Cadre Selection Research Articles

Research on the Construction Mechanism of Rural Grass-roots Cadres under the Leadership of Party Construction

As China enters a new stage of building Chinese-style modernization in an all-round way, rural grass-roots cadres, as an important force in rural grass-roots governance, bear the important responsibility of promoting rural economic development, social stability, and improvement of people's livelihood. This paper takes the construction mechanism of rural grass-roots cadres under the leadership of Party building as the core and discusses its significance to rural governance and rural development. Combining with case analysis, this paper proves that the combination mechanism of cadre selection and appointment, cadre training and education, cadre assessment, Party organization guidance and supervision, and cadre incentive and guarantee provides strong support and assurance for the construction of rural grass-roots cadres. It is of great significance to promote the effective implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization.

Optimizing the potential of Karangtengah village through educational parks and Cananga herbal cafe

Karangtengah Village, one of the villages in Bantul Regency, has a rich potential for biodiversity, particularly for family medicinal plants. However, there are still a lot of undeveloped lands that could be better utilized. This program aims to increase community independence in terms of supporting families by encouraging land use or vacant yard optimization. The Karangtengah Village Farmer's Group and PKK women were the targets of this program. The team will transform a plot of land in Karangtengah Village into an educational park and herbal cafe called "Cananga" through this program. The activity starts with the maintenance phase, followed by outreach, TOGA cadre selection, training, mentoring, and the creation of an educational park and herbal cafe. The TOGA conservation cadres received training in the production of high-value functional foods or home-scale industrial-scale herbal medicines as well as a guidebook on the different types of medicinal plants. The stand for the Education Park and Cananga Herbal Cafe was the program's final product. The community receives and experiences the advantages of TOGA, including improved welfare and independent, low-cost health maintenance. In addition, Karangtengah Village can be utilised as a tourist destination with significant educational value.

Причины отставки директора Челябинского Кировского завода И. М. Зальцмана в 1949 г.

The article attempts to establish the relationship and the degree of significance of the various reasons for the resignation of I. M. Zaltsman, Kirov plant director in 1949. With the help of Federal archive documents, new circumstances of the Zaltsman Affair are revealed showing that it corresponded to cadre practices of late Stalinism. The affair was due to production problems. In February 1949 Zaltsman was reprimanded by the government for the production of low-quality tanks in the Kirov Plant, and then was unable to organize the rapid modernization of the IS-4 tank. The question of a new punishment for the director was referred to the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), which by that time had information about the director’s misconduct, corruption and improper cadre selection at the plant. In most cases, plant directors received disciplinary or party penalties for such shortcomings. However, Zaltzman’s refusal to admit his guilt aggravated the situation. An additional check revealed new negative facts, and his actions began to be regarded as «anti-party». As a result, the disruption of the defense task, supplemented by corruption and violation of the unwritten rules for considering cadres questions, outweighed the merits of the famous director and he received the severe penalty of being removed from his post.

The Recruitment Process for Grassroots Cadres in a Chinese County: The CCP Organization Department and Its Alarm Function

Through field research conducted within the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP’s) County S Organization Department, this article finds that, under the CCP’s 2012 Eighteenth Party Congress policies of strengthening local governance and “whoever recommends a cadre is responsible for their performance,” the powers of the county organization departments have been enhanced. The main task of an organization department is the selection of cadres for postings. The County S Organization Department can put forward candidates for posts and also exercises an alarm function for the county party committee, although the party committee still has the final say in cadre appointments. The County S Organization Department has also enhanced its management of cadres’ personnel files to provide accurate reference material for use in cadre selection. The strengthening of the powers of the organization departments may provide an effective solution to the problem of information asymmetry faced by the party committees, enabling their leaders to avoid being held to account for mistakes in cadre selection. It appears that, since 2012, more norms have been developed for selecting cadres, thus facilitating the creation of a “political meritocracy” at the grassroots level.

An examination of model fit and measurement invariance of general mental ability and personality measures used in the multilingual context of the Swiss Armed Forces: A Bayesian structural equation modeling approach

ABSTRACT Measurement invariance of psychological test batteries is an essential quality criterion when the test batteries are administered in different cultural and language contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent measurement model fit and measurement invariance across the two largest language groups in Switzerland (i.e., German and French speakers) can be assumed for selected general mental ability and personality tests used in the Swiss Armed Forces’ cadre selection process. For the model fit and invariance testing, we used Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM). Because the sizes of the language group samples were unbalanced, we reran the invariance testing with the subsampling procedure as a robustness check. The results showed that at least partial approximate scalar invariance can be assumed for the constructs. However, comparisons in the full sample and subsamples also showed that certain test items function differently across the language groups. The results are discussed regarding the three following issues: First, we critically discuss the applied criterion and alternative effect size measures for assessing the practical importance of non-invariances. Second, we highlight potential remedies and further testing options, that can be applied, once certain items have been detected to function differently. Third, we discuss alternative modeling and invariance testing approaches to BSEM and outline future research avenues.

Geo-Spatial Distribution of Frequencies of MTB/RIF Detected Specimens based on Requesting Health Facilities in Manicaland Zimbabwe for 2017 and 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to produce Geo Spatial Distribution of Frequencies of MTB/RIF Detected Specimens based on Requesting Health Facilities in Manicaland Zimbabwe for 2017 and 2018, so as to give insight to TB program managers. Focusing elimination interventions on hot pockets of Tuberculosis (TB) strengthens rationale use of resources in resource limited countries like Zimbabwe. Early detection and early treatment is backbone of breaking TB transmission. Drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) control interventions like Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB or mentoring on Short, all Oral Regimen for Rifampicin resistant Tuberculosis (ShORRT) will be driven by science.Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. Manicaland one of the 10 provinces in Zimbabwe, has 7 districts with 308 health facilities. During this retrospective cross sectional study 2221 MTB detected results of 2017 and 2018, downloaded from 14 of the 15 Genexpert sites in Manicaland were employed to generate hotspot maps. Fifteenth Genexpert site lost its electronic records when Genexpert CPU crushed. Geographical Positioning System (GPS) of the health facilities were recorded. The study used MTB detected frequencies at a facility in relation to surrounding facilities in Manicaland, then ran optimised hotspot analysis function in Arc Map 10.5 to implement the Gi*statistic.Results: Overall provincial MTB detected positivity was 2221/36055 (6.2%).Overall provincial Rifampicin Resistant (RR) positivity was .111.2221(5.0%).Geo-spatial map of Manicaland showed 10 facilities that are RR hotspots with 7/10 (70%) of the facilities in Buhera district. Chipinge district had facilities that were MTB detected high hotspots.For the whole of Manicaland, Buhera district had100% MTB detected low hotspots facilities. Ninety percent hotspots were clustered around 2 of the 15 Genexpert Sites in Manicaland, namely Murambinda Mission Hospital and Chipinge District Hospital.Conclusion: Study identified health facilities with high frequencies of RR areas. For the identified health facilities with high frequencies of RR specimens, NTP may focus DRTB control interventions like PMDT, or mentoring on ShORRT. For the health facilities with high frequencies of MTB detected NTP can focus trainings in TB Case Management. Instead of uniformly spreading the limited resources to all 325 facilities, efforts streamlined to manageable number of 20 facilities in commensurate with identified gap( e.g. objective selection of cadres for training, data driven supportive supervision & targeted awareness campaigns).

Geo-Spatial Distribution of Frequencies of MTB/RIF Detected Specimens based on Requesting Health Facilities in Manicaland Zimbabwe for 2017 and 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to produce Geo Spatial Distribution of Frequencies of MTB/RIF Detected Specimens based on RequestingHealth Facilities in Manicaland Zimbabwe for 2017 and 2018, so as to give insight to TB program managers. Focusing elimination interventions onhot pockets of Tuberculosis (TB) strengthens rationale use of resources in resource limited countries like Zimbabwe. Early detection and earlytreatment is backbone of breaking TB transmission. Drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) control interventions like Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB or mentoring on Short, all Oral Regimen for Rifampicin resistant Tuberculosis (ShORRT) will be driven by science.
 Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. Manicaland one of the 10 provinces in Zimbabwe, has 7 districts with 308 health facilities. During this retrospective cross sectional study 2221 MTB detected results of 2017 and 2018, downloaded from 14 of the 15 Genexpert sites in Manicaland were employed to generate hotspot maps. Fifteenth Genexpert site lost its electronic records when Genexpert CPU crushed. Geographical Positioning System (GPS) of the health facilities were recorded.The study used MTB detected frequencies at a facility in relation to surrounding facilities inManicaland, then ran optimised hotspot analysis function in Arc Map 10.5 to implement the Gi* statistic. 
 Results: Overall provincial MTB detected positivity was 2221/36055 (6.2%).Overall provincial Rifampicin Resistant (RR) positivity was .111.2221(5.0%).Geo-spatial map of Manicaland showed 10 facilities that are RR hotspots with 7/10 (70%) of the facilities in Buhera district. Chipinge district had facilities that were MTB detected high hotspots.For the whole of Manicaland, Buhera district had100% MTB detected low hotspots facilities. Ninety percent hotspots were clusteredaround 2 of the 15 Genexpert Sites in Manicaland, namely Murambinda Mission Hospital and Chipinge District Hospital.
 Conclusion: Study identified health facilities with high frequencies of RR areas. For the identified health facilities with high frequencies of RR specimens, NTP may focus DRTB control interventions like PMDT, or mentoring on ShORRT. For the health facilities with high frequencies of MTB detected NTP can focus trainings in TB Case Management. Instead of uniformly spreading the limited resources to all 325 facilities, efforts streamlined to manageable number of 20 facilities incommensurate with identified gap( e.g. objective selection of cadres for training, data driven supportive supervision & targeted awarenesscampaigns).

The Patterns and Influences of Women's Legislative in Simultaneously General Elections in Indonesia

Gender is one of the essential aspects of the democratic process, including in the legislative elections. In this regard, this study aims to see the implementation of recruitment patterns and the influences used by women, and the factors that win women in Indonesia's legislative elections. This research is qualitative research by carrying out the documentation at the General Election Commission Office and in-depth interviews with women legislators elected in the 2019 general elections. The results showed that the Indonesian government has implemented affirmative action well, indicated by a minimum quota of 30% for female legislators. Besides, affirmative action's success is also supported by recruiting legislative candidates by parties using several approaches, namely the oligarchic approach, the cadre selection approach, the structural approach, the transparency approach, and the dedicated approach. Furthermore, the prevalence and factors that support women legislators' success in the 2019 elections, which have increased compared to the 2014 elections, influence the sequence number and the incumbent candidates' influence. In the end, this affirmative action policy positively affects women who want to take part in politics.

The Rise of Technocratic Leadership in the 1990s in the People’s Republic of China

The transformation of China’s political elite provides important insights into the nation’s political metamorphosis and the changes in cadre selection criteria. The current literature explains the composition of Chinese political elites by referencing cross-sectional biographic data and describing how the revolutionary veterans stepped down and were replaced by the technocrats who emerged in the 1980s and 1990s. However, explanations for the rise of the technocrats have largely been limited to socioeconomic factors. By analyzing the longitudinal data of Chinese provincial leaders during the period of 1990–2013, this article shows the rise of technocrats in Chinese politics in the 1990s but also provides an explanation for it from the perspectives of individuals’ career paths and the contemporaneous political and policy landscapes. These explanations were drawn from analyses of the expansion of higher education and faculty restructuring in the 1950s, graduate job assignments, the recruitment and promotion of young and middle-aged cadres, and the cadre policy known as the Four Modernizations of the early 1980s. This article presents the interactions among individuals’ career opportunities, group composition characteristics, and socioeconomic and macropolitical dynamics. It also reveals how the Chinese Communist Party legitimizes its ruling power and maintains state capacity and political order through elite recruitment.

An Extended Fuzzy TODIM Approach for Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making with Dual-Connection Numbers

The TODIM is a decision-making method that can examine the psychological behavior of decision-makers (DMs). However, the traditional TODIM method has still not been having the ability to overcome fuzzy information such as interval values and linguistic variables. This paper proposes an extended TODIM decision-making model for multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems in a linguistic environment using dual-connection numbers (DCNs). The extended model uses linguistic variables in which the values of alternatives and criteria for both of them are formatted in the triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) to express the uncertain information. First, some definitions and basic operators of the TFNs and DCNs are introduced. Then, the way how to convert fuzzy information in forms of the TFNs into DCNs and the step how to transform each criterion weight value into a crisp value using the defuzzification of Minkowski are demonstrated. Furthermore, the traditional TODIM is improved to address MADM problems with DCNs, and detailed calculation steps in determining decisions are explained. Finally, an illustrative example which is a cadre selection problem is applied to demonstrate the conformity and validity of the extended TODIM method and to compare it with some other methods.

New Thoughts on Leaders in the New Era

The new era requires vigorous selection of cadres who dare to act as cou-rageous and courageous leaders. Leaders must assume the new mission entrusted by the new era and must have the leadership and art of knowing others. Knowing people and being good and knowing is the premise, and good deeds are the key. Knowing people’s good deeds is of great significance to the development of a unit’s cause. Leaders must overcome many problems in selecting and employing people and adopt positive and effective methods and measures to achieve good deeds.

Constructing the idea of organization: Thought self-checks and the organizational review of cadres (1952–1960)

This paper explores the history of state power construction, focusing on the period of regime change and how the state constructed a new governance structure, according to the ideological examinations, work reports, year-end summaries, and organization and examination reports of some cadres in the 1950s. The focus of the article is an attempt to understand how the state constructed a new governance structure during this period of regime change. This paper shows the state used its unique organizational power to carry out a series of administrative activities for cadres and groups: cadres took turns laboring, carrying out self-thinking clean-ups, and organizing the group to exchange learning activities and to implement and systematically organize the trial and handling procedures, the trial of the cadres of the ideological performance of the classification, the formation of written records, and the establishment of a new assessment approach to cadre behavior to institutionalize the organization of personnel work. These processes laid the foundations for the initial institutionalization of the cadre selection and management system, followed by the development of principles that have been consolidated and refined. The obvious effect of this process was that the new behavior requirements and employment standards became widely practiced by urban cadres, the new standards were used to shape the cadres' own concerns and work ethics, and the cadres and new organizations were gradually constructed. These activities not only established organizational governance authority, but have also had a far-reaching influence on the behavior of cadres and their overall characteristics in terms of expression.

Remaking the loyal cadres: the Ideological Responsibility System in China’s new era

There have been noteworthy changes in the ways in which the Chinese Communist Party assess, use, and manage its cadres under different historical conditions. Such changes are associated with the varying agendas for ruling China under the administrations headed by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping, respectively. This paper systematically examines pertinent official documents from the past four decades to reveal the role played by ideology in the CCP’s cadre selection and management mechanism, as well as the resulting incentives and pressures for the Chinese cadres. Findings show that the reinforcing of political correctness through the finely designed Ideological Responsibility System (yisixingtai zerenzhi) effectively increases the cadres’ loyalty to the central authority. However, there are also unintended and possibly negative implications with regard to some of the related changes.

The impact of higher education expansion on intergenerational mobility

AbstractThe persistent correlations between parents and children's outcomes have long been investigated. From a policy perspective, it is important to understand the underlying causes of those correlations. Educational policy changes may have significant impacts on intergenerational mobility. The last several decades have witnessed a remarkable expansion of higher education around the world. In this paper, we examine the effect of higher education expansion on intergenerational mobility in China. We find that the higher education expansion in China has weakened the advantage of cadres’ children in higher education participation, and has strengthened the intergenerational educational correlation. One explanation for these results might be that, along with the process of economic reform started in 1979, the cadre selection mechanism has placed more and more weight on candidate's education and abilities.

Democratic Procedures in the CCP's Cadre Selection Process: Implementation and Consequences

AbstractSince the early 1990s, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has put in place a series of measures to allow more Party members to participate in the cadre selection process. “Intra-party democracy” was promoted as a remedy to solve the corruption and social tension that resulted from overly concentrated personnel power. How effective are these formal procedures in constraining the appointment power of core Party leaders and institutionalizing the influence of a larger group of cadres? Drawing on archival research, interviews and quantitative data, this paper examines two components of intra-party democratic reform: “democratic recommendation,” which serves as a gateway to cadre promotion, and the semi-competitive elections at Party congresses. This in-depth study finds that the efforts to expand bottom-up participation are hindered by loopholes in formal regulations, informal practices and the frequent rotation of Party officials. Meanwhile, the reform measures have brought changes to the personnel system by complicating the Party secretaries' exercise of appointment power and altering the incentives of ambitious cadres. The implementation of intra-party democracy could improve the vitality of one-party rule, and its ebbs and flows imply a divide within China's top leadership over the direction of political change.

Longitudinal Effects of OCB on Cadre Selection and Pursuing a Career as Militia Cadre in the Swiss Armed Forces

In the present investigation longitudinal data obtained from recruits undergoing basic military training in the Swiss Armed Forces were used to examine the effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on a subsequent cadre selection and the willingness to voluntarily pursue a career as militia cadre. Results of the hierarchical logistic regression controlling for demographic variables, cadre recommendation, and allocation to the desired branch of service showed OCB predicted both the selection as cadre and the voluntariness to pursue a career as militia cadre. These effects show to what extent OCB may predict significant additional effort. Results are discussed with regard to further examination of the effects of OCB on career outcomes and selection decisions.

Frontline Soldiers of the CCP: The Selection of China's Township Leaders

AbstractChina's township leaders have a bad reputation and the CCP is trying to find new ways to select them. This article first presents data on the education and careers of township leaders in one county in Yunnan, and then looks at two partly contradictory trends in cadre selection: exams and consultations.

Procédés et critères de choix des responsables des organisations de base du Parti Communiste de l'Union Soviétique

Procedures and Criteria Used in the Selection of Cadres in the Lower-level Organizations of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union An integral part of what the Soviet authorities call « cadre policy », the choice of personnel for the lower-level organizations of the CPSU, is made through elections which are neither « free » nor « competitive », but strictly regulated by superior bodies. A study of the methods employed by these higher authorities in order to impose their choice of personnel, and of the criteria which govern these choices, reveals a highly organized selection procedure, based mainly on the competence of the potential cadres. In fact, where these lower-level organizations are concerned, it seems, at the present time anyway, that the concern for some degree of representativeness among those nominated to office is considerably outweighed by the desire to select educated and competent cadres who may eventually be called upon to make their way upward in the Party and/or administrative hierarchy.