Birdcage Research Articles

Gender and Racial Discrimination in Maya Angelou’s Caged Bird: A Lament on Slavery

The word “discrimination” is derived from the Latin word discriminate- meaning “to separate, to distinguish, to make a distinction.” In American English usage, discrimination often refers to prejudicial treatment of persons. Black feminism emerged as a challenge to the assumptions made by these white feminists regarding their prerogative to speak for all women in general. Black feminism insists that sexism and racism are imbricated in each other, the oppression of women cannot be understood and addressed without reference to racism. According to Claudia Jones, a Trinidad – born activist, “In the film, radio and press, the Negro woman is a not pictured in her real role as a bread winner, mother and protector of the family, but as a traditional ‘mammy’ who puts the care of children and families of others above her own. This traditional stereotype of the Negro slave mother, which to this day appears in commercial advertisements must be combated and rejected as a device of imperialist to perpetuate that white chaunvist ideology that Negro women are ‘backward and inferior.’ Now a days, there are so many poems which is written by using discrimination and segregation as the subject because of the condition which appears in the society. Besides, there are some women poets who write poems by using feminism touches. For example, the image of woman in the society, the position of women among the men, and the discriminations which occur in the women’s life.

Rancang Sangkar Burung Pintar Berbasis IoT

Raising birds for hobby and breeding is currently trending in the community. With the general business of the public, a common challenge faced by bird enthusiasts is the process of caring for birds, especially providing timely and accurate feeding and watering. To address this issue, research has been conducted to create a smart bird cage. The smart bird cage is designed to automatically provide food and water with remote control via mobile internet. This research applies modules such as ESP8266-01, servo motor, Relay 2 module, water level sensor, mini water pump, ultrasonic sensor, and the Blynk application that can be integrated as a control service using IoT. The result of this research is the specification of the cage for providing food and water that can be controlled automatically with specific measurements so that the feeding and watering patterns can be more organized.

Why the caged bird sings: Rethinking the Anthropocene with Gallus gallus

Previous research argues Gallus gallus (chickens) makes a strong candidate for a chrono-stratigraphic signal of the Anthropocene, but the history of how G. gallus came to mark the Anthropocene remains to be told. At the macro-level, G. gallus tells a story of slavery, sexism, scientific progress, settler colonialism, nation building, socialist welfare programs, capitalist expansionism, and plantation agriculture. At the micro-level, G. gallus tells a story of the suffering of crippling growth rates and confinement as well as the agency of metabolic labor; goal-directed behavior of hunger, thirst and survival; and resistance in the form of efforts at escape and violence of feather pecking. This paper tells a history that recognizes the sensorial worlds and intentionality of G. gallus, and demonstrates how G. gallus is one instantiation of an assemblage of species that were co-opted into a system that partially overlaps with and simultaneously sustains and threatens the technosphere.

I know why the caged bird sings: Distress tolerant individuals show greater resting state connectivity between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and right amygdala as a function of higher vagal tone

BackgroundIntolerance to psychological distress is associated with various forms of psychopathology, ranging from addiction to mood disturbance. The capacity to withstand aversive affective states is often explained by individual differences in cardiovagal tone as well as resting state connectivity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a region involved in the regulation of emotions and cardio-autonomic tone. However, it is unclear which brain regions involved in distress tolerance show greater resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) as a function of resting heart rate variability (HRV). MethodsOne-hundred and twenty-six adults, aged 20 to 83.5 years, were selected from a lifespan cohort at the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample. Participants' distress tolerance levels were assessed based upon performance on the Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress (BIRD) task. Artifact-free resting-state functional brain scans collected during separate sessions were used. While inside the scanner, a pulse oximeter was used to record beat-to-beat intervals to derive high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV). The relationship between HF-HRV and vmPFC to whole brain functional connectivity was compared between distress tolerant (BIRD completers) and distress intolerant (BIRD non-completers). ResultsGroups did not differ in their history of psychiatric diagnosis. Higher resting HF-HRV was associated with longer total time spent on the BIRD task for the entire sample (r = 0.255, p = 0.004). After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, head motion, and gray matter volume. Distress tolerant individuals showed greater rsFC (p < 0.005 (uncorrected), k = 20) between the vmPFC and default-mode network (DMN) hubs including posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, medial temporal lobes, and the parahippocampal cortex. As a function of higher resting HF-HRV greater vmPFC connectivity was observed with sub-threshold regions in the right amygdala and left anterior prefrontal cortex, with the former passing small volume correction, in distress tolerant versus distress intolerant individuals. ConclusionIn a lifespan sample of community-dwelling adults, distress tolerant individuals showed greater vmPFC connectivity with anterior and posterior hubs of the DMN compared to distress intolerant individuals. As a function of greater HF-HRV, distress tolerant individuals evidenced greater vmPFC with salience and executive control network hubs. These findings are consistent with deficits in neural resource allocation within a triple network resting amongst persons exhibiting behavioral intolerance to psychological distress.

Spraying with Local Anemone Flower Extract and Isoflurane and its Effect on Serum Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Transferred During Different Seasons

The effects of anemone flower extract and isoflurane on broiler chickens transported in different seasons were discovered. Different densities of broiler chickens in transport cages were used in the field experiment in February, March, July and August. As it was divided, Ross 308 birds received 10 treatments per transfer and three replicates per treatment. The following is T1 control without spraying and 10 birds in the cage. Control of T2 without spraying and 12 birds in the cage. T3 Spraying 10 caged birds with a 2% extract of local anemone flowers. T4 Spray the birds with the extract at 4% and 10 birds per cage. T5 Spraying 10 caged birds with 6% extract. T6 Use 2% extract to spray the birds. Birds number 12 in the cage. T7 Use 4% extract to spray the birds. Birds number 12 in the cage. T8 spraying the birds with the extract at 6% and 12 birds in the cage. T9 sprays birds with isoflurane at 6%, 10 per cage. T10 Applying 6% isoflurane to birds. ALT liver enzymes dropped significantly. T9, T10, and T5 recorded international units of 12.01, 12.06, and 12.17, respectively, compared to T1 and T2, which recorded 12.92 and 12.96.

SNP-based high-resolution typing of Chlamydia psittaci from humans and wild birds in Sweden: circulation of the Mat116 genotype reveals the transmission mode to humans

The incidence of Chlamydia psittaci respiratory tract infections in humans has increased in Sweden in recent years. This study aimed to identify the transmission route by genotyping C. psittaci from infected humans and birds.42 human C. psittaci samples and 5 samples from C. psittaci-infected birds were collected. Genotyping was performed using ompA sequencing, Multi-locus sequence typing, and/or SNP-based high-resolution melting-PCR. Epidemiological data was also collected, and a phylogenetic analysis was conducted.Analysis of ompA provided limited resolution, while the SNP-based PCR analysis successfully detected the Mat116 genotype in 3/5 passerine birds and in 26/29 human cases, indicating a high prevalence of this genotype in the human population. These cases were associated with contact with wild birds, mainly through bird feeding during winter or other outdoor exposure. Human cases caused by other genotypes (psittacine and pigeon) were less common and were linked to exposure to caged birds or pigeons.The SNP-genotype Mat116 is rare, but predominated in this study. The use of SNP-based PCR provided a better understanding of the C. psittaci transmission from birds to humans compared to ompA analysis. In Sweden, human psittacosis appears mainly to be transmitted from garden birds during bird feeding in the winter season.

Canary in a Coal Mine: From Mine Safety Technique to Animal Metaphor (Animals Special Issue)

ABSTRACT In the early twentieth-century coal miners used canaries to detect the presence of poisonous gases underground. Miners treasured canaries for their cheer, partnership, and assistance. This safety practice had largely ended in the United States by the middle of the twentieth century, but the phrase ‘canary in a coal mine’ took on an extended life as a metaphor, signaling impending disaster in a variety of situations. The metaphor’s malleability encouraged the inclusion of caged birds as a plot device. Horror and science fiction films like The Birds, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Arrival, and Bird Box use birds to signal invisible, hard-to-explain risks. The coal mine canary therefore became a sentinel for the most troubling social and political anxieties of each era. It signaled people’s worries that they could no longer identify and manage dangers in the modern world, whether those had to do with warfare, the environment, federal surveillance, social media, or epidemics. The birds’ use as a warning symbol, though, took miners’ beloved, sentient animal and turned it instead into a simple, but powerful tool. The coal mine canary’s continued prescence in popular culture also suggests that Americans remain concerned about the viability of new technologies in a rapidly changing world.

Study on RF Heating of Implants in Different Conductivity Medium

In MRI examination, RF heating of implants will affect the safety of implant wearers. The conductivity of various tissues in the human body is significantly different, and the medium conductivity will affect the distribution of the RF electric field. Therefore, it is necessary to study the RF heating of different medium conductivity. Based on the analysis of the principle of MRI RF heating, this study build the model of the bird cage coil, ASTM standard phantom and lead, and the conductivity of several typical human tissues is selected as the conductivity in the experiment. Then calculate the power deposition of the lead at 64 MHz. The results show that the medium conductivity has no effect on the distribution of electric field and power deposition, and the hot spot distribution remains unchanged under different conductivity; The smaller the conductivity is, the larger the power deposition of the lead is, and the greater the temperature rise of the lead caused by RF heating is; The change of conductivity and power deposition is approximately linear. At the limit of 2 W/kg whole body specific absorption rate(SAR), the conductivity decreases, and the wire power deposition increases sharply.

"We Don't Want a Bird Cage, We Want Guardrails": Understanding &amp; Designing for Preventing Interpersonal Harm in Social VR through the Lens of Consent

As social Virtual Reality (VR) grows in prevalence, new possibilities for embodied and immersive social interaction emerge, including varied forms of interpersonal harm. Yet, challenges remain regarding defining, identifying, and mitigating said harm in social VR. In this paper, we take an alternative approach to understanding and designing solutions for interpersonal harm in social VR through the lens of consent, which circumvents the lack of consensus and social norms on what should be defined as harm in social VR and reflects the embodied, immersive, and offline-world-like nature of harm in social VR. Through interviews with 39 social VR users, we offer one of the first empirical explorations on how social VR users understand consent as "boundaries," (re)purpose existing social VR features for practicing consent as "boundary setting," and envision the design of future consent mechanics in social VR to balance protection and interaction expectations to mitigate interpersonal harm as "boundary violations" in social VR. This work makes significant contributions to CSCW and HCI research by (1) uncovering how social VR users craft novel conceptualizations of consent as boundaries and harm as unwanted boundary violations, and (2) providing three foundational principles for designing future consent mechanics in social VR informed by actual social VR users.

A systematic survey of the online trade in elephant ivory in Singapore before and after a domestic trade ban

AbstractThe illegal online trade in wildlife has increased significantly over the last 2 decades. Applying a systematic survey approach, we examined the online trade in elephant ivory before and after the implementation of a domestic trade ban in Singapore, to understand the forms of elephant ivory offered for sale, the e-commerce sites used and the effect of the domestic trade ban. Using elephant ivory and lookalikes in form, shape and colour as proxies for elephant ivory, we found that most of the online listings consisted of bird cages and related accessories such as bird feeding cups and ornaments used to adorn them. After the domestic trade ban in elephant ivory was implemented on 1 September 2021, a 76% drop in total listings was observed. Causal impact analysis indicated a strong causal effect of the domestic trade ban, resulting in an 83% drop in the mean number of new listings found weekly relative to the predicted counterfactual market response based on a Bayesian structural time-series model in the absence of the ban. E-commerce sites play an important role in combatting illegal wildlife trade online by removing flagged listings and sending notifications to raise awareness of the ban. We found textual descriptions of products to be more effective for preliminary differentiation of legal and potentially illegal listings compared to the detection of Schreger lines in images, although this remains a significant challenge for law enforcement. Our findings can inform future efforts to develop automated detection methods for elephant ivory in online markets.

The Role of Digital Transformation on Marketing Performance of Bird Cages in Ajibarang with Digital Marketing as a Mediation Variable

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in increasing innovation and creativity so that they can improve economy. MSMEs can increase the community's economy by providing employment, and producing products or services needed by the community. More than 300 MSME bird cage craftsmen in the Ajibarang, who are recorded or who have not been recorded, are able to absorb labor so that they can reduce the unemployment rate. In its journey, MSMEs bird cage craftsmen in Ajibarang facing many problems, one of which was not maximizing technology in marketing. They are still using a personal selling strategy. This study aims to examine the effect of digital marketing on marketing performance. This study also eximing digital transformation is able to mediate digital marketing and marketing performance. The sample used in this study was 97 respondents with a purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of research conducted using Smart PLS, it shows that digital transformation has a positive effect on digital marketing and marketing performance. Digital marketing is able to mediate digital transformation variable and marketing performance variable. The digital transformation in Ajibarang bird cage craftsmen MSMEs, will increase their digital business marketing capabilities and will increasing marketing performance. Increasing digital transformation of the Ajibarang bird cage craftsmen MSMEs will lead to increased productivity, innovation, and creativity of MSME in facing business competition. The implication of this research is that the results of the research are able to become the resources for MSME Ajibarang bird cages in determining the right strategy to improve their marketing performance.

The Role of Digital Transformation on Marketing Performance of Bird Cages in Ajibarang with Digital Marketing as a Mediation Variable

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in increasing innovation and creativity so that they can improve economy. MSMEs can increase the community's economy by providing employment, and producing products or services needed by the community. More than 300 MSME bird cage craftsmen in the Ajibarang, who are recorded or who have not been recorded, are able to absorb labor so that they can reduce the unemployment rate. In its journey, MSMEs bird cage craftsmen in Ajibarang facing many problems, one of which was not maximizing technology in marketing. They are still using a personal selling strategy. This study aims to examine the effect of digital marketing on marketing performance. This study also eximing digital transformation is able to mediate digital marketing and marketing performance. The sample used in this study was 97 respondents with a purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of research conducted using Smart PLS, it shows that digital transformation has a positive effect on digital marketing and marketing performance. Digital marketing is able to mediate digital transformation variable and marketing performance variable. The digital transformation in Ajibarang bird cage craftsmen MSMEs, will increase their digital business marketing capabilities and will increasing marketing performance. Increasing digital transformation of the Ajibarang bird cage craftsmen MSMEs will lead to increased productivity, innovation, and creativity of MSME in facing business competition. The implication of this research is that the results of the research are able to become the resources for MSME Ajibarang bird cages in determining the right strategy to improve their marketing performance.

Investigation of ectoparasites in budgerigar and canaries in Burdur city of Turkey

Ectoparasite infestations are of the most important and neglected diseases of birds. Ectoparasites cause sirious harmful effects such as; irritation, feathers and skin damage, restlessness, anemia, weight loss, transmission of other pathogens, reducing overall fitness and decreasing long term survival depending on the intensity of the infestation. The main objective of this study was to investigate the ectoparasites of budgerigars and canaries in Burdur city of Turkey. The material of the study was consisted of randomly selected 555 budgies in 192 cages and 121 canaries in 49 cages belongs to 12 different breeders in center district of Burdur city, Turkey. The feathers of head, neck, abdomen, legs, tail, beak, under the wings, around the cloaca and feet of all birds, in addition cages and cage equipments have been examined in terms of ectoparasites. As a result; no ectoparasite species were found on/between feathers and other body parts of overall 676 cage birds, however, a large number of Dermanyssus gallinae were found in cages and cage equipments. Dermanyssus gallinae have been detected in rates of 28.65% and 28.57% in budgerigar and canary cages, respectively. The present study is the first investigation study of ectoparasites of budgerigar and canaries in Turkey and rarely in the world. In addition, within this study D. gallinae infestation is being reported for the first time from budgerigar and canaries from Turkey.

Stopovers Serve Physiological Recovery in Migratory Songbirds.

AbstractMigrating birds perform extreme endurance exercise when flying. This shifts the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defense system toward the former, potentially generating oxidative damages. In between migratory flights, birds make stopovers, where besides accumulating fuel (mainly fats), they are assumed to rest and recover from the strenuous flight. We performed a series of studies on both temporarily caged (northern wheatears) and free-flying (northern wheatears and European robins) migrants to investigate whether migrants recover during stopover by decreasing the amount of oxidative lipid damage (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and/or increasing the total nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (AOX). In caged wheatears, MDA decreased within a single day. These birds were able to simultaneously accumulate considerable amounts of fuel. Also, in the free-flying wheatears, there was a decrease in MDA during stopover; however, this process seemed incompatible with refueling. The reason for this difference could relate to constraints in the wild that are absent in caged birds, such as food limitation/composition and locomotor activity. In the robins, there was a near significant decrease in MDA concentration in relation to how long the birds were already at stopover, suggesting that this species also physiologically recovers during stopover. AOX did not change during stopover in either of the wheatear studies. For the robins, however, uric acid-corrected AOX declined during stopover. Our results show that during stopover, migrating birds rapidly reduce oxidative lipid damage, thereby likely recovering their physiological state. In addition to the commonly accepted function of refueling, stopovers thus probably serve physiological recovery.

Pelatihan Tata Kelola Manajemen dan Digital Marketing bagi Kelompok Pengrajin Budi Sangkar

Purpose: The purpose of this service aims to increase sales of bird cages to the Budi Sangka craftsman group. The Budi Sangkar craftsmen group is a group of bird cage craftsmen who are located in Banjarsari Village, Ajibarang, Banyumas. This service is carried out by accompanying and training the Budi Sangkar craftsman group in terms of management, digital marketing, and advertising/promotion style to increase the sales of the craftsmen group during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This service uses a methodology that is divided into 3 steps:1) team coordination with partners, 2) training and mentoring, and 3) monitoring and evaluation. Result: The result of the services show that partner’s sales and profit increased by doing: 1) counseling on management, 2) training on making marketing plans, 3) training on managing good human resources so that motivation and performance increase, 4) training and digital marketing assistance through social media and e-commerce, 5) training on promotional diction or language style in marketing/advertising/promotion that is appropriate and appropriate for HR to improve speaking and writing skills in promoting their craft, 6) training and assistance in managing social media, 7) training and assistance in making promotional flyers so that improve the company's brand image. Limitation: The limitation of this service has not been carried out continuously and requires continuity of mentoring activity. Contribution: The contribution is increasing the partner’s sales and profits.

Application of digital marketing in the efforts to develop MSMEsin Baleangung Village, Grabag District, Magelang Regency

Baleagung Village is one of the villages in Grabag District, Magelang Regency which has several MSMEs such as Cilok Baraya, Griya Sangkrip bird cages and FEED Concentrate. However, MSME actors still depend only on direct marketing (face to face), even thoughthe era is increasingly digital. This is due to the lack of knowledge and doubts by MSME actors about existing technology to help their marketing. Seeing this, the purpose of this community service activity is to provide MSME actors with the knowledge and courage to be able to apply digital marketing in their marketing so that they can help expand their reach. The method used is digital marketing outreach and training, creating digital marketing platforms, mentoring activities, to monitoring and evaluation. The results ofthis activity are increased knowledge, a desire to progress, and the ability of MSME actors to carry out marketing so that in the end the resulting products can be recognized by a wider audience and have a greater opportunity to develop existing markets

Representation of White and Black in Maya's I know why the Caged Bird Sings and Lorde's Power: A Comparative Analysis

This study explains the violence, racism, and suffering of black people in Maya's poem I know why the Caged Bird Sings and Lorde's Power. And this research also explores racial injustice, prejudice, discrimination, and Power throughout the poems. Maya Angelou and Audre Lorde are Afro-American poets and writers. The authors sadly explain the suffering and discrimination they faced in the white community. I Know Why Cage Bird Sings and Power are Based on Racism, violence, injustice, and Discrimination. In the power poem, there is a white police officer named Thomas Shea who murdered a black boy named Clifford Glover, who was killed in 1973. The colonizer beats him very badly. In the caged Bird, there was also a white man who treated Maya Angelou badly and raped her only because of her black skin. Subaltern will be the theoretical framework of this research that shows give voice to voiceless people.

Quail Rearing Practices and Potential for Avian Influenza Virus Transmission, Bangladesh.

In 2015, human influenza surveillance identified a human infection with A/H9N2 in Dhaka, Bangladesh with evidence of exposure to a sick quail. We conducted in-depth interviews with household quail caregivers, pet bird retail shop owners, and mobile vendors, key informant interviews with pet bird wholesale shop owners, one group discussion with pet bird retail shop workers and unstructured observations in households, pet bird wholesale and retail markets, and mobile bird vendor's travelling areas to explore quail rearing and selling practices among households, mobile vendors, and retail pet bird and wholesale bird markets in Dhaka. Every day, quail were supplied from 23 districts to two wholesale markets, and then sold to households and restaurants directly, or through bird shops and mobile vendors. All respondents (67) reported keeping quail with other birds in cages, feeding quail, cleaning feeding pots, removing quail faeces, slaughtering sick quail, and discarding dead quail. Children played with quail and assisted in slaughtering of quail. Most respondents (94%) reported rinsing hands with water only after slaughtering and disposing of wastes and dead quail. No personal protective equipment was used during any activities. Frequent unprotected contact with quail and their by-products potentially increased the risk of cross-species avian influenza virus transmission. Avian influenza surveillance in retail pet bird and wholesale bird markets, mobile vendors, and households may identify cases promptly and reduce the risk of virus transmission.

PENGUATAN LEMBAGA ADAT “KEWANG” DALAM KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI DESA HARUKU

Kewang is one of the Customary Institutions whose function is to regulate the use and protection of natural resources both on land and at sea. The role of the Kewang Customary Institution in Haruku is maximally related to the function of supervision/controlling of community activities convert the mangrove forest ecosystem which is the lompa fish habitat. In addition to the activities of the people who hunt and take eggs from scorched birds freely. The goals to be achieved from Community Service activities carried out in Haruku country are 1. Rehabilitation of mangrove forest ecosystems as lompa fish (Trisina baelama) habitat, 2. Improving partners' abilities and skills in carrying out mangrove cultivation techniques, 3. Increasing partner supervision on the presence/population of gosling birds. The method used to transfer science and technology is 1). Preparation, 2). The implementation stage consists of: counseling and training, procuring mangrove seeds/saplings and making nurseries, planting, making scorched bird breeding cages, carrying out maintenance of mangrove plants that have been planted in the field and at the nursery location. The results achieved in this activity were making nurseries and planting 1000 mangrove saplings, building 2 bird brooding cages, cleaning the beach, counseling on mangrove cultivation and nursery techniques, the Role of Indigenous Institutions in the Management of Natural Resources, Breeding of rare fauna.

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasites in an Ornithological Garden.

Captive birds in collections may be infested with a wide range of parasites. Globally, information on parasitic infections and their health implications in ornithological collections are scarce. In the present study, the prevalence of parasitic infections in an ornithological garden in Tehran was investigated. Samples (n = 109) from various bird species were collected. Direct wet smear, sedimentation, flotation with Sheather's sugar, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen and Giemsa staining were used for parasite screening. Parasites were identified in 57 (52.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.9-61.7) samples, with protozoans being the most frequently observed organisms, including Cryptosporidium species, Eimeria species, Isospora species, Trichomonas species, and Histomonas species. Helminths were observed in 29 (26.6%, 95% CI 18.3-34.9) of the samples and included strongyles, Capillaria species, and Raillietina species. Ectoparasites were rarely recovered, but 2 species were identified: the poultry shaft louse (Menopon gallinae) and the fowl tick (Argas persicus). Free-ranging birds were significantly (P < 0.001) more likely to have parasites in their feces than caged birds. Fecal parasitic infections were order dependent and more prevalent in the Anseriformes and Galliformes (P < 0.05). The frequency of gastrointestinal parasites was notable in the investigated collection. In open natural bird gardens, such as in the present study, the probable transmission routes and sources of the parasitic infections are most likely via the free-ranging avian species. It is wise to recommend regular screening of the birds in these gardens to improve preventive control measures. Additionally, parasite genotyping should be considered to clarify our understanding of the epidemiology of zoonotic and nonzoonotic parasites.