Cacao Shell Research Articles

A Review of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Characterization, Production, and Application from Waste

The search for alternatives to petrochemical plastics has intensified, with increasing attention being directed toward bio-based polymers (bioplastics), which are considered healthier and more environmentally friendly options. In this review, a comprehensive overview of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is provided, including their characterization, applications, and the mechanisms underlying their biosynthesis. PHAs are natural polyesters produced by a wide range of prokaryotic and some eukaryotic organisms, positioning them as a significant and widely studied type of bioplastic. Various strategies for the production of PHAs from agroindustrial waste, such as cacao shells, cheese whey, wine, wood, and beet molasses, are reviewed, emphasizing their potential as sustainable feedstocks. Industrial production processes for PHAs, including the complexities associated with extraction and purification, are also examined. Although the use of waste materials offers promise in reducing costs and environmental impact, challenges remain in optimizing these processes to enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The need for continued research and development to improve the sustainability and economic viability of PHA production is emphasized, positioning PHAs as a viable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics.

Extraction, Identification, and Quantification of Polyphenols from the Theobroma cacao L. Fruit: Yield vs. Environmental Friendliness.

The cacao fruit is a rich source of polyphenols, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, which possess significant health benefits. The accurate identification and quantification of these bioactive compounds extracted from different parts of the cacao fruit, such as pods, beans, nibs, and cacao shells, require specific treatment conditions and analytical techniques. This review presents a comprehensive comparison of extraction processes and analytical techniques used to identify and quantify polyphenols from various parts of the cacao fruit. Additionally, it highlights the environmental impact of these methods, exploring the challenges and opportunities in selecting and utilizing extraction, analytical, and impact assessment techniques, while considering polyphenols' yield. The review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge that can guide future decisions for those seeking to obtain polyphenols from different parts of the cacao fruit.

Optimization of experimental conditions using central composite design for rifampicin removal

This research aims to optimize the impact of parametric conditions on the adsorption process of rifampicin, a drug used in tuberculosis treatment. The study specifically focuses on activated carbon derived from waste generated by a food processing facility, namely cacao shells (CS). Referred to as ACAFW (Activated Carbon Alimentary Factory Waste), the study utilizes a three-factor central composite design (CCD) experimental approach. The investigation is further connected to a parametric study aimed at verifying the effectiveness of the CCD model. Optimal treatment conditions were identified, including a pH of 6, an adsorbent dose of 0.3 g, and an antituberculosis concentration of 10 mg/L. These conditions demonstrated a close alignment between the obtained results (pH of 5.96, ACAFW dose of 0.328 g, and rifampicin concentration of 11.64 mg/L). The study employs a combination of the density functional theory (DFT) approach and infrared (IR) analysis to unravel the structure of rifampicin. Additionally, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses were conducted on the material. ACAFW showcased surface areas exceeding 1394 m2/g, and a microporous volume of 0.400 cm³/g. The results from the kinetic study imply that the adsorption process is influenced by competition between internal and external diffusion.

Characterization and utilization of cacao shell powder as a biofiller in natural rubber composite

The cacao shell, a by-product of the chocolate industry, is considered a waste and is normally discarded. This work aims to study the feasibility of using cacao shell powder (CSP) as a biofiller in rubber applications. The CSP was initially prepared, characterized, and incorporated into natural rubber (NR) at different loadings. Its reinforcement was compared with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and carbon black (CB). The results showed that CSP had a relatively large average particle size (∼152 μm) and, thus, a very small specific surface area (4.5 m2/g). It mostly consisted of organic substances like cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, proteins, etc. When incorporated into NR, both scorch time and optimal cure time decreased due to the existence of nitrogen-containing compounds, whereas hardness and modulus increased gradually with increasing CSP loading due to the dilution effect. At a given loading, CSP showed shorter scorch and cure times with greater hardness and modulus than CaCO3, indicating its greater cure activation ability and higher reinforcement magnitude. However, its reinforcement was far lower than that of carbon black. The maximum tensile strength was found at 30 phr of CSP loading, with a value of approximately 19.2 MPa, which was about 3% higher than that of CaCO3 but approximately 19% lower than CB. The findings suggest that, like other inert fillers, CSP can be employed for cost-reduction purposes in many applications where exceptionally high strengths are not essential, such as rubber bands, rubber flooring, rubber mats for livestock, etc.

Impact of pectin edible coating extracted from cacao shell powder on postharvest quality attributes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit during storage

Impact of pectin edible coating extracted from cacao shell powder on postharvest quality attributes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit during storage

Co-compost biochar as a soil ameliorant: improvement of soil chemical characteristics and maize yield in Ultisol

Adding co-compost biochar could increase the effectiveness of ameliorant compared to biochar and manure. The research aim was to measure the effectiveness of co-compost biochar to improve soil chemical properties and maize yields in Ultisol. The field study at Taman Bogo Research Station was conducted for two planting seasons (December 2017–July 2018) with treatments: 1) control, 2) cacao shell (CS) biochar (BC), 3) corncob (CC) BC, 4) co-compost CS BC, 5) co-compost CC BC and 6) manure, with four replicates and a 10 t ha−1 dose of ameliorant. The results showed that co-compost biochar CS and CC for two planting seasons (PS) increased pH, total N, K, Ca, and decreased Al. However, the application of BC CS resulted in a more significant improvement in the soil’s chemical characteristics. The dry grain from the biochar and co-compost BC application increased significantly (7.41 t ha−1 in PS1 and 6.73 t ha−1 in PS2) compared to the control (4.46 t ha−1 PS1 and 3.82 t ha−1 PS2), but BC CS and co-compost CS gave more stable results. The co-compost biochar formulation was more effective in improving acidic soil and maize productivity when biochar was produced from the low-quality feedstock.

Utilization of Adsorbent Cocoa Shell For Purification of Used Cooking Oil

Cooking oil, triglycerides that is liquid at room temperature, is one of important foodstuffs. Repeated use of cooking oil might decrease the quality of the oil and leads to negative impacts on health. An alternative method to treat used cooking oil is adsorption with cacao shell. This present study aims to find out the influences of adsorbent and size variation of cacao peels as the adsorbent on the reduction of free fatty acid, peroxide numbers and water content in used cooking oil. The test parameters of this study were the reduction of free fatty acids by alkalimetric titration; peroxide number by iodometric titration; and content of water by oven-drying method. In the present study, cacao nibs were used as an absorbent to reduce the levels of free fatty acid, water, and peroxide number with variety sizes of the particle, such as 100 mesh and 120 mesh: and 8-hour contact time. The results of the present study indicated a decrease in free fatty acid from 0,448% to 0,327% dan 0,278%; the initial water content of 0,020% decreased to 0,010% and 0,009%; the peroxide number changed from 15,3 meq O2/kg to 3,25 meq O2/kg and 1,25 meq O2/kg. Based on the results, the absorbent that has the optimum adsorption is the 120 mesh particle size of adsorbent.

Synthesis of high surface area activated carbon derived from cocoa pods husk by hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation using zinc chloride as activating agent

As an important plant commodity, cacao (Theobroma cacao L) plantation generates large of waste since only its beans utilized to produce chocolate or cocoa powder. The cacao shell waste, called cocoa pods husk (CPH) was investigated as a precursor for activated carbon (AC) synthesis. This present study reported the potential of CPH as a precursor for AC production with large surface area using ZnCl2 as activating agent. In addition, our group is the first who investigated ACs synthesis by hydrothermal carbonization of CPH followed by chemical activation with ZnCl2 as an activating agent. The effect of carbonization temperature was investigated to the ACs produced. The results showed that both of FTIR and XRD analysis confirm the ACs formation. Chemical transformation from CPH to hydrochars were captured in FTIR spectra by much decreased of C-O spectra and CC spectra in hydrochars. There was not much different between hydrochar spectra at different carbonization temperature. The yield of HCs decreased from 63.16% to 57.44% and ACs was decreased from 29.69% to 23.69 % as carbonization temperatures increased. ACs produced with mesopores structure, in the range of 2–3 nm. By increasing the hydrothermal carbonization temperature from 200 to 225 °C the surface area increased significantly from 1,165 to 1,694 m2/g. These properties allow the application of ACs for various fields.

Bioactive compounds and techno-functional properties of high-fiber co-products of the cacao agro-industrial chain

The cacao shell (CS) and cacao pod husk (CPH), two of the most promising high-fiber co-products of the cacao agro-industrial chain, were evaluated to determine their potential incorporation into food products. This research determined bioactive compounds and techno-functional properties of CS and CPH, and was evaluated the enzymatic inactivation by thermal treatments in CPH. We found that CS is rich in protein, lipids, dietary fiber (48.1 ± 0.3 g 100 gdw−1), and antioxidant molecules such as epicatechin (1.10 ± 0.02 mg g−1) and isoquercetin (1.04 ± 0.09 mg g−1). Moreover, in CS a positive effect of hydration mechanism occur; in fact, it was observed a reduction of Lightness (L∗) value and a remarkable color difference (ΔE∗,18.8 ± 0.7) (CIEL∗a∗b∗ color space), between hydrated and dry CS samples; so, it could be used as a potential natural colorant in foods. CPH resulted equally rich in dietary fiber (35.3–37.4%) and flavonoids (2.9 ± 0.1 mg RE g−1); in this co-product, the rapid enzymatic inactivation by thermal treatments was essential to obtain the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenols content; regarding the techno-functional properties, it was found that CPH flour had high hydration capacity, so CPH can use it as a replacement for emulsifiers or water holding additives while incorporating the fiber and abundantly found antioxidants.

Utilization of cacao shell biochar and compost to improve cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in acid upland

Acid upland is considered a potential area for horticulture crop such as cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of cacao shell biochar and compost to soil properties and the productivity of cayenne pepper in acid upland. This research was conducted in Taman Bogo research station, Lampung Province, Indonesia in 2017. This research used a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P0: control (no soil ameliorant and mulch), P1: biochar 20 t ha−1, P2: P1+ mulch, P3: compost 20 t ha−1, P4: P3+mulch, P5: biochar+compost (1:1) 20 t ha−1, and P6: P5+mulch. The raw material of biochar was cacao shell, while compost was manure. The result showed that soil bulk density of biochar, compost, and a combination of biochar and compost treatment lower than control. Biochar with and without compost have soil water content higher than other treatments. Moreover, biochar with and without compost were increase pH, reduce exchangeable Al level, increase C and N content also increase cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation. The use of biochar and compost had positive effects on plant height, the diameter of canopies, and crop yields.

Effects of residual biochar amendment on soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, crop yield and N2O emissions reduction in acidic upland rice of East Lampung

Previous studies have been recognized that biochar addition to poor soil may lead to improve soil and crop productivity, also reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the results were varied and the mechanisms were not clear. Two rates of rice husk (RH) and cacao shell (CS) biochar namely 0 and 15 t ha−1 were applied to soil, to investigate the effect of RH and CS biochar on soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, crop yield, and N2O emissions reduction on upland rice at acidic soil of East Lampung. It was residual effect study; biochar was applied only in the first planting season of 2012. In addition, N2O emissions from the soil were monitored with close chamber method. The result showed that 15 t ha−1 CS biochar treatment was the best treatment, resulted 1.21 t ha−1 yield. Meanwhile on 15 t ha−1 RH biochar treatment was only 0.22 t ha−1. However, no significance difference on both nutrient uptake and N2O emissions among the treatments. N2O emissions from RH and CS biochar treatment were reduced 26% and 21% compare to control. Our result proposed that CS biochar may use as soil amendment, to improve crop productivity and also to combat climate change.

Optimization and Kinetics of Bioadsorption of Aqueous Potassium Permanganate in Charred Cacao Shells

In this study, charred cacao shells were tested for their capability as bioadsorbent for aqueous potassium permanganate. Optimization of adsorption parameters showed that the best amount of adsorbent is 0.5% w of cacao biochar/v of 0.005 N aqueous KMnO4 with a removal efficiency of 98.79%, and the optimum particle size is 212 mm, with a corresponding removal efficiency of 99.76%. Kinetics studies showed that the adsorption fits a pseudo-first order reaction with R2 = 0.9833. Lastly, the adsorption data fits the Elovich isotherm with R2 = 0.9712, which strongly suggests a multi-layer chemisorption on a heterogenous surface. Conclusively, the charred cacao shells were found to be effective as an adsorbent of aqueous potassium permanganate. Furthermore, the resulting product of adsorption can be used to study adsorption of other substances due to its multi-layer nature.

The antimicrobial effectiveness of cacao shell and cacao husk combination on inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in food products

Cocoa shell and cocoa husk are the waste from the processing of cocoa beans whose utilization has not been done optimally. The cocoa shell and cocoa husk contain phytochemical compounds which are potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food products. The aim of this study is to find the ratio of cocoa shell extracts and cocoa husk extracts that most effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. The method used experimental research followed by Randomized Block Design Factorial Pattern with 9 treatments and 3 replication. The treatment consists of two factors. The first factor was 3 types of extract (1:1, 2:3 and 3:2) and the second factor was 3 bacteria types (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp). The result showed that the extract mixture of cocoa shell and cocoa husk didn’t provide interaction effects, but provided an independent effect to inhibit the various types of bacteria. The comparison of 3:2 w/w of cocoa shell and cocoa husk extract contain phenol 0.063% and flavonoid 0.0191% gave the most effective inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli with a diameter of inhibition zone 5.84 mm (resistant), Staphylococcus aureus 4.04 mm (resistant) and Salmonella sp. 21.00 mm (sensitive) and was able to reduce the total bacteria of Escherichia coli 7.67 log CFU/ml (6.19%), Staphylococcus aureus 7.06 log CFU/ml (13.65%) and Salmonella sp. 6.49 log CFU/ml (20.62%). Phytochemical tests showed that cocoa shell extract and cocoa husk extract containing phenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tannin, and alkaloid.

Direct sulfonation of cacao shell to synthesize a solid acid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol

Solid acid catalyst (SAC) was synthesized via direct treatment of cacao shells (CS) with concentrated sulfuric acid at varying temperature (80, 100, 120 °C) and time (4, 6, 8 h) settings. The synthesized catalysts were found to have sulfonic acid density ranging from 0.6326 to 0.8500 mmol SO3H/g dry CS-SAC and total acid density from 6.0509 to 7.1165 mmol H+/g dry CS-SAC. The catalytic activity is dependent on the sulfonic acid density of the catalyst. Catalyst synthesized at 120 °C for 6 h showed the highest sulfonic acid density (0.85 mmol SO3H/g catalyst) corresponding to highest catalytic activity (5.73 mmol OA converted/mmol SO3H·h) and a conversion of ∼39% after a fixed reaction time of 4 h and carried out at 65 °C. Conversions of up to 76% could be achieved after 24 h. The catalyst was reused for 4 cycles and was able to retain 78% of its catalytic activity from the 2nd to the 4th cycle. Direct sulfonation may be an alternative to conventional synthesis process.

Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi Gogo di Lahan Kering Masam melalui Aplikasi Pembenah Tanah Biochar Limbah Pertanian

The opportunity to improve upland rice production on acid mineral soil is still high. However, the main problem of this soil is high soil acidity that inhibit crop growth, causing low production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agricultural waste biochar application on upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and improvement of acid mineral soil properties. The study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Tamanbogo, East Lampung on July-October 2013 (session 1), December 2013-April 2014 (session 2), May-August 2014 (session 3) and October 2014-February 2015 (session 4). The experimental design was split plot design, which the main plots were two types of biochar (cacao shell and rice husk), the sub plots were biochar rates (0; 5 t/ha and 15 t/ha) with five replications. The parameters measured were upland rice growth, yield and soil properties (Bulk density, soil pH and Al3+). The result showed that during the four planting seasons, the addition of cocoa shell biochar resulted better response on upland rice growth and yield compare to rice husk biochar, with crop yield of 2.54-3.97 t/ha dry grain. The dose of 5 and 15 t/ha biochar provided a stable yield and improvement of dry grain around 74.02-179.4% compare to no biochar addition for three consecutive sessions. The cocoa shell biochar applications showed better response on soil acidity (increase soil pH and reduce Al3+ ) and soil bulk density compared to rice husk. In degraded acid mineral soil, upland rice productivity and soil properties improvement can be increased by adding of 15 t/ha cacao shell biochar with a dose of 15 t / ha for getting dry grain more optimal.

Using pine and cocoa waste with pyrolysis technology by liquid smoke, charcoal and bio char

In this research, the pyrolysis proceeded at five destilate temperature, ie. 115 until 515°C.Targeted results of this study was to use liquid smoke, charcoal, oil, and gas produced from Biomass (Pine wood and Cacao shell) waste through fast pyrolysis technology, so the charcoal can be used potentially as bio fuelleather raw material analysis showed that leather raw material for wood pine analysis showed that the lignin content 26,06%, and so, 49,23% alpha cellulose and hemicelluloses content of 23,62%. and lignin content cacao waste 46,82%, so 26,73% alpha cellulose and hemicelluloses content of 4,86%.GC-MS results showed that liquid smoke each source contains different compounds. Different types of compounds found in liquid smoke from pine waste condensate such as acid (4 types), keton (10), alcohol(1), phenol(1), esters(3), quaiacol(1), aldehyde (1).furfural (1) and so on. And Cacao waste such acid (3 types), keton (7), alcohol (3), Alkana (1), Levoglucosan (1), resorcin (1), and so on. Identification of liquid smoke from the hazelnut shell by GC-MS yield potential chemical components including products levoglucosan and hydroxy methyl furfural as Biofuel and chemical raw material.FTIR analysis results for charcoal pine shell can be seen in Table 1shows. Changes in aromatic peak at 1579 cm− 1 shows that it contains lignin. 1159,1cm−1 indicated dehydration and depolymerization of cellulose and hemicelluloses content. Wave number3423 cm-1 shows hydroxyl group. FTIR analysis results for charcoal cacao l can be seen Changes in aromatic peak at 1585 cm−shows that it contains lignin. 1111 cm−1 indicated dehydration and depolymerization of cellulose and hemicelluloses content The wave number 3406 cm-1 shows hydroxyl group. Pyrolysis technology may reduce carbon emission.Each of the ten challenges was presented with a review of relevant literature followed by future directions which can ultimately lead to technological eco friendly that would facilitate commercialization of pyrolytic biochar.

Cation exchange capacity of biochar: An urgent method modification

Biochar, produced through pyrolysis of organic matter, is negatively charged, thus contributing to electrostatic adsorption of cations. However, due to its porous structure and contents of alkaline ashes, the determination of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) is challenging. Literature values for the CEC of biochar are surprisingly variable and are often poorly reproducible, suggesting methodological problems. Here, we modify and critically assess different steps in the existing ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) method (pH 7), where ammonium (NH4+) is displaced by potassium chloride (KCl), following removal of excess NH4OAc with isopropanol, in batch mode. We used pigeon pea biochar to develop the method and conducted a test on three additional biochars with different acid neutralizing capacity. A pretreatment step of biochar was introduced, using diluted hydrochloric acid, to decrease biochar pH to near neutral, so that 1 M NH4OAc effectively buffers the biochar suspension pH at 7. This allows the CEC of all biochars to be determined at pH 7, which is crucial for biochar comparison. The dissolution of ashes may cause relatively large weight losses (e.g. for cacao shell biochar), which need to be accounted for when computing the CEC of raw biochar. The sum of NH4OAC-extractable base cations provided a smaller and better estimate of the CEC than KCl-extractable NH4+. We hypothesize that the overestimation of the CEC based on KCl-extractable NH4+ is due to the ineffectiveness of the relatively large isopropanol molecules to remove excess NH4OAc in biochars rich in micro-pores, due to size exclusion. The amount of base cations removed in the pretreatment was about three (rice husk biochar) to ten times (pigeon pea biochar) greater than the amount of exchangeable cations. The CEC values of biochar increased from 10.8 cmol/Kg carbon to 119.6 cmol/Kg carbon. These values are smaller than reported CEC values of soil organic carbon.

Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an Indonesian Ultisol

Low fertility limits crop production on acidic soils dominating much of the humid tropics.Biochar may be used as a soil enhancer, but little consensus exists on its effect on crop yield. Here we use a controlled, replicated and long-term field study in Sumatra, Indonesia, to investigate the longevity and mechanism of the effects of two contrasting biochars (produced from rice husk and cacao shell, and applied at dosages of 5 and 15tha−1) on maize production in a highly acidic Ultisol (pHKCl3.6).Compared to rice husk biochar, cacao shell biochar exhibited a higher pH (9.8 vs. 8.4), CEC (197 vs. 20cmolckg−1) and acid neutralizing capacity (217 vs. 45cmolckg−1) and thus had a greater liming potential. Crop yield effects of cacao shell biochar (15tha−1) were also much stronger than those of rice husk biochar, and could be related to more favorable Ca/Al ratios in response to cacao shell biochar (1.0 to 1.5) compared to rice husk biochar (0.3 to 0.6) and nonamended plots (0.15 to 0.6).The maize yield obtained with the cacao shell biochar peaked in season 2, continued to have a good effect in seasons 3–4, and faded in season 5. The yield effect of the rice husk biochar was less pronounced and already faded from season 2 onwards.Crop yields were correlated with the pH-related parameters Ca/Al ratio, base saturation and exchangeable K. The positive effects of cocoa shell biochar on crop yield in this Ultisol were at least in part related to alleviation of soil acidity. The fading effectiveness after multiple growth seasons, possibly due to leaching of the biochar-associated alkalinity, indicates that 15tha−1 of cocoa shell biochar needs to be applied approximately every third season in order to maintain positive effects on yield.

RELEASE OF SILICON FROM SILICATE MATERIALS AND ITS UPTAKE BY RICE PLANT

<p class="abstrakinggris">Plants absorb silicon (Si) from soil solution in the form of monosilicic acid, also called orthosilicic acid (H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>). Application of organic and inorganic materials containing readily soluble Si can increase Si supply in the soil and its uptake by plant. The study aimed to evaluate the release of Si from organic and inorganic material sources and its uptake by rice plant. The released phosphorus (P) from those materials was also evaluated. The inorganic materials evaluated included fly ash, steel slag, silica gel and Japanese silica gel (JSG), while the organic materials consisted of rice husk ash (RHA), rice husk burnt (RHB), media of mushroom (MM), cacao shell biochar (cacao SB) and rice straw compost (RSC). The dynamics of Si and P were observed by periodical samplings at 7, 17, 24 and 34 days after transplanting (DAT). Tiller number and plant height were measured at 16, 21 and 36 DAT. The results showed that Si concentration in solution derived from inorganic material was highest for JSG followed by silica gel (1.107 and 0.806 mmol L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The release of Si from organic material was higher for RHB and RHA (0.618 and 0.539 mmol L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). Cacao SB, silica gel, JSG and RHB significantly increased plant height at 36 DAT. Meanwhile, Si materials did not significantly affect the tiller number. Of the materials used, steel slag and JSG significantly affected Si uptake by rice plant.</p>

Cellulose Compound of Cacao Waste and Chemical Composition of Cacao Vinegar with GC-MS Method

<p>Potential of cacao resources at Indonesian is very dependent on the production of cacao produced by farmers and plantation availability. However, the cacao processing results are still not optimal to increase the cacao production. This is due to the disruption of pests and the number of cacao farmers over land functions for fast growing plants. Processing cacao produced cacao waste and with the use of pyrolysis technology is able to cope with the accumulation of plantation waste. This combustion results in liquid smoke of cacao (cacao vinegar) into distillate, charcoal. This study used pyrolysis temperature between 100-500 °C. The aim of this research is to analyze the cocoa waste and the results are cellulose content 17,27%, lignin 52,02% and hemicellulose 19,56%. The results of GC-MS analysis for cacao vinegar of Distric Wajo are acetic acid, n butane, methyl ester, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, cyclopenanone, 2 methyl pyridine, acetyloxy 2 propanone, butyrolactone, tetrahydro 2 furan methanol, 2,3 dimethyl 2 cyclopentene 1 on and Mequinol. The water content of the charcoal of cacao shell from Wajo district is 3.42%. The analysis results of the bound carbon content of activated charcoal of cacao shell is 54.45%. The EDS analysis for cacao shell from Wajo district resulted in C: 61.12%, O: 36.65%, Si: 0.59%, P: 1.48% and Al: 0.17%. Utilization of cocoa shell waste using pyrolysis technology can reduce carbon emissions to the environment. So that the development of everything can continue and the sustainability of forest remain sustainable.</p><p> </p>