Cadmium Acetate Research Articles

Preparation and photocatalytic N2/H2O to ammonia performance of cadmium sulfide/carbon nanoscrolls

Coal-based carbon nanoscrolls (CNS) were prepared through improved Hummers oxidation method using Xinjiang Wucaiwan coal as a carbon source, after removing impurities by acid treatment and graphitizing pretreatment. Then, the Cadmium sulfide (CdS) generated by the precipitation reaction of cadmium acetate and sodium sulfide was loaded on the coal-based CNS substrate in situ to prepare the composite photocatalyst CdS/CNS with different CdS content. The structure of the as-prepared CdS/CNS characterized, and the photocatalytic N2/H2O ammonia synthesis performance was studied. The results show that CNS is a kind of coal-based carbon nanomaterial evolved from graphene oxide (GO), yet it is more stable than GO and has a similar photoelectric property. Using it as a nano-catalyst substrate of the CdS can not only improve the agglomeration of CdS nanoparticles but also create structural defects in the composite catalyst that are favorable for photocatalytic reaction on the composite photocatalyst. It also provides more active sites for the photocatalytic reaction, and greatly increases the photoelectron transfer rate of the composite catalyst as well. Besides, CNS is a good catalyst carrier. The composite catalyst with CNS has a much better enhancement than pure CdS nanoparticles in both adsorption and activation of N2 and response to visible light. The 80%-CdS/CNS was used in the synthesis ammonia of photocatalysis N2/H2O. After 4 h reaction, the ammonia yield reached 1.337 mmol/L·g cat., which was about 3.29 times that of the ammonia synthesis using pure CdS under the same conditions.

One-pot preparation of CdO/ZnO core/shell nanofibers: An efficient photocatalyst

Herein, CdO/ZnO core/shell nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated by one-pot electrospinning technique form a solution composed of poly(vinyl alcohol), zinc acetate dihydrate, and cadmium acetate dihydrate. CdO/ZnO core/shell NFs exhibits an excellent photo-degradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation compared to pristine ZnO NFs. As 98.4% and 42.4% of MB dye was de-colorized during 210 min using CdO/ZnO core/shell NFs and pristine ZnO NFs, respectively. The photo-degradation reaction of MB with CdO/ZnO core/shell NFs followed the pseudo-first-order relation.

Influence of deposition conditions on structural, electrical, and optical properties of cadmium oxide thin films deposited using the spray pyrolysis technique

In this study, thin films of cadmium oxide (CdO) were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using the simple spray pyrolysis technique using a cadmium acetate precursor. The results regarding the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the layers as a function of the substrate temperature ranging from 280 to 340 °C, spray rate ranging from 5 to 20 ml/min, and volume of solution ranging from 50 to 125 ml were systematically studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the thin films had a polycrystalline nature with the fcc structure of single-phase CdO. The analysis also showed peaks related to (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that the morphology surface of the thin films was spherical. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis demonstrated that the roughness of thin films ranged from 21.16 to 60.9 nm. The Hall effect and thermoelectric studies revealed that the films exhibited an n-type conductivity. The Hall effect measurement study also showed that the carrier concentration (n) and carrier mobility were of the order of 1019 cm− 3 and 10− 2 cm− 2/v s, respectively. The obtained values for the optical bandgap ranged from 2.29 to 2.56 eV, where the amount of the optical bandgap for the thin films decreased as the substrate temperature increased.

Approach of fermi level and electron-trap level in cadmium sulfide nanorods via molybdenum doping with enhanced carrier separation for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production

Doping semiconductor with non-noble metal is a promising strategy to modulate the electronic structures and therefore develop efficient photocatalysts. In this study, we report a facile one-pot solvothermal strategy to synthesize Mo-doped CdS nanorods (NRs) using ammonium tetrathiomolybdate as the sources for both of S and Mo, cadmium acetate as the Cd source, and ethanediamine as the solvent heated at 180 °C for 24 h. The experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that Mo in the form of Mo4+ is incorporated into the CdS lattice to substitute Cd2+ ions and the Mo-S-Cd bonds are formed accordingly. The Mo doping not only introduces localized electron-trapping states at the bottom of conduction band minimum, but also elevates the Fermi level towards the defect level, which endows the doped system with enhanced n-type characteristic and the defect state with strong electron-trapping ability. Moreover, a nonuniform distribution of charge density is formed for the Mo-doped CdS NRs, facilitating the separation of photoexcited charge carriers. Therefore, the Mo-doped CdS NRs exhibit remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity, with an average H2 production rate of 14.62 mmol·g−1·h−1 without using Pt as the co-catalyst, about 5.8 times higher than that of bare CdS. This work provides new insight into the facile synthesis of visible-light-driven photocatalysts as well as the effect of metal ion doping on the modulation of electronic structures.

SYNTHESIS OF CdS NANOPARTICLES BY CHEMICAL Co-PRECIPITATION METHOD AND ITS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE SIZE VIA STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION

CdS is an important wide bandgap chalcogenides most popularly studied for various optoelectronics and biosensing applications. In this study, CdS Nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared successfully by chemical co-precipitation method, using cadmium acetate and sodium sulphide as precursors. A comparative study of average particle size calculated by Scherrer Plot, Uniform Deformation Model (UDM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis and Brus Model has been done here. The structural and optical behaviour of synthesized samples were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), DLS and UV–Visible Spectroscopy. The XRD spectra of the prepared CdS NPs revealed the crystalline phase having cubic structure. The average particles size has been studied via Debye Scherrer equation and Scherrer Plot. For the theoretical calculations of particle size along with the induced lattice strain, considering the broadening effect of lattice strain, Williamson-Hall analysis was employed. Assuming the lattice strain to be isotropic in nature, UDM was applied for calculation. The particles size distribution profile in terms of volume as well as intensity was recorded using DLS analysis in ethanol medium at room temperature. Besides this, the energy bandgap was obtained by applying Tauc model in the recorded absorption spectra. The obtained value of bandgap was used in Brus model for estimating the average particle size. The obtained comparative results show that the average particle size of the prepared CdS NPs estimated from Scherrer equation, Scherrer plot, UDM plot and Brus model are almost similar and lies in the range of 2-5 nm whereas the results of DLS showed wide variation in the range of 40-600 nm.

A simple and highly efficient synthesis of novel fluorinated 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines using Cd(OAc)2

A highly efficient fluorination reaction of 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines using N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) has been developed, presumably proceeding via C–H bond activation. Cadmium acetate was employed as the salts, and various fluorinated 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines have been generated in good to excellent yields. This chemistry endows an economical method of valuable fluorinated 4,6-disubstituted aminopyrimidines through a direct C–F bond formation.

Gestational Exposure to Cadmium and Dimethoate Mixture Modifies Fetal Programming in Rats During Development

The combined effects of environmental agents, as metals and pesticides, on human health, need be evaluated because human exposition occurs generally through mixtures, while regulatory assessment of neurotoxicity by these compounds is currently performed only on selected single substances. In the present study the effects of maternal exposure to 10 mg cadmium/l (as cadmium acetate) in drinking water and dimethoate 4 mg/kg (via gavage) during gestation on the development of motor activity (locomotion and motor coordination) and social behavior (anxiety-like behavior and aggressivity) were studied. The importance of the cholinergic system in the modulation of behaviors was studied using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as a biomarker of effect. Cadmium (Cd) and dimethoate (DM) single exposition modified fetal programing for motor activity and social behavior at childhood and adulthood and leads to disturbs of the AChE activity. Exposition to the mixture of Cd and DM enhanced effects on fetal programing and AChE activity. The present results provide, for the first time, direct experimental evidence supporting that joint exposure to cadmium and dimethoate in uterus of rats seems additive and it is perturbs offspring development leading to harmful consequences on motor activity and social behavior, probably related to modulation of the cholinergic system. Our data suggest that added precautions regarding gestational exposure to metals and pesticide mixtures would be prudent to avoid the possibility of fetal programming.

Synthesis and characterization of microbial mediated cadmium oxide nanoparticles.

Microbial mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles constitutes as effective and promising approach for the development of antibacterial materials in the field of bioengineering and biomedicine. We prepared Cadmium oxide nanoaprticles (CdO NPs) utilizing Penicillium oxalicum, and cadmium acetate solution via coprecipitate method. The elemental composition and morphology of these synthesized CdO NPs were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, we evaluated the bactericidal potential of prepared CdO NPs using Escherichia coli (E.coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Bacillus cereus (B.cereus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as negative control while erythromycin was used as positive control. The XRD spectrum revealed cubic crystalline nanoparticles with 22.94 nm size and UV showed absorbance peak at 297 nm with 2.5 eV band gap energy. FTIR depicted O─H and carboxylic groups along with CdO stretching vibration. EDS showed the presence of organic compounds on Cd and O over NPs surface. SEM results revealed the spherical shape of the CdO NPs. The synthesized NPs exhibited highly potent bactericidal activity against selected strains and demonstrated less optical density of 0.086 after 24 hr. Owing to the significant antibacterial activity of CdO NPs, the broad application prospects of these nanoparticles CdO NPs in extensive biomedical applications is indicated.

Synthesis and characterization of solution-processable Cd1–xZnxS nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Photocatalytic degradation of broadband antibiotics like tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation is considered as an efficient and cost-effective protocol for eliminating it from the aqueous medium. In this study, highly efficient solution-processable Cd1−xZnxS photocatalysts were synthesized using a simple solvothermal route where zinc acetate and cadmium acetate were used as precursors. Composition-tunable alloyed nanorods with bandgap energy tunability ranging from UV (3.7 eV) to Vis (2.5 eV) were synthesized and structural and optical characterization was performed thoroughly. With the increase of Zn content in the Cd1−xZnxS crystal, the 1LO phonon shifts notably towards higher wavenumber. The performance of Cd1−xZnxS nanorod photocatalyst is strongly related to the ratio of Cd and Zn. The Cd0.75Zn0.25S sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic degradation rate constant compared to the other family members. The scavenger experiment revealed that the holes are the main responsible species, whereas hydroxyl radicals have weak roles and electrons have mild effects for the photocatalytic degradation of TC. Our study gives new insight towards the designing of ternary photocatalytic materials for efficient removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution.

INFLUENCE OF NICKEL ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CADMIUM SULPHIDE NANOPARTICLES

Cadmium Sulphide being an important II-VI compound semiconductor has wide applications in various optoelectronic and biolabeling devices. In the present work, undoped and Ni (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) doped CdS nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous medium by microwave assisted solvo thermal method using cadmium acetate, nickel chloride and sodium sulphide as precursors. The effect of Ni doping on the Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of CdS nanoparticles have been studied by X- ray diffraction, SEM, FTIR, PL and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The crystal structure and morphology of the as synthesized nanoparticles have been investigated by X- ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The average grain size of the nanoparticles was estimated using Scherrer equation which was found to be in the range of 4.2 - 6 nm. The FTIR spectra were also recorded to identify the presence of various functional groups in the synthesized CdS nanoparticles. For the estimation of the optical energy band gap of as synthesized nanoparticles, absorption spectra were recorded using UV- Visible spectrophotometer. The result of UV-Visible spectra revealed the increment of energy band gap in CdS nanoparticles on increasing the concentration of Ni.

Unraveling the Origin of Differentiable 'Turn-On' Fluorescence Sensing of Zn2+ and Cd2+ Ions with Squaramides.

A squaramide ring conjugated with Schiff-bases decorated with hydroxy and methoxy functional groups differentially senses zinc and cadmium ions, which turn on the fluorescence. The feebly emitting free ligands light up in the presence of zinc and cadmium acetates, with the acetate ion playing a pivotal role as a conjugate anion. The selective and differentiable emission responses for zinc and cadmium ions make these ligands efficient multi-analyte sensing agents. Furthermore, these ligands could be used to differentially sense zinc and cadmium ions even in aqueous environments. The NMR investigations reveal marginal differences in the binding of zinc and cadmium ions to the ligands, whereas density functional theory calculations suggest the different extent of ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) contributes to the differential behavior. Finally, comparison of the excited-state dynamics of free ligand and the metal complexes reveal the appearance of longer lifetime (about 500-700 ps) component with complexation, due to rigidified molecular skeleton, thereby impeding the non-radiative processes.

Synthesis and characterizations of copper cadmium sulphide (CuCdS2) as potential absorber for thin film photovoltaics

Synthesis and characterizations of copper cadmium sulphide (CCS) thin films as potential absorber layer for low-cost thin films solar cells has been reported. Thin films of CCS were dip-coated from clear molecular ink consists of copper acetate, cadmium acetate and thiourea dissolved in methanol. Films were heated at 200 °C in air for 15 min. The effect of film thickness on the compositional, morphological, optical and electrical properties were investigated using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectrophotometer and Hall measurement system. Optical band gap of the films estimated from the Tauc relation was found to be ~2.3 eV. Films are compact and void free having interconnected spherical grains. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of hexagonal CCS without the formation of any secondary phases. The films are p-type and showed photoconductivity. Temperature variation of electrical conductivity of films measured in the temperature range from 300 to 475 K reveals nearest neighbour hopping (NNH) and thermionic emission (TE) over grain boundary (GB) barriers (GBB) below and above 400 K, respectively. Dip-coated CCS thin films found suitable for the fabrication of thin film solar cells at low cost.

Haematological Alterations in Kuroiler Chicks Exposed to Cadmium Acetate

The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of cadmium on the haematological profile of Kuroiler chicks. Kuroiler chick is a diseases resistance hybrid variety developed in India and is more promising than broilers etc., in terms of both the protein content of the meat and the benefits it has on the poultry industry. 10 days old Kuroiler chickens were exposed to a single sub lethal dose (7 mg/kg body weight) of cadmium acetate and different blood parameters were evaluated after 20 and 40 days of exposure. The different parameters were analyzed and calculated using standard methods and formula. It was noted that cadmium has an effect on all the blood parameters. Treated groups revealed significant suppression of total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and neutrophils. The total leucocyte count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils were found to be increased in treated groups. The drastic alterations in studied parameters indicated that cadmium has long term effect on the blood profile of chicken and thus ultimately affect the health status of the chick, the quality of meat and also hampers the poultry industry.

Umbrella-like CdS single crystal: exposed (002) facets and enhanced photocatalytic properties

We, herein, report the synthesis of umbrella-like CdS single crystal with exposed high-activity (002) facets first time by using a one-step hydrothermal method with cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), and its possible growth mechanism was discussed. As a contrast, CdS nanoparticles with different morphologies were also synthesized. The morphology, composition and photocatalytic property of as-synthesized samples were determined by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL and photocurrent tests, respectively. The results show that umbrella-like CdS under UV (20 min) and visible light (80 min) irradiation, the removal rate of rhodamine B was as high as 99.1% and 99.3%, respectively. Moreover, even though the particle size of umbrella-like CdS particle is larger than as-synthesized CdS nanospheres, it still shows excellent photocatalytic degradation activity due to its exposed high-energy (002) facets. And its excellent application prospects are conceivable. The current work provides a new paradigm in material morphology design, especially in the construction of highly active surfaces for photocatalysis and photoelectric conversion.

Novel Low Temperature Route to Produce CdS/ZnO Composite Nanofibers as Effective Photocatalysts

In this work, CdS/ZnO composite nanofibers (NFs) were prepared by the electrospinning of a sol–gel comprised of poly(caprolactone), zinc acetate dihydrate, cadmium acetate dihydrate, and ammonium sulfide. The electrospun NF mats were calcined under vacuum in an argon (Ar) atmosphere at 200 °C for 1 h. Standard physiochemical analysis techniques demonstrated the formation of the crystalline hexagonal phase of CdS and ZnO. Composite NFs showed good photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation compared to their counterparts. CdS nanoparticles, ZnO nanofibers, and composite NFs photodegraded 35.5%, 47.3%, and 90% of the MB dye, respectively, within 100 min. The reaction kinetics of MB photodegradation using the composite NFs followed the pseudo-first-order relation. Owing to their facile preparation and good photodegradation ability, the proposed method can be used to prepare various photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.

Microbial synthesized cadmium oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and protein leakage in bacterial cells

The bactericidal activity of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) offers extensive opportunities in bioengineering and biomedicines. Bioengineered transition metals used in various forms against lethal microbes. In this study, Cadmium Oxide nanoparticles (CdO-NPs) were prepared through the co-precipitation method using fungal strain Penicillium oxalicum and cadmium acetate solution. The structure and elemental composition of the prepared NPs were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Antibacterial activity was assessed through well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Shigella dysenteriae (S. dysenteriae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing sugars and protein leakage contribution was examined against selected strains. The XRD analysis proved that the synthesized CdO-NPs possess a crystalline structure with an average crystalline size of 40–80 nm. FTIR confirmed the presence of organic compounds on the particle surface, while UV showed stability of the particles. SEM and EDS confirmed that CdO-NPs were successfully prepared and spherical. The maximum zone of inhibition against S. dysenteriae and P. aeruginosa was found and showed a less optical density of 0.086 after 18 h. ROS, reducing sugar, and protein leakage assay showed a significant difference as compared to control. Based on the present study, it is recommended that microbial mediated synthesized nanoparticles can be used as biomedicines for the treatment of different types of bacterial infections.

Synthesis of pH Sensitive Dual Capped CdTe QDs: Their Optical Properties and Structural Morphology.

We herein report five different types of thiol dual capped cadmium tellurite quantum dots (CdTe QDs) namely glutathione-mercapto-propanoic acid (QD 1), glutathione-thiolglycolic acid (QD 2), L-cysteine-mercapto-propanoic acid (QD 3), L-cysteine- thiol-glycolic acid (QD 4) and mercapto-propanoic acid-thiol-glycolic (QD 5). Dual-capped CdTe QDs were prepared using a one pot synthetic method. Cadmium acetate and sodium tellurite were respectively used as cadmium and tellurium precursors. Photo-physical properties of the synthesized QDs were examined using UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy while structural characterization was performed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The influence of pH on QD characteristics (fluorescence intensity) was studied using phosphate and citrate buffers and continuous titration with HCl (0.1 N). UV-vis and photoluminescence spectra exhibited sharp absorption band edge with high intensities and improved colloidal stability. All the QDs were found to be in nano-size rang. TEM analysis revealed the presence of spherical nanoparticles while FTIR evidenced successful dual-capping of QDs. Upon pH changes, QDs 3 and 4 demonstrated more remarkable variations in fluorescence intensity than QDs 1 and 2. The pH-sensitivity of these QDs represents a promising feature for further development of potential theranostic nano-devices.

Fe3O4@saponin/Cd: a novel magnetic nano-catalyst for the synthesis of β-aminoketone derivatives

A novel recyclable magnetic core–shell nanoparticles Fe3O4@saponin/Cd was synthesized by the combination of nano-Fe3O4@saponin with cadmium acetate. The structure, magnetic features, and morphology of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) Fe3O4@saponin/Cd were studied totally via different experiments, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). It was found that the catalyst was active for the synthesis of β-aminoketone derivatives via one-pot three-component Mannich-type reactions of ketones, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines under eco-friendly solvent, at room temperature. Furthermore, this catalyst can be easily recovered magnetically and can be reused for other runs without any reduction in the activity.

Visible light irradiated photocatalytic performance of SnS2-CdO nanocomposite against the degradation of rhodamine B (cationic) and congo red (anionic) dyes

The present work focuses on the synthesis of pure SnS2 nanopowder, pure CdO nanopowder and SnS2-CdO nanocomposite by a cost effective chemical method using tin (II) chloride, thiourea and cadmium acetate as the precursor salts. The synthesized samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy and Electron spin resonance (ESR). Diffraction peaks related to both SnS2 and CdO was observed in the XRD pattern of the composite. Photocatalytic studies established that the composite exhibit a photodegradation efficiency of nearly equal to 86.11% against rhodamine B and 92.86% against congo red dyes. Also, the SnS2-CdO nanocomposite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity, from visible light water splitting.

Morphological and Electrical Properties of Capped CdSe Nanoparticles

In this study, cadmium selenide (CdSe) were synthesized by a chemical route process using complex agent ( tri sodium citrate ) as a ligand. cadmium acetate as a Cd source and Na2SeO3 as a Se precursor. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their compositional, morphological and electrical properties using FESEM, EDAX and I-V characterization.