Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Research Articles

Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Leaf Extract by In-Silico and In-Vitro Studies

The Greek term for "helminthes" means "worm." Human-infecting parasites fall into one of two categories: keepsakes or heirlooms. Heirlooms are parasites that have been passed down from African ancestors, while souvenirs are parasites that humans have picked up from animals through migration, evolution, and agricultural activities. These helminthic infections are the most prevalent human infectious agents in poor nations. The helminthic parasite affects around 2 billion people worldwide, or more than 25% of the total population. It is a big problem in developing nations, particularly for young people. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to extract the plant's active ingredients and test the crude extract's anti-helminthic properties. In this study, we worked on the ceasalpeniapulcherima plant with a focus on natural remedies for the treatment of helmintiasis. The chief scientist of Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Floriculture Research Station, Rajndranagar, authenticated the true nature of the plant. Water and ethanol were utilized in the extraction procedure. To find out what chemicals are in the alcoholic extract, a screening test is performed on it. The flavonoid test on the extract came out positive. Using Albendazole as the prescribed medication, the anthelmintic action was carried out on Indian earthworms. In Indian earth worms, we found that alcoholic extract exhibits good antihelmintic action. By Insilco studies we found the interaction of flavanoids with antihelmentic proteins. Key Word: Helminthes, ceasalpeniapulcherima, flavonoids, extractioin, in silico study.

Phytochemical Investigation, Proximate Composition, Acute Toxicity, Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Extracts of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Linn Flower

The management and treatment of inflammation and pains have continued to gain increasing interest in recent times due to the challenge they pose to health. The study evaluated the phytoconstituents, proximate content, acute toxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties of Caesalpinia pulcherrima flower extracts using different solvents. The bioactive chemical constituents, acute toxicity, and antioxidant property were investigated via standard methods while the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were determined using formalin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing methods respectively. Phytochemicals determined were alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids. The moisture, crude fibre, crude lipid and total ash content determined were 6.20 ± 0.01%, 15.00 ± 0.07%, 1.80 ± 0.03% and 7.00 ± 0.00% respectively. The n-hexane extract possessed the chief % inhibition (86.49 ± 0.30) and for ascorbic acid 88.29 ± 0.00 at 500 μg/mL extract from the antioxidant study. The acetone extract displayed the greatest significant anti-inflammatory potential at both 100 and 200 mg/kg dose at four hours, being the most effective and there exist a momentous reduction at p 0.05 in the writhes’ number in a manner depended on dose in the acetone and n-hexane extracts. At 5000 mg/kg, there was 100% mortality when the crude extracts were orally administered to the Swiss mice. This study ratifies that Caesalpinia pulcherrima flower extract is a potential spring of phytomedicine which could be applied for managing of inflammation, pain and oxidative stress-related infections but higher dosages could potentially be lethal.

Influence of seasonal variation on steroidal content and in vivo post-coital antifertility activity of bark extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that seasonal variations in phytoconstituent levels eventually lead to alterations in the biological activities of the plant materials. The research assessed the effects of seasonal changes on β-sitosterol levels and the anti-fertility properties of two solvated bark extracts (ethanol and water) from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (CP) Linn. in female rats. Materials and methodsSoxhlet and hot reflux extraction with ethanol and water solvents were used to separate the active components from the barks. The phytochemical screening, characterization, and in-vivo antifertility activity in female rats were carried out to determine the presence of bioactive components. Two dosages of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) were chosen based on the results of an acute toxicity investigation. Uterine tissue histopathology was performed to analyze the effects of various treatments. The data was statistically examined and p value less than 0.05 was considered to reflect the significance. ResultsThe extracts were characterized for the presence of beta-sitosterol using FT-IR, H1-NMR, and HR-Mass. The animals were able to withstand a dose of up to 2000 mg/kg without exhibiting any toxicological signs or symptoms. Based on in vivo investigations, an ethanolic extract of the bark showed 88.93 % and 77.21 % anti-implantation action at 200 and 400 mg/kg, while an aqueous extract showed 78.31 and 70.52 % activity at the same doses. When compared to the control, the anti-implantation and estrogenic actions of both extracts were shown to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The abortifacient effect in the rainy season ethanolic extract was linear and dose-dependent, as compared to the control (p<0.001). ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that the presence of the phytosterol beta Sitosterol in Caesalpinia pulcherrima (CP) Linn. is responsible for its post-coital antifertility effect. It appears that the amount of beta-sitosterol in the plant, which may have an antifertility effect, is greatly affected by seasonal change.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima lowered serum carcinoembryonic antigen and antigen 125 in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female Albino Rats

AimThis study is aimed at evaluating the anticancer effect of the aqueous extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw in 7,12-Dimethlbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) – induced mammary cancer. MethodsTumors were induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of DMBA (dissolved in olive oil) at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight to the test rats and allowed to develop for about four months. They were treated with cyclophosphamide and an aqueous extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima at doses of 10 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 28 days. Serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytochrome p450 oxidase (cytp450) activity, as well as other diagnostic enzymes, were estimated. ResultsThe result revealed that DMBA is associated with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the serum levels of CA125, CEA, COX-2, cytp450, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the rats, thus suggesting tumor-promoting and hepatotoxic effects of DMBA. There was also a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of serum levels of these cancer and liver biomarker enzymes in the groups treated with cyclophosphamide and Caesalpinia pulcherrima compared to the untreated group, thus suggesting anticancer activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The anticancer effect of Caesalpinia pulcherrima was further confirmed by the disappearance of infiltrative fibrous cells and the absence of inflammatory cells from the photomicrographs of the rats treated with Caesalpinia pulcherrima. ConclusionOur findings show that Caesalpinia pulcherrima possesses anticancer activity, and could protect against mammary cancer.

Antiviral Activities of Some Traditional Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka

Abstract: The aim of this article is to review the antiviral activity of plants traditionally used in indigenous medicine in Sri Lanka, their therapeutic potential, chemistry, and botany. Viral infections represent an increasing threat to humans worldwide. Conventional antiviral drugs are available against respiratory viruses. Naturally occurring antiviral activity of medicinal plants was used for centuries in the country’s rich traditional medicine system consisting of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Deshiya Chikitsa. Traditional physicians cure diseases, including those that originate from viruses, through herbal medicine. To complement this, about 1430 species representing 838 genera, equivalent to 45% of the entire flowering plant community, are considered medicinal. The present article attempts to review the essence of decades of discoveries on antiviral and related properties of 21 medicinal plants, Allium sativum L., Annona muricata L., Ardisia elliptica Thunb., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Coriandrum sativum L., Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr., Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam., Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br., Justicia adhatoda L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Phyllanthus embilica L., Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd., Piper longum L., Piper nigrum L., Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad &amp; Wendl., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz., Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Miers., Vitex negundo L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Among the medicinal plants commonly used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine, Justicia adhatoda showed stronger anti-influenza virus activity, inhibiting virus attachment and replication, while Terminalia chebula consisting of chebulagic and chebulinic acids, demonstrated direct antiviral activity against sexually transmitted herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2).

Green synthesis of Ag/CuO and Ag/ [formula omitted] nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation, antibacterial, and antifungal properties

In the context of synthesizing metal doped metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), green synthesis emerges as a reliable, sustainable, environmentally-friendly, and exceptional alternative to the more efficient and conventional chemical methods. In this study, we explored the co-precipitation method performed for the Caesalpinia pulcherrima (C.pulcherrima) flower extract high percentage of hydroxyl functional groups on terpenoid derivatives, reducing and encapsulating agents, and the stability of the Ag/CuO and Ag/ TiO2 NPs. The XRD patterns provided evidence of the highly crystalline structure of monoclinic CuO, tetragonal crystal structure, and face-centered cubic Ag metal, obtained to improve the nanosized 6 and 8 nm, which structural defects in the synthesis materials were determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), as well as by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyze. The existence of Ag ions (Ag+), Ti4+ ions, and Cu2+ ions in CuO and TiO2 caused the reduction of carbonyl and hydroxide functional groups, thereby facilitating the efficient formation of nanostructures, as demonstrated by XPS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The band gap analysis of Ag/CuO and Ag/TiO2 NPs revealed that they increased the catalytic activity of methylene blue (MB) dye degradation efficiency achieved by 86 and 94 %, respectively. Comparatively, Ag doped with CuO and TiO2 has a synergistic effect leading to in highly effective antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli infections.

Modeling understory shrub diversity related to environmental gradients using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) in an urban forest in Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract. Kirana GR, Wibowo AA, Nurdin E, Wardhana W, Basukriadi A. 2023. Modeling understory shrub diversity related to environmental gradients using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) in an urban forest in Jakarta, Indonesia. Asian J For 7: 74-80. The urban forest is one form of human-made ecosystem in urban environments. One of the most important components of urban forest ecosystem is understory shrubs. The sustainability of understory shrub community is supported by environmental variables suitable to its growth. Nonetheless, there has been limited information on how environmental variables contribute to the presence of shrubs in particular urban settings. This study aims to model the relationships between understory shrub diversity and environmental covariates, including air temperature, humidity, light intensity and wind speed, using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) in Srengseng Urban Forest, Jakarta, Indonesia. The result showed that there were 20 species and 12 families with the most common shrub species being Rivina humilis, followed by Acalypha siamensis, Cordyline fruticosa, Syzigium paniculatum and Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 0.671 (95% CI: 0.441, 0.901). The AIC models showed that understory shrub diversity was negatively correlated with humidity and positively correlated with light gradients with AIC values of 38.696 and 41.679, respectively. The diversity of understory shrubs in urban forests was significantly supported by sufficient light intensity (R2 = 0.29) and limited by an increase in air humidity (R2 = -0.44). The humidity and light intensity combinations also affect the understory shrub diversity (AIC = 38.900, R2 = 0.256). The results of these studies can help urban forest managers manage urban forests if aiming for biodiversity conservation, especially understory shrub species.

Quality assessment of biodiesel produced from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Pride of Barbados)

Alternative energy sources from vegetable products are developing as a response to the depleting fossil fuel reserves and the environmental damage caused by their burning. Among these different possible resources, biodiesel has received a lot of interest as a diesel engine fuel substitute because it is renewable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, etc. This study evaluated the quality assessment of production of biodiesel from Caesalpinia pulcherrima. The sample oil was extracted from the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima using a soxhlet extractor with n-hexane; the results obtained showed low yield of 27 ± 0.1 % for the extracted oil. The physicochemical properties of the oils sample were found to be as follows: Saponification value: 142.87 mgKOH/g, peroxide value: 7.70 mEq O2/kg, acid value : 30.49 mg KOH/g, iodine value (IV): 23.15 g I2/100g, viscosity: 5.83 mm2 /sec, specific gravity: 0.90. The value of free fatty acid gotten was 15.43. The oil was transesterified using two-step transesterification due to their high free fatty acid (FFA) using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The biodiesel produced was analyzed for its fatty acid profile using GC-MS and fuel properties using ASTM Methods. The Caesalpinia pulcherrima oil obtained for use in the production of biodiesel was clear, viscous, and yellowish in color. The result of the transesterification reaction was a transparent yellowish color liquid (biofuel) and the percentage yield was 71.73 %. The density of 0.86, pour point of -5.03 oC, cloud point of 5.83 oC, the specific gravity of 0.895, the kinematic viscosity of 5.37 mm2 /s, and an acid value of 1.1 MgKOH/g were all within the ASTM D6751 specification for biodiesel fuel. respectively. Results obtained infer that oil from Caesalpinia pulcherrima possesses properties that are suitable for biofuel production using ASTM standard.

Isolation, Characterisation and Evaluation of Anti-asthma activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Caesalpinia pulcherrima is also commonly known as peacock flower, belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae. Reported biological activities of the plant Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.are antimicrobial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antiwrinkle. The present study was undertaken to isolate, characterise and evaluate the in-vitro anti-asthmatic activity of the whole plant of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L using goat tracheal chain method. Presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids were observed in whole plant of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. The main components identified were 8-methoxybonducellin, 6-methoxypulcherrimin, myricitroside and isobonducellin. The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated on the basis of FTIR spectrum and GC-MS spectrum as well as by comparison with available data in the literature. It was observed that ethanolic extract (300 μg, 400 μg) of Caesalpinia pulcherrima showed significant dose dependent antiasthmatic activity in goat tracheal chain model. While chloroform extract (300 μg, 400 μg) and petroleum ether (300 μg , 400 μg) showed satisfactory activity. Thus results reported in the present work shows evidence that the ethanol extract of C. pulcherrima shows potent anti-asthmatic activity.

Phytochemical Investigation, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Pride of Barbados Pod (Caesalpinia pulcherrima)

Pride of Barbados is a therapeutic herb which has wide traditional applications in the treatments and management of diverse ailments. Diseases pose great threats to human race. This research was aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, proximate composition, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of the pod extract of Pride of Barbados in order to provide a scientific validation for its use as a therapeutic herb. All analyses were carried out using already established methods; the antioxidant potential was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, while the formalin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing techniques were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. Phytochemicals detected were alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The moisture content, crude fibre, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash and total ash were 9.02 ± 0.02%, 9.04 ± 0.01%, 2.78 ± 0.02%, 1.20 ± 0.00% and 4.35 ± 0.13%, respectively. The IC50 values for the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of the pod extract and ascorbic acid (standard) were 50.05 ± 0.50 and 5.20 ± 0.85 µg/mL, respectively. The oral administration of crude ethyl acetate pod extract of Pride of Barbados to Swiss mice was not toxic even up to a dose of 5,000 mg/kg. The pod extract showed a significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in the formation of formalin-induced oedema and the number of writhes in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in a concentration (dose) dependent manner. This study confirms the phytomedicinal use of the pod extract of Pride of Barbados with rich pharmacological and antioxidant properties.&#x0D; Keywords: Pride of Barbados; Caesalpinia pulcherrima; Anti-inflammatory; Analgesic; Phytochemicals

Tricolporate pollen of caesalpiniaceae medicinal plants at Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy botanical garden in Cyberabad, Telangana

This paper presents the study of a tricolporate pollen morphology of 08 Caesalpiniaceae medicinal plant taxa viz. Bauhinia purpurea L., Caesalpinia pulcherrima( L.) SW.,Cassia fistula L., Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf., Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne., Senna auriculata L., S. sophera (L.), Roxb. and Tamarindus indica L. The flower buds of these plants were collected from blocked category of Cyberabad area i.e. Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy Botanical Garden. By using Erdtman’s (1960) acetolysis technique, the collected flower buds were processed. The result of the study showed that Caesalpiniaceae tricolporate pollen grains have diversity in their pollen morphological characters like Polarity, Symmetry, Shape, Aperture and Sporoderm. The observations of this study will be useful for authentic identification of the taxa of Caesalpiniaceae.

Pollen Morphological Study of Some Selected Flowering Plants within Adekunle Ajasin University Main Campus, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

On the Adekunle Ajasin University Main campus, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, the pollen morphological study of seven (7) flowering plant species representing three (3) angiospermic plant Families (Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae sub-family Caesalpinoideae) was examined, analyzed, and studied palynologically to determine the morphological features and attributes as an aid in the identification and classification of its members within each family. Pollen grains from fresh polleniferous materials were extracted using acetolysis methods. Detailed morphological evaluations were performed at x100 magnification. Results showed similarities and differences between species in the same genera, as well as differences between species in other families. Pollen study of these species revealed several similarities between species within the same family. Aperture type, forms, pollen grain size, sculpturing pattern, pollen dimension, and exine pattern were all studied for differences and similarities. Euphorbia hirta L and Euphorbia heterophylla L, both Euphorbiaceae species, have tricolpate apertures, are prolate in shape, reticulate, and contain small to medium pollen sizes. Asteraceae has tricolporate apertures, prolate spheroidal shapes, spinate, short and long spines, and pollen sizes ranging from microscopic to enormous (Ageratum conyzoides L, Tithonia diversifolia, and Tridax procumbens). Pollen from the family Fabaceae subfamily Caesalpinioideae (which includes Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz. and Senna alata (Linn.) Roxb) were found to be subprolate, coarsely reticulate, tricolporate, and with pollen sizes ranging from medium to large. Aperture measures such as number and diameter, pollen size, and spine height were suggestive in all of the species studied. Because all of the species studied exhibited comparable form and symmetry, they were grouped together and assigned to the same family.

Restoring Forest With High Density Plantation Method in Medchal District in Telangana State

A study was conducted to find the performance of tree species under Miyawaki method of planting in Chengicherla Range Forest and Rachakonda Commssionarate Range Forest in Medchal District of Telangana State. The plantation was taken up during 2016. Thirty fast growing trees namely Tectona grandis, Pterocarpus santalinus, Bambusa vulgaris, Bombax ceiba, Peltophorum pterocar, Delonix regiapum and medium canopy species are Grevillea robusta, Phyllanthus emblica, Pongamia pinnata, Delonix regia, Tecoma stans, Bauhinia acuminata, Punica granatum, Limonia acidissima and Low canopy Species. Ocimum tenuiflorum, Acalypha hispida, Lawsonia inermi, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Bauhinia variegata, Murraya koenigii, Bougainvillea glabra, Gliricidia sepium respectively are found highly suitable for afforestation in wastelands and also for urban forest. The unexpected natural disasters such as flood, drought, rise in sea level, could affect not only the community but ecology of the region also. The change in climate has adverse effects on food chains, plant, and animal habitats. For addressing climate variations, restoring forest ecosystems and recreating forests could be better solution. Because historical deforestation and degradation of natural resources resulted in a high density of wild plant species and the construction of forests might take many years, the concept of creating green cover in a shorter period of time is gaining traction across continents.

Pectin-like Polysaccharide Extracted from the Leaves Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a Promising Antioxidant and Immunomodulator Agent

HIGHLIGHTS The pectin-like polysaccharide was isolated from the Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves. Showed promising results of antioxidant activity in in vitro assays. The polysaccharide is non-toxic, stimulates cell activation and cytokine production in in vitro. Promising therapeutic agent.

Low‐viscosity dietary fiber production by enzymatic hydrolysis of galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds: Optimization and physicochemical characterization

This study optimizes the enzymatic hydrolysis of galactomannan from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds to produce a low-viscosity dietary fiber. The effects of cellulase concentration (4.17–9.83 U/g of galactomannan) and hydrolysis time (98–392 min) on two response variables were evaluated using RSM. Some physical and chemical characteristics were determined on the hydrolysate selected in comparison with galactomannan. Both factors negatively affected the intrinsic viscosity, although positively influenced (p < .05) the reducing sugar content. The optimum condition was 9 U/g with 300 min, with 1.28 dl/g of intrinsic viscosity and 1.33% of reducing sugar. The hydrolysis increased total dietary fiber (1.9%) and soluble dietary fiber (2.8%) contents and decreased Mn from 26.4 × 104 to 3.2 × 104 g/mol. Thermal and scanning electron microscope analysis suggested internal and external molecular changes, respectively. However, FT-IR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectra showed characteristic chemical bonds and a mannose/galactose ratio of 2:1. This hydrolyzed galactomannan is suitable as a low-viscose dietary fiber with potential applications in food industry. Novelty Impact Statement Galactomannan from seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima was successfully hydrolyzed. Enzymatic hydrolysis caused a decrease of 87.72% in molecular mass. The hydrolyzed product remained high in dietary fiber (84.3%).

New records in vascular plants alien to Tenerife (Spain, Canary Islands).

BackgroundRecent fieldwork by the author in Tenerife, mostly between 2014 and 2019, yielded new records of alien vascular plants.New informationFifteen taxa (Acacia decurrens, A. mearnsii, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Ensete ventricosum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. arida, E. cladocalyx, Euryops chrysanthemoides, Ficus elastica, Lippia alba, Pavonia sepioides, Pittosporum tobira, Populus × canadensis, Pyrostegia venusta, Ruellia dipteracanthus and Wigandia kunthii) are reported for the first time from the Canary Islands. All were initially introduced on purpose, mostly as ornamentals, and recently started to escape from cultivation. Most of them are ephemerals or only locally established, but nearly all have the potential to naturalise in the future. Thirteen additional species are reported for the first time from Tenerife: Atriplex nummularia, Bellis perennis, Chenopodium probstii, Coccoloba uvifera, Commelina benghalensis, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Eragrostis virescens, Lemna minuta, Malvastrum corchorifolium, Plerandra elegantissima, Psidium guajava, Thunbergia alata and Urochloa subquadripara. Finally, some miscellaneous notes are provided on the presence of Balanites aegyptiaca, Callistemon viminalis, Grevillea robusta and Passiflora caerulea in Tenerife.

Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan (Leaves), Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) on Anxiolytic Activity in Mice

Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Various Extracts of Cajanus Cajan (Leaves), Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Leaves) and Tamarindus Indica (Flowers) on Anxiolytic Activity in Mice

Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant Potential, and Screening and Characterization of Phytochemicals Using hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima

Introduction:Novel Therapeutic Phytochemical studies are based on the use of plants in the production of drugs. The present study was carried out to perform the screening of phytochemicals and their quantitative analysis to assess in-vitro antioxidant activities of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima. FT-IR and GC-MS analyses of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima were also conducted.Methods:The investigation of qualitative and determination of quantitative phytochemical analysis were performed using standard procedures. The total alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, and tannin content were determined spectrophotometrically. DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radical scavenging activity of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima were estimated by standard protocol. The identification of functional groups was made using plant leaf extracts by FTIR and GCMS.Results:The hydroethanolic leaf extract of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima gives positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, tannins, amino acids, and proteins. The content of total alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins varies from 8.4 AE/g, 3.3 CE/g, 2.9, and 3.2 GAE/g, respectively. The antioxidant assay and IC50values were found to be DPPH (43.3μg/ml), ABTS (46.1 μg/ml), and ascorbic acid (41μg/ml), respectively and concentration ranging from 20 to 100 μg/ml. Functional groups were also identified using the extract by FTIR and GCMS.Conclusions:From this work, it can be concluded that the presence of phyto-component makes the plant useful in the treatment of various diseases. As such, it has been found that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of the plant contains more components and is beneficial for further research.

Evaluation of Anti Fertility Activities of Bark Extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn (Caesalpiniaceae) in Rats

The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-ferlility activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn in rats. The plant Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a shrub or small tree. The plant is normally considered to be an ornamental shrub which is planted in gardens and parks for its beautiful red or yellow flowers. The phytochemical screening of the plant has shown the presence of various chemical constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenes. The bark extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima have exhibited significant estrogenic activity. Both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts have produced reduction in ovarian and increase in uterine weight in a dose dependent manner. Also there is a significant increase in antiimplantation and resorption in a dose dependent manner. The activity shown can be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents.

Synergestic effect of chlorophyll and anthocyanin Co-sensitizers in TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells

We adopted co-sensitization technique for improvement of photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Three natural dyes were used in the fabrication of DSSCs: chlorophyll dyes from Talinum fruticosum (waterleaf) labeled as A, Telfairia Occidentalis (pumpkin leaf) labeled as B and anthocyanin dye from the Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (pride of Barbados) flower labeled as C. Then, the DSSCs-based blended dyes were fabricated at volume percent of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 for respective AB, AC and BC mixed dyes. The solar cells were evaluated using UV–Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The results show that DSSC, from single dyes, fabricated from C has the best PCE of 0.25% while mixed dye (BC) at 25:75% volume yielded the best PCE of 1.14% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.64 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.91 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 61% under standard (AM 1.5 G) 1 sun illumination (100 mW/cm2). Generally, cells fabricated from BC (for all volume %) outperformed both single and other mixed DSSCs. The EIS measurement revealed the existence of low and high charge transfer resistances in BC-25:75% and AB-25:75%, respectively at the photoanode and electrolyte interface. Also, continuous light soaking test on the optimized device (BC-25:75%) showed that 11% of the device's power conversion efficiency (PCE) was lost after 7 h. This indicates that co-sensitization of dyes of different sources could be a very promising and effective strategy for further improvement for natural DSSCs.