Cadmium In Tissues Research Articles

Carbon-based Nanocomposite Materials for Electrochemical Monitoring of Cadmium Ions

In the present era of science and technology, cadmium poisoning in humans is reported from several parts of the world and now it is a global health problem. Accumulation of cadmium in human organs and tissues, such as the liver, kidney, etc., leads to carcinogenic effects and toxicity to the organ system. Therefore, several efforts are being made to develop a monitoring system for cadmium metal ions in the environment. This review aimed to summarise the different carbon-composite materials-based electrochemical sensors reported to date for cadmium ions detection. The first section of this review provides a brief discussion on the source and harmful effects of cadmium ions, and the rest part includes different carbon (graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, etc.)-based composite nanomaterials reported to date for the electrochemical detection of cadmium ions in different analytes. Carbon-based nanocomposite materials have been found to be very suitable for the detection of Cd(II) ions due to their boosted electron transportation and high surface, leading towards high sensitivity and high selectivity.

Acetone O-(2-naphthylsulfonyl) oxime alleviates the toxic effects of cadmium in maize seedlings by increasing the phenolic substance content and antioxidant system activity

The absorption of cadmium by plants largely depends on cadmium contamination in the soil. The development of phytomining and phytoremediation methods to clean cadmium-contaminated ecosystems is an urgent issue that needs to be solved. Therefore, the role of exogenous O-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)oxime (ANSO) to maize seedlings under cadmium stress was tested. The results showed that when ANSO+cadmium application was compared to cadmium, the cadmium content increased by 7.8 times, while the abscisic acid content decreased. Under cadmium stress, ANSO application did not change the relative water content, but increased the chlorophyll content. While carotenoid content increased with cadmium application, it increased further with ANSO+cadmium application. As a result of the positive effects of ANSO application on the antioxidant system under cadmium stress, hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation and proline content decreased. ANSO application under cadmium stress increased the phenolic substance content. This study shows that exogenous ANSO makes significant contributions to the protection of maize seedlings despite being under cadmium stress. It also provides important references to the fact that despite stress, the cadmium chelation mechanisms of seedlings continue to work actively to accumulate cadmium in tissues, and it has deep implications for the remediation of cadmium-polluted soils.

Impact nano- and micro- form of CdO on barley growth and oxidative stress response

The objective was investigated the effects of CdO and nano-CdO as potential toxic pollutants on growth and redox response of barley. CdO and nano-CdO have been found to cause significant phytotoxicity in barley seedlings, with nano-CdO increasing plant tissue cadmium accumulation. This accumulation is linked to growth retardation and oxidative stress. Low molecular weight antioxidants like restored glutathione and ascorbate have been found to increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in green tissues. Catalase (CAT) activity increased from 50 % with 100 mg/l CdO to 70 % with 1000 mg/l and nano-CdO. The observed disturbance in redox balance signals the upregulation of corresponding genes. Antioxidant enzyme isoform gene transcripts increased for SODB, CAT2, and APX. Cadmium buildup in root cells causes oxidative stress, leading to upregulation of SOD, CAT, GR, and GSTs isoform genes as well as protein carbonylation, sulfhydryl group degradation, and MDA accumulation. CdO and nano-CdO have similar phytotoxic effects, but bioavailability affects biochemical and molecular responses.

Determination of Cadmium (Cd) and Arsenic (As) concentration in the Liver and Kidney of Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia) infected with Cestoda worms in Al-Nasiriyah City, southern Iraq

The aim of the current study was to determine the amounts of heavy metals and to illustrate the potential risk they posed to birds by measuring the bioaccumulate of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in cestode worms and the liver and kidney tissue of Columba livia (host) infected with Raillietina sp. Three hundred C. livia birds were gathered from an Al-Nassiriyah city local market. The birds were split into two groups: the healthy group and the group infected with Raillietina sp. The three genera of tapeworms that infected the 119 birds were Raillietina sp., Cotugina sp. and Apronia sp. with relative infection rates of 52.8%, 27.9% and 19.1% respectively. The Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) was used to measure the amounts of heavy elements. In the summer, the quantity of cadmium in the liver tissues of infected birds was highest (0.60 μg/g) as dry weight, while in healthy birds, the highest value was observed in the autumn. When comparing cadmium with arsenic concentrations, the latter has lower bioaccumulation levels in infected birds. The highest concentration was found in intestinal tissues during the winter, reaching 0.0092 μg/g of dry weight. Similarly, high concentrations were found in liver tissue during the summer, amounting to 0.009 μg/g of dry weight.

Accumulation and Histochemical Localization of Cadmium in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Leaf and Root Tissue

As anthropogenic activities have facilitated the spread of heavy metals into the environment, plants have been identified that may have the ability to tolerate exposure to high levels of these metals. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has been suggested as potentially having the ability to accumulate elevated concentrations of some contaminants from soils, including cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal that has been linked to serious health risks to humans. Therefore, there is an interest to document the ability of hemp to tolerate exposure to Cd to determine if there is a risk when products for medicinal consumption are made from the hemp plant. The objectives of this study were to perform histochemical localization of Cd at the cellular level and document potential changes in plant tissues in response to hemp exposure. Plants were grown in hydroponic solutions for 4 weeks and then exposed to either 0 or 10 mg·L−1 Cd for 17 days and harvested. There were no differences in dry weights (dw) of leaves, stems, and roots among treated and control 17 days after treatment (DAT). However, plants exposed to 10 mg·L−1 Cd had Cd concentrations of 1448.0 mg·kg−1 dw in roots and 23.2 mg·kg−1 dw in leaves at 17 DAT, whereas Cd was not detected in roots or leaves of control plants. On staining with dithizone, Cd was primarily localized in leaf epidermis, mesophyll, and trichomes, and in root rhizodermis, cortex, and pericycle in hemp plants exposed to 10 mg·L−1 Cd. Image analysis was able to further quantify these results based on area stained. Our results suggest that Cd is primarily accumulated throughout hemp roots, with lesser amounts translocated to the leaves, where it may be localized in the epidermis and trichomes.

Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in Muscle and Liver Tissues of Juvenile Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the Indian Ocean.

The present study evaluated the cadmium (Cd) levels and temporal variation of Cd in dark muscle, white muscle, and liver of juvenile Thunnus albacares. 72 individuals (Standard length: 50-67 cm; weight: 0.8-2.5 kg) were collected from Indian Oceanic water around Sri Lanka during the period between April 2021 to May 2022. Total Cd levels were analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer. The mean Cd levels (mean ± SD mg kg-1 dry weight) in different tissues varied with significantly higher levels in the liver (13.62 ± 0.98, p < 0.05), compared to dark muscle (0.52 ± 0.05), and white muscle (0.42 ± 0.04). Cd levels in liver tissues were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the fish weight. The Cd levels reported in dark muscles, white muscles, and liver tissues were significantly higher (p < 0.05) during 2nd inter-monsoon than in the other monsoonal regimes and exceeded the maximum permissible level (0.1 mg kg-1 wet weight) set by the European Union (EU). However, the measured Cd levels in white and dark muscles were below the maximum permissible level (0.2 mg kg-1 wet weight) set by FAO/WHO. The Cd levels in all the liver tissues were above the levels set by the EU and FAO/WHO. Accordingly, people should avoid the consumption of liver tissues of T. albacares from the Indian Ocean. A human with a body weight of 60 kg can consume white muscles up to 4.667 kg per week without exceeding the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake.

Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metals in the Bivalves of a Major Fish Landing Centre in Mumbai

One of the most prevalent environmental contaminants found in aquatic ecosystems and its associated biota is considered to be heavy metals. The current study evaluated the heavy metal concentrations of Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pd) in the soft tissues of M.casta and Paphia malabarica species seasonally for one year. The soft tissue of the two species were digested using a microwave digestion system (CEM-MARS-5) using nitric acid and perchloric acid. Evaluation of Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, and Zn was done using ICP-OES while for estimation of Pd, Cd and As, ICP-MS was used. During the study, Fe, Mn and Zn content dominated the whole soft tissues of both species. The findings demonstrated that the pre-monsoon season had higher amounts of the most examined heavy metals, whereas the monsoon season had the lowest quantities of these metals in the soft tissues of both species.

Heavy metals in wastewater and fish collected from waste stabilization pond and human health risks in southwestern Ethiopia

IntroductionThis study aimed to measure the concentration of toxic heavy metals in wastewater samples and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) species inhabiting wastewater (waste stabilization ponds) and evaluate their safety as a food source in southwestern Ethiopia. For this purpose, toxic metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in wastewater samples and fish tissues (muscle, gill, and liver) were independently examined.MethodsA laboratory-based cross-sectional study was performed to ascertain the levels of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in the fish tissues of O. niloticus and wastewater samples. Heavy metal levels were analyzed by microplasma atomic emission spectrometry (Agilent 4210 MP-AES) and hydrogen-generated atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS, novAA 400P, Germany).ResultsHeavy metal concentrations were measured in the following decreasing order (µg L−1): Cd &amp;gt; Pb &amp;gt; As &amp;gt; Hg in facultative and maturation ponds, with Cd (27.66 µg L−1) having the highest concentration and Hg (0.349 µg L−1) having the lowest concentration. Among the heavy metals detected in the wastewater samples, Hg showed a statistically significant difference between the sampling points (p = 0.023). The maximum metal concentration was measured for Pb (0.35 mg kg−1) and Cd (0.24 mg kg−1) in the muscle tissue of O. niloticus. The value of arsenic (0.02 mg kg−1) detected in fish edible muscles exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit (MPL = 0.01) for human consumption. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of consuming fish due to trace metals were relatively low and posed fewer potential threats to human health. According to this finding, children were more susceptible to heavy metal exposure than adults.ConclusionDue to the high quantities of these harmful heavy metals, wastewater from oxidation ponds should not be used for fishing to avoid bioaccumulation. The target carcinogenic risk (TR) and target hazard quotient (THQ) indicated that all heavy metals were below the safe threshold. This research will provide a baseline for monitoring trace metals in various edible aquatic creatures and for future research in artificial habitats and regulatory considerations.

Heavy metals in cigarette smoke strongly inhibit pancreatic ductal function and promote development of chronic pancreatitis.

Smoking is recognised as an independent risk factor in the development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function and ductal fluid and bicarbonate secretion are also known to be impaired in CP, so it is crucial to understand the relationships between smoking, pancreatic ductal function and the development of CP. We measured sweat chloride (Cl-) concentrations in patients with and without CP, both smokers and non-smokers, to assess CFTR activity. Serum heavy metal levels and tissue cadmium concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry in smoking and non-smoking patients. Guinea pigs were exposed to cigarette smoke, and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared to characterise its effects on pancreatic HCO3 - and fluid secretion and CFTR function. We administered cerulein to both the smoking and non-smoking groups of mice to induce pancreatitis. Sweat samples from smokers, both with and without CP, exhibited elevated Cl- concentrations compared to those from non-smokers, indicating a decrease in CFTR activity due to smoking. Pancreatic tissues from smokers, regardless of CP status, displayed lower CFTR expression than those from non-smokers. Serum levels of cadmium and mercury, as well as pancreatic tissue cadmium, were increased in smokers. Smoking, CSE, cadmium, mercury and nicotine all hindered fluid and HCO3 - secretion and CFTR activity in pancreatic ductal cells. These effects were mediated by sustained increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), depletion of intracellular ATP (ATPi) and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation. Smoking impairs pancreatic ductal function and contributes to the development of CP. Heavy metals, notably cadmium, play a significant role in the harmful effects of smoking. Smoking and cigarette smoke extract diminish pancreatic ductal fluid and HCO3 - secretion as well as the expression and function of CFTR Cd and Hg concentrations are significantly higher in the serum samples of smokers Cd accumulates in the pancreatic tissue of smokers.

Ocean acidification significantly alters the trace element content of the kelp, Saccharina latissima

Seaweeds are ecosystem engineers that can serve as habitat, sequester carbon, buffer ecosystems against acidification, and, in an aquaculture setting, represent an important food source. One health issue regarding the consumption of seaweeds and specifically, kelp, is the accumulation of some trace elements of concern within tissues. As atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise, and global oceans acidify, the concentrations of elements in seawater and kelp may change. Here, we cultivated the sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima under ambient (~400 μatm) and elevated pCO2 (600–2400 μatm) conditions and examined the accumulation of trace elements using x-ray powder diffraction, sub-micron resolution x-ray imaging, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Exposure of S. latissima to higher concentrations of pCO2 and lower pH caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the iodine and arsenic content of kelp along with increased subcellular heterogeneity of these two elements as well as bromine. The iodine-to‑calcium and bromine-to‑calcium ratios of kelp also increased significantly under high CO2/low pH (p < 0.05). In contrast, high CO2/low pH significantly reduced levels of copper and cadmium in kelp tissue (p < 0.05) and there were significant inverse correlations between concentrations of pCO2 and concentrations of cadmium and copper in kelp (p < 0.05). Changes in copper and cadmium levels in kelp were counter to expected changes in their free ionic concentrations in seawater, suggesting that the influence of low pH on algal physiology was an important control on the elemental content of kelp. Collectively, these findings reveal the complex effects of ocean acidification on the elemental composition of seaweeds and indicate that the elemental content of seaweeds used as food must be carefully monitored as climate change accelerates this century.

Investigation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Indian Aquaculture Shrimp -Litopenaeus vannamei

The expanding aquaculture industry in India has raised concerns about potential environmental contaminants, particularly heavy metals in seafood products. This study aims to assess the presence and levels of heavy metals in Indian aquaculture shrimp, focusing on the widely cultivated species Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp samples were collected from diverse aquaculture sites across India and rigorous analytical techniques were employed to quantify the concentrations of various heavy metals. Preliminary findings indicate the potential presence of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in the shrimp tissues. The study explores potential sources of contamination including water quality, sediments and feed to ascertain the pathways through which these heavy metals enter the shrimp cultivation environment.

Association between Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Cancerous and Non-cancerous Tissues with the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Progression in Northwest China.

Alterations in heavy metals and trace element levels may be associated with various cancers. However, the role of this interaction in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is unclear. In recent years, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models have provided new ideas for analyzing the effects of metal mixtures on CRC progression. Herein, we assessed the differences in the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in tumors and adjacent healthy tissues, to investigate the relationship between heavy metals/trace elements and CRC progression. Surgical samples of CRC and noncancerous tissues were collected, and trace metal levels were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression, PCA, and BKMR models were used to investigate the relationship between heavy metals and trace elements and the degree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis in CRC. Cancer tissues showed lower As, Cd, Co, and Cr concentrations, and higher Se concentrations than healthy tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, CRC patients with poorly differentiated tumors and/or positive lymph node metastases had lower levels of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Se (P < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that single metal concentration was negatively correlated with CRC progression. PCA and BKMR models also showed that the metal mixture concentration was negatively correlated with CRC progression, with Cd contributing the most. Overall, changes in heavy metal and trace element levels may be related to the development of CRC; however, further mechanistic studies are required.

Production and use of glucose-maltose-amino acid feed additive from cereal grains

One of the important issues in domestic livestock farming is the production of high-quality and environmentally friendly poultry products. Currently, technology and technological means have been developed for processing cereal grains into easily digestible sugars and amino acids using elements of nanotechnology such as cavitation, ionization and fermentation. Technical documentation has been developed for this technology. The technology was introduced at the Berdskaya poultry farm LLC in the Novosibirsk region. A distinctive feature of this technology is that the resulting new glucose-maltose-amino acid feed additive, which has high digestibility and biological value. Easily digestible sugars: glucose, maltose and amino acids obtained using new technology at low temperatures are better digested and absorbed by the poultry’s body. The purpose of the work was to analyze the production and use of glucose-maltose-amino acid feed additive from cereal grains and its use in feeding of boiler chickens. Testing of the new feed additive was carried out at the Berdskaya poultry farm LLC on broiler chickens of the 4-line cross Sibiryak. It was found as a result of research of a new glucose-maltose-amino acid feed additive when feeding broiler chickens that its introduction into the diet of broiler chickens had a positive impact on economic performance. Thus, in the control group the profi t was 7919 rubles, and in the experimental group it was 10 034 rubles. The level of profitability in the experimental group was higher than in the control group by 5,7 abs.%. Feeding broiler chickens by the new feed additive helped reduce the content of lead and cadmium in muscle tissue, so this product can be used for dietary nutrition.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Etroplus suratensis from Koggala Lagoon in Southern, Sri Lanka

Fish is one of the best organisms in many scientific studies to evaluate heavy metal pollution and human health hazards as they are well-understood organisms in the aquatic environment. The present study was carried out to examine the level of heavy metals in different tissues of Etroplus suratensis (Green chromide) in Koggala lagoon, Sri Lanka. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the levels of copper (Cu2+), cadmium (Cd+3), lead (Pb+2) and Chromium (Cr+3) ions in the different tissues (skin, liver, gill, and flesh) of fish belonging to three different sizes; small (7.8-10.2) cm, medium (14.1-16.6) cm, and large (19.8-25.2) cm. The number of thirty-six fish were collected from the lagoon randomly. According to available sizes, 12 fish for each size class were used for the analysis. Furthermore, the histological analysis was carried out to identify the changes at the tissue levelling the gill and liver of fish in three different size classes. Heavy metal concentration in fish samples were compared with the standard levels of heavy metals. Heavy metal concentrations in body tissues of three different body sizes of fish were found to be mainly in the order of Cu&gt;Pb&gt;Cr&gt; Cd. The highest concentrations (P&lt;0.05) of heavy metals were found in the fish flesh and skin, while the lowest concentrations were found in the gills. The range of heavy metal concentrations (g g-1 dry weight) in body tissue of small size, E. suratensis fish were, Cu: 0.0443-0.6210, Cd: 0.0110–0.0214, Pb: Below Detection Level (BDL)- 0.46 and Cr: BDL-39.633, Medium size fish were, Cu: 0.0713–0.6210, Cd: 0.0134-0.0170, Pb: BDL-40.906, Cr: 0.0014–0.0500 and large fish were, Cu: 0.0553–0.345, Cd: 0.0110–0.0256, Pb: 0.0204–0.2103 and Cr: 0.0194–0.0773. However, Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations of flesh tissues were under the standard recommended limits referred by the FAO. Through the Cu concentration in flesh, tissues exceeded the standard limits of FAO. It is not considered as a toxic heavy metal. Histological analysis revealed that the deviation of shape of hepatic cells in the liver may due to the exposure to heavy metals in the lagoon. According to the overall result, biomagnification nature of heavy metals, and the consumption of E. suratensis in the Koggala the bioaccumulation and lagoon may create health hazards to consumers. &#x0D; Keywords: Green chromide, Koggala Lagoon, Heavy metals, Histology

The association between trace metals in both cancerous and non-cancerous tissues with the risk of liver and gastric cancer progression in northwest China

Liver cancer and gastric cancer have extremely high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. It is well known that an increase or decrease in trace metals may be associated with the formation and development of a variety of diseases, including cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contents of aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in cancerous liver and gastric tissues, compared to adjacent healthy tissues, and to investigate the relationship between trace metals and cancer progression. During surgery, multiple samples were taken from the cancerous and adjacent healthy tissues of patients with liver and gastric cancer, and trace metal levels within these samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in tissues from patients with liver cancer were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Similarly, patients with gastric cancer also showed lower levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn—but higher levels of Cu and Se—compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with liver and gastric cancers who had poorly differentiated tumours and positive lymph node metastases showed lower levels of trace metals (P < 0.05), although no significant changes in their concentrations were observed to correlate with sex, age, or body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression, principal component analysis (PCA), Bayesian kernel regression (BKMR), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile-based g computing (qgcomp) models were used to analyse the relationships between trace metal concentrations in liver and gastric cancer tissues and the progression of these cancers. We found that single or mixed trace metal levels were negatively associated with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis in both liver and gastric cancer, and the posterior inclusion probability (PIP) of each metal showed that Cd contributed the most to poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis in both liver and gastric cancer (all PIP = 1.000). These data help to clarify the relationship between changes in trace metal levels in cancerous liver and gastric tissues and the progression of these cancers. Further research is warranted, however, to fully elucidate the mechanisms and causations underlying these findings.

Trace Metals in the Mussel Mytilus californianus from the West Coast of Baja California, Mexico.

This study assessed the concentrations of trace metals in tissues of Mytilus californianus from the west coast of Baja California, Mexico, during the cold and warm seasons. The concentrations of silver, cadmium, copper and zinc in mussel tissues were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Silver concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.48µg/g dry weight (d.w.) with significantly higher values registered at sites close to densely populated areas. Cadmium, copper, and zinc concentrations ranged from 0.57 to 7.83µg/g d.w., 3.71 to 621µg/g d.w., and 57.54 to 124.55µg/g d.w., respectively. According to the WHO, values of copper and zinc were within acceptable limits. The maximum values of cadmium, however, exceeded the recommended limits set by the European Commission (2014). The human health risk of the metals analyzed was low (THQ and HI < 1). The regular monitoring of trace metals in M. californianus is recommended for a more definitive evaluation of contaminants.

Differences in broiler bone, gut, and tissue mineral parameters, as influenced by broilers grouped based on bodyweight

Context Variation in bodyweight is an undesirable feature in broiler production. Compositional differences between high- and low-bodyweight (BW) chicks in bone parameters and tissue mineral concentrations may provide insight into underlying causes of variation in BW. Aims This study aimed to investigate differences in bone measurements, tissue mineral concentrations, and gut parameters of Ross 308 male broiler chicks with identical diet and environmental conditions, but with distinct BW on Day 21 (D21). Methods A 3-week growth study was conducted involving 40 male, day-old chicks from the Ross 308 line. Chicks were reared in a deep-litter house with a controlled environment and the same commercial diet. On D21, BW data collected from chicks were used as a criterion to rank them into high- and low-BW groups (n = 11/group). Retrospective BW measurements were compared between groups. Birds were selected for assessing bone parameters, liver mineral profile, gut pH, gizzard neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents. Key results Retrospective BW measurements among the high- and low-BW groups showed a consistent difference in BW between the two groups in early life. Tibial concentrations of manganese and strontium were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in the low-weight (LW) group relative to the high-weight (HW) group. Concentrations of manganese, cadmium and caesium in the liver tissue showed significant differences, with the LW group having higher concentration of these trace elements. The LW chicks had lower gizzard digesta pH, higher gizzard NDF and a statistical tendency for higher ADF concentrations compared to the HW group. Conclusions and implications In summary, broilers ranked on the basis of D21 BW showed differences in tibial bone, gut, and tissue mineral parameters. The LW group had lower gizzard pH and higher gizzard fibre content than did the HW group, which may be attributed to factors such as behavioural activities relating to more litter consumption among the LW group than the HW group.

Lead and cadmium in blood and tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L., 1758)

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in blood and tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna were analysed to gather information regarding their distribution, accumulation and inter-relationships, as well as to examine how sex affects them. In the whole population, the concentration range was from below the detection limit (bone) to 8.512 μg g−1 (liver) for Cd, and from below detection limit (bone and gills) to 0.063 μg g−1 (kidney) for Pb. The median concentration in the muscles (0.008 and 0.029 μg g−1 for Cd and Pb, respectively) was 10 times less than the maximum permitted for consumption. Sex was shown to be an important variable affecting concentrations of Cd in both liver and kidneys, so taking into account sex when interpreting results is highly recommended. The importance of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation in fishery by-products, increasingly important in commercial circuits, is also highlighted.

Selenium Nanoparticles Improves Morpho-Physio-Biochemical Traits and Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Garden Mint using Seedling Root Dip Feeding

Due to extensive global contamination of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd), there is a dire need for cost-effective and practical methods to ensure the production of safe food. The recent introduction of micronutrients in nano form has been found to reduce the accumulation of Cd in crops. A greenhouse pot-culture experiment was done to investigate the effects of selenium nanoparticles (0, 10, 20 and 30 mgL-1) applied by seedling root dipping technique on the growth, biomass, physio-biochemical and antioxidant potential of mint grown under induced cadmium stress (25 mg kg-1of soil using CdCl2). Findings revealed that application of selenium nanoparticles considerably improved tissues biomass, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the mint plants. In addition, the application of Se nanoparticles in optimal concentration improved the relative water contents (7.26%), and decreased the electrolyte leakage (32.96%) in plant tissues. Selenium nanoparticles exhibited a dose-additive effect in reducing the levels of malondialdehyde cadmium in tissues of mint plants. Selenium nanoparticles at 20 mg L-1 demonstrated more efficacy than other levels under control and Cd stressed conditions. These findings indicate that seedling root dip feeding of selenium nanoparticles is an efficient approach and could be recommended for remediation of Cd contaminated soils.

Remobilization of Cd caused by iron oxide phase transformation and Mn2+ competition after stabilization by nano zero valent iron

Stabilization techniques are vital in controlling Cd soil pollution. Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) has been extensively utilized for Cd remediation owing to its robust adsorption and reactivity. However, the environmental stress-induced stability of Cd after nZVI addition remains unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the Cd bioavailability in continuously flooded (130 d) soil after stabilization with nZVI. The findings indicated that nZVI application did not result in a decline in Cd concentration in rice, as compared to the no-nZVI control. Additionally, nZVI simultaneously increased the available Cd concentration, iron-manganese oxide-bound (OX) Mn fraction, and relative abundance of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, but it decreased OX-Cd and Mn availability in soil. Cadmium in rice tissues was positively correlated with the available Cd in soil. The results of subsequent adsorption tests demonstrated that CdO was the product of Cd adsorption by the nZVI aging products. Conversely, Mn2+ decreased the adsorption capacity of Cd-containing solutions. These results underscore the crucial role of both biotic and abiotic factors in undermining the stabilization of nZVI under continuous flooding conditions. This study offers novel insights into the regulation of nZVI-mediated Cd stabilization efficiency in conjunction with biological inhibitors and functional modification techniques.