capacity and confidence to deliver effective sexuality education to school adolescent. Policy makers need to formulate a definite, explicit, and workable sexuality education policy.</em></p>

Revisiting a student-oriented curriculum in the Nigerian secondary school system

The increasing gap between what students learn and what they remember has agitated the minds of educators in recent times. The apparent gap is that teaching tends to be more theoretical than practical. For instance an apparent absence of relevant instructional materials, skilled vocational education personnel and the current lack of awareness on the part of policy makers on the advantages of pragmatic education, constitute current obstacles to the actualisation of pragmatic student-oriented secondary school education curriculum in Nigeria. However, this paper therefore, describes methods by which secondary school education can be made more functional through the introduction of more practical learning schemes which shall ultimately equip graduates with revenue generating and life skills. Fifty teachers and 150 students were randomly selected for the study from formal and non-formal secondary schools in Calabar Metropolis and Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State of Nigeria. Ex-post facto design was adopted. A 16 item questionnaire constructed on a modified four-point Likert-type scale was used for data collection. The data was analysed using simple percentages, independent t-test and a One-way analysis of variance. The findings revealed that, the schools lack adequate instructional materials and adequately trained vocational education teachers. Based on this, it was recommended among others, that a student-oriented curriculum be implemented in line with the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Education For All (EFA) and Universal Basic Education (UBE). Also more practical skills-oriented education and vocational education teachers should be employed to train the students on the development of functional literacy skills.

A Policy Analysis of the Primary Health Care Delivery Programme in Calabar South Local Government Area

The study investigated primary healthcare delivery programme in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two hypotheses were tested in the study using One-sample T-test. Sample size of 90 primary healthcare facilities users was used for the purpose of the study (30 in each of three primary healthcare facilities in Calabar South). Simple random sampling was used for the purpose of the study. The results showed that the Primary Health Care programme has significantly affected health-care delivery in Calabar South Local Government Area, and that the Primary Health Care programme has significantly altered the perception of the policy target groups over health care practices in Calabar South Local Government Area. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made.

The Occurrence and Speciation of Hookworms Among Residents Of An Urban Community In Calabar South Local Government Area Of Cross River State, Nigeria.

The Occurrence and Speciation of Hookworms Among Residents Of An Urban Community In Calabar South Local Government Area Of Cross River State, Nigeria.

The Effect of Cognitive and Behaviour Therapies on Prison and Post-Prison Inmates’ Psychological Adjustment, In Afokang Prison, Cross River State, Nigeria

This study was an experimental (pre-test, post-test) groups design, and analysed to determine the effects of cognitive and behavioural therapies on the psychological adjustment of prison inmates, using the Afokang prison in Calabar South local government area of Cross Rivere State as the study area. Three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, while a total of 120 inmates (109 males and 11 females) were randomly selected from the present stock of Afokang prisoners numbering 1017 (1006 males and 11 females) in the study area. Before treatment, the inmates were randomized into 3 groups (40 each for cognitive, behavioural and the control group - 36 males and 4 females for groups 1 and 2, 36 males and 4 females for the control group). After treatment which lasted for 8 weeks, all the 3 groups were again subjected to post-test and the result compiled for data analysis. Data was analysed using the independent t-test analysis procedures. The result revealed that: there is significant difference between prison inmates treated with cognitive therapy and others who are not treated at all in their psychological adjustment; there is significant difference between inmates treated with behavioural therapy and those not treated at all in their psychological adjustment; prison inmates treated with cognitive therapy do not differ significantly from their counterparts treated with behavioural therapy in their psychological adjustment. It was discovered that inmates subjected to any form of therapy differ significantly from those who did not pass through any form of therapy in their psychological adjustment. It was concluded that behavioural and cognitive therapies significantly influence prison inmates positively in their psychological adjustment (particularly after imprisonment). It was recommended among others that prison inmates should be subjected to cognitive and behavioural therapies in other for them to

English

An investigation on the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli strains in both treated and untreated rural water supplies was carried out in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Analysis revealed significant differences between the different water sources, locations and the months of sampling, with the stream and well water showing higher bacterial contamination compared to the tap water source (P<0.05). The isolation of S. aureus, Bacillus species,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other  bacterial pathogens present enough evidence that water from these sources are unfit for human consumption and constitute significant public health implications except subjected to further treatment. High percentages of the E. colistrains isolated from the water sources showed multiple resistances to most of the antibiotics commonly used by humans. Strains recovered from the stream and well water sources were most resistant and showed significantly higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (P < 0.05) than those from the tap water source. The results of this investigation therefore revealed that the bacteriological quality of both the treated tap and untreated well and stream water sources failed to meet the standards for drinking water.   Key words: Incidence, Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms, Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance, water supplies.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Status of Boreholes in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Although, many heavy metals are necessary in small amounts for the normal development of the biological cycles, most of them become toxic at high concentrations. The major sources of heavy metal pollution in urban areas of Nigeria are anthropogenic, while contamination from natural sources predominates in the rural areas. The study examined heavy metal status of boreholes in Calabar South, Cross River of Nigeria. Four functional boreholes in the area were sampled. Result showed that the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) were within WHO maximum permissible limit with mean values of 0.065ml-1g, 0.015mgl-1 and 0.002mgl-1 respectively. The proportion of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in the sampled boreholes was zero, indicating the absence of these metals in the sampled boreholes. The absolutely low levels of heavy metal contents across the sampled boreholes showed they were not polluted and as such suitable for human consumption. The low content also revealed that boreholes in the area were located far away from dumpsites; soak away pits, automobile shops and other forms of heavy metal contaminants. In order to maintain quality status of boreholes in the area, routine monitoring and assessment of boreholes mostly the indiscriminate sinking of boreholes in the area by sanitary inspection officers was suggested.Keywords: Heavy Metal, Borehole Water, Functional Boreholes, Proportion, Quality Status

Influence of home-based care on the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in Cross River State, Nigeria

HIV/AIDS is a chronic progressive disease which threatens the quality of life of the infected and affected. Home based care is seen as one of the strategies to enhance the quality of life of PLWHA. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between home-based care and quality of life of PLWHA in support groups in Calabar South Local Government Area. A correlational design was utilized and a purposive sample of 74 PLWHA participated in the study. A self developed and well validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze socio-demographic characteristics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test hypotheses. The result obtained showed that most of the respondents 31 (41.89%) were between the ages of 20-30, followed by those below the age of 20 which had 22 (29.73%) respondents. Majority of the participants were females 50(67.57%). Regarding education, majority of the respondents 31(41.89%) had attended secondary school while 20 (27.03%) had no formal education. Furthermore, the results showed a significant positive relationship between home-based psychosocial care and psychosocial quality of life of PLWHA (r cal =.40; r crit =.302; df =72; p<0.01) and home-based nursing care and physical quality of life of PLWHA (r cal =.47; r crit =.302; df 72; p<0.01). It was therefore concluded that home- based care could promote the psychosocial and physical quality of life of PLWHA. The recommendation was that home based care should be encouraged and given priority by stake holders in the management of PLWHA.

Distribution of Heavy Metals in Bones, Gills, Livers and Muscles of (Tilapia) Oreochromis niloticus from Henshaw Town Beach Market in Calabar Nigeria

Two sets of samples of commercially important fish species Oreochromis niloticus of size 29 cm and 20 cm respectively were purchased from the Henshaw town beach market in Calabar, Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria in October 2007. The concentrations of five heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg) in their bones, gills, livers and muscles were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The result showed the heavy metal concentrations in the 29 cm size samples to be Pb (0.069 ppm) Cd (0.019 ppm) and Zn (0.103 ppm) in the bones. Pb (0.173 ppm) Cd (0.049 ppm) and Zn (0.257 ppm) in the livers. Pb (0.053 ppm) Cd (0.015 ppm) Zn (0.079 ppm) in the muscles Pb (0.133 ppm), Cd (0.038 ppm) and Zn (0.198 ppm) in gills. While the 20 cm size samples had Pb (0.067 ppm) Cd (0.019 ppm) and Zn (0.100 ppm) in bones. Pb (0.067 ppm) Cd (0.019 ppm) and Zn (0.099 ppm) in livers. Pb (0.062 ppm) Cd (0.017 ppm) and Zn (0.095 ppm) in muscles and Pb (0.153 ppm) Cd (0.044 ppm) and Zn (0.227 ppm) in gills. Arsenic and mercury were not detected in any of the samples. The result revealed the distribution of the heavy metal in both 29 cm and 20 cm size samples to follow the order Zn> Pb> Cd while the distribution of the heavy metals in the investigated parts (organs) is shown to follow the order livers > gills > bones > muscles for the 29 cm size samples. And Gills > Livers = bones > muscles in the 20 cm size samples. The result also revealed that the 29 cm size samples had higher concentrations of the heavy metals than the 20 cm size samples. The result also showed that the muscle of Tilapia is safer to consumed than the other parts investigated as it has been shown to contain the least concentrations of the heavy metals determined. This reveals the adverse health effect the people in the study area could be exposed to by the consumption of liver, gills and bones of Tilapia which have high levels of these heavy metals.

Evaluation of Concentration of Some Groundwater Parameters around a Major Refuse Dumpsite in Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria

This study evaluated concentration, possible sources and relationship of groundwater parameters in a major dumpsite in Anantigha Headquarters of Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria by collecting samples of borehole water within and around the dumpsite using sterilised containers. Standard methods were used for the analysis. Results obtained show that the mean and standard deviation of the parameters were temperature (26.00±0.10) 0C; pH (3.80±0.36); EC (187.33±41.00) µS/cm; TDS (95.67±20.03) mg/l; NH4 (0.13±0.03) mg/l; Total hardness (19.83±2.56) mg/l; TCC (50.47±31.88) cfu/100ml; FCC (41.00±25.94) cfu/100ml; Fe (0.15±0.03); Zn (0.05±0.03) mg/l and Pb (0.02±0.01) mg/l. The concentration of the various parameters was compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Sanitation Development Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard.  Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to examine the relationship and possible sources among the parameters. The findings of the study revealed that electrical conductivity EC, TDS, NH4, total  hardness, Fe, Zn and Pb in borehole BH2 were within the acceptable limit while Pb concentration of borehole BH1 and BH3, temperature, pH, TCC and FCC were above the permissible limit of WHO/NSDWQ. It is recommended that boreholes should be drilled far away from dumpsites to avoid contamination which poses health risks to man.