Cadastral System Research Articles

Charakterystyka dokumentacji pruskiego katastru gruntowego i budynkowego w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Olsztynie

The Prussian land and building cadastre was introduced on May 21, 1861, under three laws that uni�fied the tax system throughout the Prussian state. According to the regulations, the cadastre was to be based on measurements and calculations. Because broad field surveys were not taken into account, cadastral maps drawn up at that time were most often copies of already existing land maps. In the 1930s, the Prussian state reorganized its surveying services, aimed at introducing a uniform system of land classification in the entire German state, and consequently a single cadastral system. As a result, a unified state cadre - the Reichkataster – was to be formed throughout Germany. Unfortunately, the work did not produce the desired effect and the Reichkataster was intro�duced only in 1941. Further work on the national cadastre was interrupted by the Second World War. The State Archive in Olsztyn holds the cadastral documentation from the area of the former Olsztyn district, the part of the Królewiec district (primarily the area which after the Second World War was within the borders of the Polish state) and the remains of the cadastral office in Węgorzewo. The full documentation from the area of the Królewiec district is presented, consisting of cadastral office files and 9 cadastral offices in Bartoszyce, Braniewo, Gierdawy, Kętrzyn, Lidzbark Warmiński, Morąg, Pasłęk, Pruska Iława and Święta Siekierka. There are 11222 cadastral maps in the file. This documentation is an important part of the pre-war resource of Olsztyn.

Cadastral and Tea Production Management System with Wireless Sensor Network, GIS based System and IoT Technology

Cadastral and tea production management system utilizing wireless sensor network of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is proposed. To improve efficiency of tea productions, cadastral management and tea production processes must be managed by Geographical Information System (GIS) based system. Through experiments with sensor acquired data, it is found that the required information can be estimated and represented efficiently. Thus, the system works for improvement of the tea production management and quality control.

Spatial Data Structure and Functionalities for 3D Land Management System Implementation: Israel Case Study

With the existence of mature technologies and modern urban planning necessities, there is a growing public demand to improve the efficiency and transparency of government administrations. This includes the formation of a comprehensive modern spatial land management (cadastre) system having the capacity to handle various types of data in a uniform way—above-terrain and below-terrain—enabling the utilization of land and space for various complex entities. To utilize existing knowledge and systems, an adaptive approach suggests extending and augmenting the existing 2D cadastre systems to facilitate 3D land management capabilities. Following a comprehensive examination of the Survey of Israel’s operative cadastral system that supports 2D land administration, it turned out that it is crucial to outline new concepts, modify existing terms and define specification guidelines. That is, to augment and provide full 3D support to the current operative cadastral system, and to create a common and uniform language for the various parties involved in the preparation of 2D and 3D mutation plans required for modern urban planning needs. This study refers to the legal and technical aspects of Survey of Israel’s CHANIT, which is the legal set of cadastral work processes specifications, focusing on database, data structure, functionality, and regulation gaps while emphasizing on 3D cadastral processes. The outcome is recommendations concerning data structure and functionalities needed to be addressed for the facilitation and implementation of an operative 3D land management system in Israel.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО ТУРИЗМУ ЗАКАРПАТСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Along with the folk crafts of the Transcarpathian region, an industrial tour is being developed in conjunction with industrial and natural objects that make up its resource potential. In the context of reforming economic relations, the emphasis is on the development of priority economic sectors – the forest and wood industry, light and food industries, the development of cross-border cooperation, recreation and tourism, etc. The main attention is paid to the further restructuring of the entire national economic complex, the involvement of domestic and foreign investments in the economy, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and the effective use of natural resource potential. It is proved that the condition of full awareness of tourists is the creation of a passport of an industrial tour, which includes ecological, technical, and cadastral. Tours on mines from salt mining, precious metals, sulfur mines, oil wells, mineral water, ozocerite, objects of the former military complex – rocket mines, storage facilities, warehouses, enterprises for processing raw materials and materials, folk crafts are promising the direction of development of industrial tourism in Transcarpathia. Industrial tourism, as part of the overall tourist process in Ukraine, can be directed at solving many socio-economic tasks of local communities, the most important among them is increase of employment, growth of its welfare, provision of socio-cultural development of the region and improvement of quality of life of people. Today, in order to increase the competitiveness of the region in the tourism industry, the cluster method, which was previously used only in industrial production, is used. A tourist cluster [5] is a key organizational framework that combines tourism and other related industries into a single system that enables the enterprises, institutions and organizations to meet the priority objectives and enhance the competitive advantages of the region. By creating such an association, financing and implementation of even very ambitious projects in the tourism sector could be provided, which would otherwise be impossible for each individual participant. The developed map of the territorial placement of centers of industrial tourism in the Transcarpathian region greatly simplifies the creation of an informative cadastral system and on its basis industrial tours. At the same time, the improvement of this system requires the systematic introduction of new information indicators, taking into account the change in structural and functional relationships between different departments. In general, Transcarpathia has an all-Ukrainian significance in the economic plan as a region with significant potential of the forest and wood industry, winemaking, vegetable growing, dairy industry, tobacco production, mineral waters.

Geospatial Web Services in Real Estate Information System

Since the data of cadastral records are of great importance for the economic development of the country, they must be well structured and organized. Records of real estate on the territory of Serbia met many problems in previous years. To prevent problems and to achieve efficient access, sharing and exchange of cadastral data on the principles of interoperability, domain model for real estate is created according to current standards in the field of spatial data. The resulting profile of the domain model for the Serbian real estate cadastre is based on the current legislation and on Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) which is specified in the ISO19152 standard. Above such organized data, and for their effective exchange, it is necessary to develop a model of services that must be provided by the institutions interested in the exchange of cadastral data. This is achieved by introducing a service-oriented architecture in the information system of real estate cadastre and with that ensures efficiency of the system. It is necessary to develop user services for download, review and use of the real estate data through the web. These services should be provided to all users who need access to cadastral data (natural and legal persons as well as state institutions) through e-government. It is also necessary to provide search, view and download of cadastral spatial data by specifying geospatial services. Considering that real estate contains geometric data for parcels and buildings it is necessary to establish set of geospatial services that would provide information and maps for the analysis of spatial data, and for forming a raster data. Besides the theme Cadastral parcels, INSPIRE directive specifies several themes that involve data on buildings and land use, for which data can be provided from real estate cadastre. In this paper, model of geospatial services in Serbia is defined. A case study of using these services to estimate which household is at risk of flooding using the Web Processing Service (WPS) spatial analysis is described.

Domain model for cadastral systems with land use component

Well-structured and organised cadastral records and cadastral maps are a prerequisite for improving land administration services. In recent years, numerous problems and issues associated with cadastral data have been encountered in Serbia and attempts to overcome these problems have been made. The integration of land registry data with cadastral data containing land use component usually results in inconsistencies in land administration databases. To address this problem, an appropriate domain model has been developed using the Unified Process methodology and considering the land administration domain model and other ISO 19000 standards. Examples of verifying land administration data integrity in relational and object-oriented data models are presented.

3D DIGITAL CADASTRE JOURNEY IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA

Abstract. Land development processes today have an increasing demand to access three-dimensional (3D) spatial information. Complex land development may need to have a 3D model and require some functions which are only possible using 3D data. Accordingly, the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM), as a national body in Australia provides leadership, coordination and standards for surveying, mapping and national datasets has developed the Cadastre 2034 strategy in 2014. This strategy has a vision to develop a cadastral system that enables people to readily and confidently identify the location and extent of all rights, restrictions and responsibilities related to land and real property. In 2014, the land authority in the state of Victoria, Australia, namely Land Use Victoria (LUV), has entered the challenging area of designing and implementing a 3D digital cadastre focused on providing more efficient and effective services to the land and property industry. LUV has been following the ICSM 2034 strategy which requires developing various policies, standards, infrastructures, and tools. Over the past three years, LUV has mainly focused on investigating the technical aspect of a 3D digital cadastre. This paper provides an overview of the 3D digital cadastre investigation progress in Victoria and discusses the challenges that the team faced during this journey. It also addresses the future path to develop an integrated 3D digital cadastre in Victoria.

Method for an automatic alignment of imagery and vector data applied to cadastral information in Poland

Nowadays, an important problem in combining vector data and imagery is that they rarely align. This problem can become particularly acute in the case of cadastral systems. In this study, and as part of the partnership between the Universities of Jaén and Adam Mickiewicz (Poznań), we provide a methodological proposal to assess the conflation procedures between cadastral vector data and imagery, improving the alignment between both data sets. To do this, we use an automatic alignment algorithm which detects road intersections from both data sets as control points by using image texture characterisation. With this method, we first train the system on the imagery to learn the road texture distribution, then we can obtain its segmentation according to its texture, and finally the system locates road intersection points. The last step is to align vector data and imagery by using different techniques. This algorithm is based on an earlier one, detailed in [Ruiz, J.J., Rubio, T.J., and Ureña, M.A., 2011b. Automatic extraction of road intersections from images in conflation processes based on texture characterization. Survey review, 43 (321), 212–225.]. However, in the updated version we have solved the problem of not-well-defined intersection points, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of intersection points employed for the final adjustment to align both products and in a reduction of the computation time. On the other hand, the positional uncertainty assessment of parcel boundary lines both before and after applying our alignment procedure between them is provided. With regard to the experimental results, in the case of Polish cadastral data this procedure allows for significant improvement in the alignment between imagery and cadastral parcels boundaries.

Human rights in tension: guiding cadastral systems development in customary land rights contexts

Land reform in South Africa has failed to meet its objectives. The intended beneficiaries often do not have their land reform needs met. Failures may be attributed to multiple sources. We propose a conceptual framework to assist governments conducting land reform projects. It draws on aspects of human rights, good governance, and pro-poor policy. Existing frameworks are combined with these aspects to derive the conceptual framework. By using the framework, development projects in South Africa and similar contexts may become more Successful, Sustainable, and Significant. The paper holds interest for land tenure and cadastral systems researchers and developers.

Understanding the future of the Finnish cadastral system – A Delphi study

Decision-makers in the field of land administration and surveying need a broad understanding of emerging developments that are expected to shape the future of the industry. This study examines the relative perceived importance of several megatrends in the context of cadastral systems. In addition, we discuss the implications of relevant megatrends for the Finnish cadastral system and synthesize the anticipated impacts into key points. Our results are based on a two-round Delphi survey among Finnish experts in cadastral systems. The respondents identified digital culture, ubiquitous intelligence, and a tendency towards transparency, accessibility, and open data as the most important megatrends shaping the future of the Finnish cadastral system. Technological megatrends were also expected to have major impacts on the Finnish cadastral system by 2035. According to the panel technological advances will shape user preferences in the future. They anticipate that new forms of public services and collaboration between the public and private sectors in producing cadastral information will emerge by 2035. Our results indicate that Finnish experts view the development of the cadastral system as a technology-driven process.

Generic land registry and cadastre data model supporting interoperability based on international standards for Turkey

Managing land information effectively is a key factor in achieving successful land administration and sustainable land development. To manage land, each government has a land policy and administration system. A land administration system (LAS) enables identification, registration and sharing of information about land in compliance with land policies by using information technologies effectively. In this context, land information systems (LISs) are designed to fulfill the requirements related to land, to provide tenure assurance and to manage natural resources sustainably. In Turkey, the necessity of information technologies and geographic information systems (GIS) was recognised by public institutions in the early 1990s. The Land Registry and Cadastre Information System Project (TAKBIS in Turkish) started to manage land registry and cadastre data and processes throughout Turkey. By using a standard framework, the project aimed to digitise land registry and cadastre data and to perform all activities and queries in a digital environment. However, the project did not reach the expected level of success because the data infrastructure was not standardised and did not meet the data requirements of other stakeholders at the national and international level.On the other hand, studies of a new e-government project called Turkish National GIS (TUCBS in Turkish) was initiated to establish a national geographic data infrastructure (GDI) which allows efficient management of geographic data and corresponds to national-level user requirements and Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) specifications. In this study, to provide data interoperability among different institutions and meet stakeholder needs, the data model of the Land Registry and Cadastre Data Theme is examined and improved. Within the design process, the ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and INSPIRE Cadastral Parcels are examined and applied as the baseline international standards. In addition, main land and land group parcel types in the Turkish cadastral system, the main rights, restrictions and responsibilities related to land in the Turkish registration system, mortgages established over rights, cadastral maps, standard subdivision of two-dimensional (2D) space with special names, surveyed point and monumentation types were explained briefly within the revised land registry and cadastre data model. As a case study, data sets from different sources were transformed to open data sets compatible with the model. This model enables data interoperability in land-related applications. However, models should be kept as simple as possible for effective data transformation and management.

INTEGRATION OF SPATIAL DATA REPRESENTING BUILDINGS BY DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF SIMILARITY

Spatial data integration is the process of combining heterogeneous data to make them compatible, maintain data accuracy and actuality, minimize redundancy, and avoid data conflicts. Identification of spatial objects is one of the most important tasks in spatial data integration. In this paper, we propose to use determination of the similarity measures for assessment of spatial object identification. The result is an implementation of the proposed procedure into the geographic information system. In the case study we update the ZBGIS® database by the data from the real estate cadastre system. The innovation of the presented method is that the proposed process and the new implemented software tools are based on determination of the similarity measures such as the Dice similarity index and the Jaccard similarity coefficient with its modification as the Tanimoto similarity coefficient.

Determining strategies for the cadastre 2034 vision using an AHP-Based SWOT analysis: A case study for the turkish cadastral and land administration system

This study aimed to identify the current land management and cadastre system in Turkey and determine the most appropriate strategy for integrating the current structure with the principles of the Cadastre 2034 vision. In this work, the legal, institutional, and technical (LIT) status of the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey was determined using a method based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Initially, the advantages or weaknesses of the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey in terms of LIT aspects, opportunities, and threats arising from the external environment were determined by the SWOT matrix. Then, the information obtained concerning the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey using this matrix was integrated into AHP and the most appropriate strategy was determined in terms of LIT aspects. For the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey, from the legal point of view, the best strategy with a weighting of 30% was to ‘update the land administration legislation according to the conditions of the day’. The best strategy in terms of institutionalization was to ‘disseminate in-vocational training for the training of qualified personnel (28% weighting)’ and the best strategy from the technical perspective was identified as, ‘the use of technical and technologically advanced measurement techniques in spatial data collection (38% weighting)’. The goal in implementing the AHP-Based SWOT method is to improve the quantitative information basis of strategic planning processes. So, SWOT provides the basic outline within which to perform an analysis of the decision situation, and the AHP assists in carrying out SWOT more analytically and in elaborating the analysis so that alternative strategic decisions can be prioritised.

Cadastral system in the Russian Federation after the modern transformation

The paper presents the notion and procedure of cadastral registration of land and real property objects in the Russian Federation. Russia has gone through significant changes in cadastre over the last dozen years. Introduction of the State Real Property Cadastre Act in 2007 was a corner stone in this regard. Today, the cadastre encompasses all types of real property. The goal of this paper is to present the modern cadastre in the Russian Federation, which has been introduced to keep record of real property. Additionally, the cadastre collects information on the number, surface area, quality and use of land and other real property objects. Data in the state register are used to carry out administrative tasks, protect and use land in an effective manner, plan agricultural management and also to ensure proper location and specialisation of production. The study has shown that the cadastre implemented in Russia essentially achieves its goals and completes the tasks it was given, but its organisation requires further development and improvement.

Trends of land system in Ukraine

The organization of land use in different countries is characterized by a variety of land system types, those proved their effectiveness in certain countries, but not are necessarily as effective in others. The objective factors that led to the emergence of various models of the land system, include socio-economic, historical, ethnic, cultural, natural and other features of different countries and peoples that inhabit them. During 1991-2016 years,Ukraineestablished basics of a new land order and the respective land relations and the system of market-oriented land use, especially in agriculture. It is characterized by: a new legal and regulatory framework, different types of ownership of land and other natural resources, a multi-structure and paid land use, providing public with land parcels, initiated the establishment of a market-oriented system of state land cadastre, including registration of land parcels and rights to them. So, modern land transformations in Ukraine, which laid the basics of a new land order, requires the development of new approaches to land use management at different hierarchical levels of general land planning throughout the country. It caused by many reasons. Primarily: setting the state boundaries and bounds of administrative units; development of different types of land ownership; increased numbers of new landowning and land tenure of citizens, enterprises, institutions and associations up to more than 23 million; need for separation of state and municipal property for land; establishment of payment for land use; specification of legal and functional status of land and of various restrictions, encumbrances and easements to each individual land parcel. It is hard to overemphasize the importance of work on land-use planning at different hierarchical levels and general land management in modern conditions. Particularly acute need of land planning in urban and agricultural land use sectors of the country. Thus, the strategic development of land reforms and bringing them to a new level - the volume and long-term task that requires scientific substantiation of a rational state land policy. The study justified that the land order - a land system, i.e. a set of measures for the territorial organization of land and other natural resources of the country, land relations, that is determined by system of ownership and use of land, as well as by the principles of organization of territory. In the process of land reform the land system have been changed several times: from the system of administrative-territorial division and respective to it forms of land use and methods of land use (collective and state farms) as of year 1990, to the system of the administrative-territorial division with the respective forms of land ownership (state, collective, private) and the forms and methods of land use (collective and state farms, collective farms, peasant (farmer) farms, subsidiary farms, collective gardens, agricultural research institutions, subsidiary agriculture enterprices, etc.) as of 1991 - 2001. As of the 2002 - 2016 , the land order in Ukraine was defined: by the natural-resource-based division and natural-economic-based division (zoning); by the administrative-territorial division; by the forms of land ownership (state, municipal, property of foreign countries, co-ownership, private ownership of individuals and of legal entities); by the forms and methods of land use (for example, in agriculture there were the non-state agricultural enterprises such as collective, cooperative, corporate (agricultural holdings), companies, private-rental farms, subsidiary farms, private (family and individual), state and municipal scientific research and others). Today, due to the decentralization of power, the new model for land order is developed, which will be presented in subsequent studies. Keywords . Land system, administrative-territorial structure, forms of land ownership, land use

The study of land management and geographic information support of municipal building in Ukraine

The urgent problems and methods of land management and geoinformation support of the municipal building branch for the development of Ukrainian settlements according to the cities of leading European countries are considered in the article. The methodology of keeping and control of municipal building cadastre under the modern conditions at regional, state and world levels is elaborated. The approaches to land management and creation of municipal building cadastre and main principles of the work in cadastre system of Ukrainian cities were systematized and generalized; the possibilities of the solution of practical tasks as to information systems in general geoinformation system of municipal building cadastre were established. It was established, that the specificity of information system that provides the municipal building decisions is not only in data structure but in the necessity to involve the retrospective and forecasting data along with actualized ones that is a function of municipal building data bank.

The urban cadastre today: comparative analysis

The experience of creation and functioning of the urban cadastre as a structural element of modern highly developed state abroad is analyzed. It is found out that in the European Union virtually absent analogues of the urban cadastre in our understanding. However, there are widespread cadastral systems, that solve problems of registration and storage of information on real property, as well as planning restrictions and easements. In the states of the former Soviet Union (especially the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Belarus) town-planning cadastre is developed in forms that are close to the Ukrainian model. Since the formation of the urban cadastre system in Ukraine is in its infancy, so there is a possibility of using the experience of foreign countries with their achievements and mistakes that can be avoided.

CAPITAL OF LAND AND FOREST RESOURCES OF UKRAINE

Goals of using capital of land and forest resources are: accounting of the cost of land and forest resources as a part of economic assets, the creation of an effective system of cadastre; rational use of resources and their securitization; corporatization rights of use; definition of land and forest capital as the tax base; implementation of innovative forms of land and property and forest resource management; substantiation of strategies for socio-economic development of regions and local communities.

Scenario-based strategy selection for a sustainable cadastral system development program – a case study of Sri Lanka

Scenario-based strategy selection, widely applied to organisational strategic planning and business prognostication, is highly appropriate for cadastral system development exercises. This study elaborately discussed such an example with a case study of Sri Lanka. The aims of this paper are; (1) develop a framework that can be used to formulate strategies for long-term cadastral system development, (2) build scenarios framing the future of a cadastral system development in Sri Lanka in the year 2020, and (3) derive strategies for sustainable cadastral system development in Sri Lanka. It is not a static process and needs dynamic monitoring and adjustment for establishing a valid approach.

Three-dimensional cadastre modelling of customary real property rights

Although repealed from legislation, customary rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) deriving, inter alia, from religious, cultural and historical background still impact real estate property. Such RRRs may constitute complex, overlapping properties not easily accommodated within contemporary cadastral infrastructure. Peculiarities regarding customary law-derived properties’ geometry and contradictions to statutory legislation result in difficulties integrating them to national cadastral systems. This paper investigates the status of customary law-derived RRRs, presenting a three-dimensional modelling and recording application for the Hellenic Cadastre, adjusting Land Administration Domain Model, examined through implementation on two cases of special real property objects in Greece.