Cab Model Research Articles

The Research on the Application of CAB Model to the Promotion of IP Derivatives from the Perspective of Marketing ---Taking Local and International IP Derivatives as Examples

The Research on the Application of CAB Model to the Promotion of IP Derivatives from the Perspective of Marketing ---Taking Local and International IP Derivatives as Examples

Integrative modeling of diverse protein-peptide systems using CABS-dock.

The CABS model can be applied to a wide range of protein-protein and protein-peptide molecular modeling tasks, such as simulating folding pathways, predicting structures, docking, and analyzing the structural dynamics of molecular complexes. In this work, we use the CABS-dock tool in two diverse modeling tasks: 1) predicting the structures of amyloid protofilaments and 2) identifying cleavage sites in the peptide substrates of proteolytic enzymes. In the first case, simulations of the simultaneous docking of amyloidogenic peptides indicated that the CABS model can accurately predict the structures of amyloid protofilaments which have an in-register parallel architecture. Scoring based on a combination of symmetry criteria and estimated interaction energy values for bound monomers enables the identification of protofilament models that closely match their experimental structures for 5 out of 6 analyzed systems. For the second task, it has been shown that CABS-dock coarse-grained docking simulations can be used to identify the positions of cleavage sites in the peptide substrates of proteolytic enzymes. The cleavage site position was correctly identified for 12 out of 15 analyzed peptides. When combined with sequence-based methods, these docking simulations may lead to an efficient way of predicting cleavage sites in degraded proteins. The method also provides the atomic structures of enzyme-substrate complexes, which can give insights into enzyme-substrate interactions that are crucial for the design of new potent inhibitors.

A High-Precision Surrogate Modeling Method Based on Parallel Multipoint Expected Improvement Point Infill Criteria for Complex Simulation Problems

In order to overcome the problem of the low fitting accuracy of the expected improvement point infill criteria (EI) and the improved expected improvement point infill criteria (IEI), a high-precision surrogate modeling method based on the parallel multipoint expected improvement point infill criteria (PMEI) is presented in this paper for solving large-scale complex simulation problems. The PMEI criterion takes full advantage of the strong global search ability of the EI criterion and the local search ability of the IEI criterion to improve the overall accuracy of the fitting function. In the paper, the detailed steps of the PMEI method are introduced firstly, which can add multiple sample points in a single iteration. At the same time, in the process of constructing the surrogate model, it is effective to avoid the problem of the low fitting accuracy caused by adding only one new sample point in each iteration of the EI and IEI criteria. The numerical examples of the classical one-dimensional function and two-dimensional function clearly demonstrate the accuracy of the fitting function of the proposed method. Moreover, the accuracy of the multi-objective optimization surrogate model of a truck cab constructed by the PMEI method is tested, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in solving high-dimensional modeling problems. All these results confirm that the Kriging model developed by the PMEI method has high accuracy for low-dimensional problems or high-dimensional complex problems.

Impact of H in H2O thermal scattering data on criticality calculation: uncertainty and adjustment

In this paper, the impact of the thermal scattering data for H in H20 is estimated on criticality benchmarks, based on the variations of the CAB model parameters. The Total Monte Carlo method for uncertainty propagation is applied for 63 keff criticality cases, sensitive to H in H20. It is found that their impact is of a few tenth of pcm, up to 300 pcm maximum, and showing highly non-linear distributions. In a second step, an adjustment is proposed for these thermal scattering data, leading to a better agreement between calculated and experimental keff values, following an increase of scattering contribution. This work falls into the global approach of combining advanced theoretical modelling of nuclear data, followed by possible adjustment in order to improve the performances of a nuclear data library.

Study on FE-SEA Modeling and Acoustic Performance of Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle Based on Experimental Statistical Energy Parameters

Due to the difficulty of obtaining statistical energy parameters of complex structures and the complexity of modeling connection and model verification, the hybrid FE-SEA model has many problems in modeling complex structures. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, this paper provides a reference for the application of the hybrid FE-SEA model in complex structures. In this paper, the hybrid FE-SEA commercial vehicle model is established by an experimental statistical energy parameter modeling method and a modification method. The model division and subsystem connection modeling of a complex substructure of a heavy vehicle cab are studied. In the hybrid model, the hybrid line connection and the hybrid point connection are established. On this basis, the parameters of the cab model were studied, and the statistical energy parameters such as modal density, internal loss factor, and coupling loss factor were obtained by the experimental method. The statistical energy parameters of the cab acoustic model are modified. Finally, the accuracy of the model is verified by vehicle test. In addition, the acoustic performance of the cab was optimized, and airtightness and acoustic packaging were verified. The full parameter modeling and correction method is adopted in this paper, which is an effective supplement to the traditional statistical energy parameter modeling method.

Multi-objective lightweight and crashworthiness collaborative optimisation of commercial vehicle cab

A collaborative optimisation method for the lightweight and crashworthiness of the cab structure is proposed using mixed variable screening, approximate models, multi-objective optimisation and ideal point methods. First, modal and stiffness analyses of the cab model are built. Three impact simulation model of cab are established and verified via ECE R29-02 regulation tests. Subsequently, front impact, front pillar impact, and roof strength model are established following ECE R29-03, which is more stringent than the ECE R29-02. However, the result of the front pillar impact of the cab does not meet the requirements of the ECE R29-03. Several improved A-pillar structures are proposed, among which reinforced rib structure can effectively enhance the occupant’s living space. Then, 18 thickness and 4 material variables are selected as design variables based on the mixed variable screening method. Different approximate models are established for performance responses. The results show that the second-order response surface model has high fitting accuracy in the cab modal and bending and torsional stiffness performance, while the Kriging model has high fitting accuracy in the crashworthiness indicators of the cab. Finally, the multi-objective lightweight and crashworthiness collaborative optimisation of the cab are conducted. Compared with the initial model, the crashworthiness of the optimal cab model is improved and the mass is reduced by 27.1 kg.

Coarse-Grained Simulation Of Calbindin D9k

The coarse-grained protein modeling tool, Cabs-flex, is feely available online server; it is based on the CABS model in which each residue of a protein has been represented by four points. The server was used for the protein Calbindin D9k in it’s doubly calcium loaded state: small and single domain protein of the EF-hand family. Twelve representative structures, in all-atom format corresponding to each cluster, were also downloaded along with trajectories, ready-made plots, images, video, data files of Cα RMSD, atomic fluctuation and GDT_TS. In the present study, simulated Cα atomic fluctuations for residues of the protein was compared with the experimental results and also correlated with the respective Cα RMSD and GDT_TS.

An adaptive RBF neural network–based multi-objective optimization method for lightweight and crashworthiness design of cab floor rails using fuzzy subtractive clustering algorithm

To improve the computational cost and accuracy of approximate-based multi-objective optimization problems in engineering, an adaptive RBF neural network (ARBFNN) method integrating RBF neural network model, fuzzy subtractive clustering (FSC) sequence sampling method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed. To solve the problem that the number of new sample points is difficult to determine, FSC sequence sampling is proposed to select the clustering center points as newly added sample points. First, the ARBFNN method is verified by the five test functions. The results show that the ARBFNN method is significantly better than static RBFNN model based on multi-objective optimization (SRBFNN) in terms of global convergence and efficiency performance, and the other two adaptive approximate optimization methods in terms of overall efficiency. Based on the above, the accuracy and efficiency of ARBFNN method are very high. Finally, the method is applied to an engineering example: the lightweight and crashworthiness design of floor rails. The cab model coupled with implicit parameterized floor rails model is built using the SFE-CONCEPT software to achieve collaborative optimization design of shape-size-material. The optimization results show that the ARBFNN method can guarantee the error of the approximate optimal solution and the finite element solution (expensive solution) within 2%, so the accuracy of highly nonlinear (finite element analysis of collision conditions) approximate optimization is improved. Hence, the proposed ARBFNN method is feasible and effective in solving complex and expensive engineering optimization problems.

Impact of H in H2O thermal scattering data on depletion calculation: k∞, nuclide inventory and decay heat

The impact of the H in H2O thermal scattering data are calculated for burnup quantities, considering models of a UO2 pincell with DRAGON and SERPENT. The Total Monte Carlo method is applied, where the CAB model parameters are randomly varied to produce sampled (random) LEAPR input files for NJOY. A large number of burnup calculations is then performed, based on the random thermal scattering data. It is found that the impact on k∞ is relatively small (less than 35 pcm), as for nuclide inventory (less than 1% at 50 MWd/kgU) and for decay heat (less than 0.4%). It is also observed that the calculated probability density functions indicate strong non-linear effects.

A Comparison of Cultural Awareness Directives in Junior Middle School English Textbooks and Teacher’s Books of Go for It and English in Mind

Based on the CAB model of intercultural communication competence(ICC), this paper analyzes the cultural awareness(CA) directives of junior middle school English textbooks and teacher’s books of Go for It (GFI) and English in Mind(EIM) through the methods of text analysis and comparative analysis. The study focuses on the teaching activities of reading, listening, speaking, writing and culture in mind, etc. of the two editions of textbooks and teacher’s books. During the research process, it has been found that firstly, as for the textbook of GFI, the proportion of the three dimensions is ranked in descending order as follows: cognitive dimension first, behavioral dimension second and affective dimension third. The proportion of cognitive dimension is close to that of behavioral skills. The proportions of both cognitive and behavioral dimension are much larger(8 to 10 times) than that of affective dimension. Second, as for the teacher’s book of GFI, the descending order of the three dimensions is the same as in the textbook of GFI. The proportion of cognitive activities is far greater than that of affective and behavioral activities. The proportion of affective activities in both the textbook and the teacher’s book of GFI is very low. Thirdly, as for the textbook of EIM, the proportion of the three dimensions is ranked in descending order as follows: behavioral dimension first, cognitive dimension second and affective dimension third. The proportion of cognitive activities is relatively close to that of behavioral activities. The proportions of cognitive and behavioral activities are more than twice as much as that of the affective activities, which may show that the textbook of GFI pays more attention to the cultivation of students’ cognitive and behavioral abilities, ignoring the cultivation of students’ affective ability. However, compared to the textbook of GFI, the proportion of affective activity in the textbook of EIM is 3 times as that in the textbook of GFI, indicating that the textbook of EIM pays more attention to cultivating students’ affective ability than the textbook of GFI. Fourthly, as for the teacher’s book of EIM, the proportion of behavioral activities is far greater than that of cognitive and affective activities. The data seems to demonstrate that the teacher’s book of EIM has carried out a detailed and in-depth discussion of behavioral activities and paid great attention to the cultivation of students’ behavioral skills. Finally, through comparative study, it has been found that GFI can gain some advisable suggestions on how to write cultural awareness directives by referring to EIM.

Research on Noise of Tractor Cab Based on FE-SEA Method

The mid-frequency noise in a tractor cab is predicted, the FE-SEA hybrid model of tractor cab is established, the cab structure modal density, internal loss factor and coupling loss factor are obtained by theoretical calculation and test method, and the finite element-statistical energy analysis is simulated after loading vibration and noise excitation. Comparing the cab acoustic pressure level obtained by the simulation with the measured data, the analysis and comparison show that the result of the model using FE-SEA hybrid method in the mid-band is highly fitting with the test value, and the prediction absolute error is less than 2dB, which can be used for further analysis.

Measurement and modelling for harmonic dynamic characteristics of a liquid-filled isolator with a rubber element and high-viscosity silicone oil at low frequency

Key dynamic characteristics of a novel liquid-filled isolator with an annular orifice are investigated at low frequency by using experimental and analytical methods, both within the context of a simplified suspended cab model. The isolator is proposed to be characterized by a coupled parallel combination of a rubber path and a liquid path, through which motions or forces are transmitted to a resonant receiver, commonly an earthmoving machinery cab. To appropriately examine isolator dynamic properties, experimental results are compared with those of the corresponding rubber isolator while dynamic excitations under frequency-sweep and fixed-frequency are applied, respectively. It is observed that the liquid-filled isolator provides more desired dynamic performance for resonance mitigation and vibration isolation. It is suggested that an amplitude-dependent, softening nonlinearity presented in the dynamic stiffness should mainly result from the viscoelastic behavior of the silicone oil and also relate closely to the coupling properties. Also, small jerks in the acceleration response involved with asymmetric damping characteristics are present by a shock excitation, while almost no asymmetric characteristics are revealed under harmonic excitations although the isolator internal construction is asymmetric. Two models are developed by using Navier-Stokes equations, incorporating fluid rheological behavior and compressibility. Simulated and measured force-displacement loops are compared to indicate the models’ validity. Accordingly, a lumped model (Model 3) consisting of cubic elastic force and fractional-power damping force terms is proposed, yielding a better prediction. The studies in this paper suggest key design parameters and form an essential first step for design optimization.

Evaluate the shielding effectiveness of driver’s cab for metro and its influence on electromagnetic exposure safety

In order to study the shielding effectiveness of metro driver cab and its impact on the safety of driver high frequency electromagnetic exposure, this paper construct the high frequency electromagnetic environment model of metro cab under the radiation of external and internal exposure sources, its shielding effect is simulated correspond, and the safety of high frequency electromagnetic exposure of metro driver is analysed. The simulation results show that the under digital trunked system antenna (external exposure source) radiation, the peak value of electric field strength inside the metro cab without aluminium alloy body is 1.7214 V/m, which 322 times higher than that of aluminium alloy cab; under the communication based train control system antenna (internal exposure source) radiation, the peak value of electric field strength inside the aluminium alloy material metro cab is 3.1625×10−1 V/m, which 26 times higher than that of without aluminium alloy body. The compared results reveal that the shielding effect of metro cab on the external exposure source is significantly greater than the internal exposure source. Although the radiation dose absorbed by the metro driver varies by 4 to 125 times in different situation, still lower than the international occupational electromagnetic exposure limit, which indicate that the shielding effect of metro cab in the above situation will not cause health hazards to the driver.

Modeling of Disordered Protein Structures Using Monte Carlo Simulations and Knowledge-Based Statistical Force Fields.

The description of protein disordered states is important for understanding protein folding mechanisms and their functions. In this short review, we briefly describe a simulation approach to modeling protein interactions, which involve disordered peptide partners or intrinsically disordered protein regions, and unfolded states of globular proteins. It is based on the CABS coarse-grained protein model that uses a Monte Carlo (MC) sampling scheme and a knowledge-based statistical force field. We review several case studies showing that description of protein disordered states resulting from CABS simulations is consistent with experimental data. The case studies comprise investigations of protein–peptide binding and protein folding processes. The CABS model has been recently made available as the simulation engine of multiscale modeling tools enabling studies of protein–peptide docking and protein flexibility. Those tools offer customization of the modeling process, driving the conformational search using distance restraints, reconstruction of selected models to all-atom resolution, and simulation of large protein systems in a reasonable computational time. Therefore, CABS can be combined in integrative modeling pipelines incorporating experimental data and other modeling tools of various resolution.

Validation of Thermal Neutron Scattering Cross Sections for Heavy Water based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Recently, the thermal scattering libraries of ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3 for light and heavy water were released with a new water model (CAB model) proposed by Damian. For the CAB model, the molecular dynamics code GROMACS was used to more accurately describe the realistic motions of water molecules. In this paper, to consider the coherent component we also generated the thermal scattering cross section of the deuterium and oxygen bound in the heavy water molecules using the GROMACS code and EPSR code. In addition, the frequency spectrum was also calculated using the GROMACS code. Thermal scattering cross sections based on the newly calculated Sköld correction factor and the frequency spectrum were generated by NJOY2016 code. Finally, the performance of the generated thermal scattering cross sections were validated by performing an ICSBEP benchmark simulation using MCNPX code.

Laboratory testing of a shuttle car canopy air curtain for respirable coal mine dust control

Canopy air curtain (CAC) technology has been developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for use on continuous miners and subsequently roof bolting machines in underground coal mines to protect operators of these machines from overexposure to respirable coal mine dust. The next logical progression is to develop a CAC for shuttle cars to protect operators from the same overexposures. NIOSH awarded a contract to Marshall University and J.H. Fletcher to develop the shuttle car CAC. NIOSH conducted laboratory testing to determine the dust control efficiency of the shuttle car CAC. Testing was conducted on two different cab configurations: a center drive similar to that on a Joy 10SC32AA cab model and an end drive similar to that on a Joy 10SC32AB cab model. Three different ventilation velocities were tested—0.61, 2.0, 4.3 m/s (120, 400, and 850 fpm). The lowest, 0.61 m/s (120 fpm), represented the ventilation velocity encountered during loading by the continuous miner, while the 4.3 m/s (850 fpm) velocity represented ventilation velocity airflow over the shuttle car while tramming against ventilation airflow. Test results showed an average of the dust control efficiencies ranging from 74 to 83% for 0.61 m/s (120 fpm), 39%–43% for 2.0 m/s (400 fpm), and 6%–16% for 4.3 m/s (850 fpm). Incorporating an airflow spoiler to the shuttle car CAC design and placing the CAC so that it is located 22.86 cm (9 in.) forward of the operator improved the dust control efficiency to 51%–55% for 4.3 m/s (850 fpm) with minimal impact on dust control efficiencies for lower ventilation velocities. These laboratory tests demonstrate that the newly developed shuttle car CAC has the potential to successfully protect shuttle car operators from coal mine respirable dust overexposures.

Investigation of Occupant Lower Extremity Injures under Various Overlap Frontal Crashes

With widely usage of restraint system, fatal injuries to occupants have been largely limited while non-fatal lower extremity injuries have not been effectively improved. The present study aims to investigate occupant lower extremity injuries under realistic impact environments. A biofidelic lower extremity model, a dummy model and a car cab model were combined to set up a realistic impact environment. Three typical frontal impact groups were simulated. Occupant global lower kinematics, long bone axial force and bending moment were presented to in-depth investigate lower extremity injury mechanism and tolerance. Various overlap frontal impacts cause totally different lower extremity kinematics in the combination of structural invasion and restraint system effects. The femur fracture occurred at a small axial force of 7.57 kN combing a substantial bending moment peak of 172 Nm. Ankle joint injuries were found in 100 % and 25 % overlap impacts that present large tibial axial force and joint rotation angle. Overall results indicate that a coupling threshold of femur axial force and bending moment is of rationality to predict global femur fracture. The ankle joint injury occurrence is significantly related to the coupling effects of tibia axial force and excessive self-kinematics.

Generation of the1H in H2O neutron thermal scattering law covariance matrix of the CAB model

The thermal scattering law (TSL) of1H in H2O describes the interaction of the neutron with the hydrogen bound to light water. No recommended procedure exists for computing covariances of TSLs available in the international evaluated nuclear data libraries. This work presents an analytic methodology to produce such a covariance matrix-associated to the water model developed at the Atomic Center of Bariloche (Centro Atomico Bariloche, CAB, Argentina). This model is called as CAB model, it calculates the TSL of hydrogen bound to light water from molecular dynamic simulations. The performance of the obtained covariance matrix has been quantified on integral calculations at “cold” reactor conditions between 20 and 80∘ C. For UOX fuel, the uncertainty on the calculated reactivity ranges from ±71 to ±155 pcm. For MOX fuel, it ranges from ±110 to ±203 pcm.

Parametric analysis of occupant ankle and tibia injuries in frontal impact.

ObjectiveNon-fatal tibia and ankle injuries without proper protection from the restraint system has gotten wide attention from researchers. This study aimed to investigate occupant tibia and ankle injuries under realistic frontal impact environment that is rarely considered in previous experimental and simulant studies.MethodsAn integrated occupant-vehicle model was established by coupling an isolated car cab model and a hybrid occupant model with a biofidelic pelvis-lower limb model, while its loading conditions were extracted from the realistic full-frontal impact test. A parametric study was implemented concerning instrument panel (IP) design and pedal intrusion/rotation parameters.ResultsThe significant influences of the IP angle, pedal intrusion and pedal rotation on tibia axial force, tibia bending moment and ankle dorsiflexion angle are noted. By coupling their effects, a new evaluation index named CAIEI (Combined Ankle Injury Evaluation Index) is established to evaluate ankle injury (including tibia fractures in ankle region) risk and severity in robustness.ConclusionsOverall results and analysis indicate that ankle dorsiflexion angle should be considered when judging the injury in lower limb under frontal impact. Meanwhile, the current index with coupling effects of tibia axial force, bending moment and ankle dorsiflexion angle is in a good correlation with the simulation injury outcomes.

Interior High Frequency Noise Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Cab and Multi-Objective Optimization with Statistical Energy Analysis Method

The interior sound pressure levels of a commercial vehicle cab at the driver’s right ear position and head rest position are determined as evaluation indices of vehicle acoustic performances. A statistical energy analysis model of the commercial vehicle cab was created by using statistical energy analysis method. The simulated interior acoustic performance of the cab has a significant coincidence with the experimental results. A response surface model was presented to determine the relationship between sound package parameters and evaluation indices of the interior acoustic performance for the vehicle cab. A multi-objective optimization was performed by using NSGA II algorithm with weighting coefficient method. The presented method provides a new idea for the multi-objective optimization design of the acoustic performances in vehicle noise analysis and control field.