Cadastral Boundaries Research Articles

Establishing an urban digital cadastre: analytical reconstruction of parcel boundaries

A new method for generating a spatially accurate, legally supportive and operationally efficient cadastral database of the urban cadastral reality is described. The definition and compilation of an accurate cadastral database (achieving a standard deviation smaller than 0.1 m) is based on an analytical reconstruction of cadastral boundaries rather than on the conventional field reconstruction process. The new method is based on GPS control points and traverse networks for providing the framework; the old field books for defining the links between the various original ground features; and a geometrical and cadastral adjustment process as the conceptual basis. A pilot project that was carried out in order to examine and evaluate the new method is described.

Land surveying in Latvia

Since regaining independence in 1991 the massive job of resurveying all land boundaries in Latvia has almost been completed. All boundary corners are coordinated which allows easy integration of cadastral boundaries into Geographic Information Systems. This paper outlines the surveying process in Latvia today, as well as giving an historical overview which reveals why Latvia uses a coordinated cadastre.

Land Surveying in Latvia

Since regaining independence in 1991 the massive job of resurveying all land boundaries in Latvia has almost been completed. All boundary corners are coordinated which allows easy integration of cadastral boundaries into Geographic Information Systems. This paper outlines the surveying process in Latvia today, as well as giving an historical overview which reveals why Latvia uses a coordinated cadastre.

Can we bring about a perennuially peopled and productive countryside

This paper is a reflection on the workshop Agriculture as a Mimic of Natural Systems. It analyses what is essential for protecting agricultural land from degradation, including enabling features of the social context. It looks at how natural systems maintain a stable landscape, and explores ways in which pertinent features of natural systems can be copied in agriculture to help solve particular problems of land degradation, such as: erosion; hydrologic instability and the often associated secondary salinity; and chemical imbalances, such as those leading to excessive acidity. The conservative practices that many farmers have recently adopted are in several respects based on attributes of natural systems, but the mosaic nature of land is one important aspect that has not yet strongly influenced practices, which are often too strongly tied to cadastral boundaries.

Mean high water as a cadastral boundary

New Zealand coastal management is diffused through many, seldom consistent agencies and statutes. At some coastal developments, erosion has developed and property losses occurred. Progress has been made in predicting erosion potential, but with limited successful application. Evaluation of the problem requires some knowledge of beach dynamics. Mean High Water lies within a continuously mobile fore-shore and falls short of criteria for a cadastral boundary. It is not suitable as the general limit of land and is particularly inappropriate in some cases. Some other system is required, established for specific sites and using appropriate expertise. New perceptions reflecting current demands of coastal boundaries are needed. The surveyor's role in establishing new directions and delineation technology is significant.

A base mapping program for Wyandotte County, Kansas (a multipurpose land records information system)

Wyandotte County, Kansas, has developed a parcel-level land records system over the past 10 years, accomplished primarily by the staff of the County Base Mapping Program. The graphic component of the system is a digital map of the boundaries of ownership parcels based on recorded deeds. The non-graphic component is a common data base with records on land parcels, designed to be easily accessible, easily maintained, flexible for new applications and expandable for new data elements. The positions of parcel boundaries in the digital map have been reconciled with the positions of all planimetric features shown on the large-scale topographic base maps. However, the mapping of boundaries is only gradually being reconciled with the legal descriptions of the properties, as the results of new surveys or other reviews of the legal records become available. This incremental approach to accuracy in mapping of cadastral boundaries has allowed the County to complete its digital map relatively quickly with sufficient accuracy for most users, while continuing to improve the precision of the map for eventual use for legal or engineering records which require higher standards. Topological relationships among parcels are recorded in the digitizing process, but the topology has been used to date only for editing of the digitized point data.

High Accuracy Photogrammetric Determinations Using Image Deformation Corrections

This paper summarizes considerations related to the use of photogrammetric procedures for the surveying of cadastral boundaries and for the densification of control point nets. It gives an overview of a number of analytical aerial triangulation results and examines the effectiveness of various procedures for the elimination of the effects of image errors. Sources of image errors and procedures for the correction of the effects of these errors are also reviewed.