Our objective is to identify risk factors associated with bladder injury during cesarean section, and to determine the frequency of morbid conditions associated with experiencing such an injury. Data obtained from the United States’ Health Care Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample were used to conduct a retrospective population-wide cohort study. International Classification of Disease-9 codes were used to identify women who underwent a cesarean delivery between 1999 and 2015. Then subsequently, women were classified in two groups based on whether or not they had a bladder injury. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of bladder injury in cesarean sections and to examine the associated morbidities. Of the total 4,169,681 cesarean deliveries in our study, 7,627 (0.2%) were complicated with a bladder injury. Women age 35 years or older were at greater risk of bladder injury compared to younger women (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.44-1.59). Comorbid conditions associated with an increased risk of bladder injury include endometriosis (2.04, 1.50-2.77) and Crohn’s disease (2.66, 1.70-4.18). Risk of bladder injury increased if the cesarean section was done for presence of placenta previa (2.12, 1.91-2.37), previous cesarean delivery (4.37, 4.11-4.65), failed instrumental delivery (4.14, 3.53-4.84), fetal distress (1.75, 1.64-1.86), failed trial of labor after cesarean section (1.28, 1.18-1.40), and labor dystocia (1.70, 1.58-1.84). Cesarean hysterectomies presented the greatest risk for bladder injury (37.12, 33.83-40.73). Bladder injury resulted in an increased frequency of sepsis, venous thromboembolism, peritonitis, blood transfusions and longer hospital stays. Bladder injury during cesarean deliveries is a rare outcome but it is more common among women with certain risk factors.