Cable Ties Research Articles

High-performance micro/nanoplastics characterization by MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry

Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) are widespread environmental pollutants that cause high health risks. However, high heterogeneity in particle sizes and chemical compositions of MNPs make their accurate characterization extremely challenging. Herein, we established a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR MS) strategy for the unambiguous characterization of different types of MNPs with high performance, including polystyrene, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, and polycarbonate. The MNP sample preparation and detection conditions were systematically optimized by using response surface methodology, and the MS detection signal-to-noise ratios were improved 1.5 times on average. The ultrahigh mass resolution of FTICR MS is crucial to the unambiguous elucidation of MNP structures. We demonstrate that this MS strategy is highly efficient in the characterization of polymer constitutions of environmental MNPs derived from foam, bottles, cable ties, and compact discs, providing a promising tool for MNP detection and safety evaluation.

Hand and Wrist Injuries Associated With Application of Physical Restraints: A Systematic Review.

While handcuffs and zip ties are common methods of physical restraint used by law enforcement, they have been noted to damage soft tissue and bony structures of the hand and wrist. This paper seeks to characterize the safety of physical restraints by summarizing its effects on hand and wrist function and disability. Relevant studies were gathered through an independent double selection and extraction process using 3 electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL) from database inception to June 19, 2020. A total of 16 studies involving 807 participants were included. Lesion to the superficial branch of the radial nerve was the most commonly reported injury noted in 82% (42/55) of hands examined. A total of 6% (5/77) of examined hands had bony injury, including 3 radial styloid fractures and 2 scaphoid fractures. Both studies on zip ties noted presence of handcuff neuropathy, with 1 case report documenting severe rapidly progressing ischemic monomelic neuropathy. Overall, the use of handcuffs and zip ties is associated with entrapment neuropathies and bony injury to the hand and wrist. Further studies of higher quality evidence are necessary to understand the effects of physical restraint on hand function and disability.

Novel and simple method using cable ties to induce intestinal strangulation in a rat model

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis after strangulation in abdominal surgery is not fully understood. Developing an experimental and reliable method is needed to overcome this problem. This study aimed to develop an effective method for intestinal strangulation leading to fibrosis, which might induce intestinal obstruction.
 METHODS This study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Artificial intestinal strangulation using cable ties made of durable plastic, which is generally used to ligate objects, was applied, and rats were further classified into control, 6-hour, and 24-hour strangulation groups. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed, intestinal tissues were collected, and histomorphological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Moreover, Masson’s trichome staining was used to assess collagen density.
 RESULTS Median collagen density score of the 24-hour strangulation group was higher than the control. A significant difference in collagen density was found between the submucosal layer of the 24-hour strangulation group and the control (45.4 [11.4] versus 32.4 [14.0], p<0.001) and between the mucosa of the 6- and 24-hour strangulation groups and the control (26.9 [17] versus 6.46 [4.3], p = 0.01 and 24.9 [8] versus 6.46 [4.3], p = 0.004, respectively).
 CONCLUSIONS The simple use of cable ties adequately promotes intestinal strangulation.

A randomized controlled trial on cross infection control in maxillofacial trauma surgery a comparison of intermaxillary fixation techniques

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the intermaxillary fixation techniques in maxillofacial trauma surgery in terms of cross infection control. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial which included 120 patients with fractures of the mandible requiring open reduction and fixation. The participants were allocated either to the study group and treated with intraoperative Rapid IMF or to the control group and managed with intraoperative eyelet wire ties. Results: Rapid IMF group had significantly fewer glove perforations than the traditional method (0.67 per operation compared with 1.5), (P < 0.0001). The incidence of skin-penetrating injuries was the same in both groups (rate 0.02/ procedure). The application of Rapid IMF was significantly faster than wiring (P < 0.0001). Minor intraoperative complications were noted in both groups, but more in the Rapid IMF group. Most concerned loosening or fracture of the anchorage ties but the surgical outcome was not affected. Conclusion: Rapid IMF is a safer alternative to wiring methods with significant reduction in glove perforation rates and is quicker to apply than conventional wiring techniques.

Differences in morphological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of grape explants grafted using various micrografting techniques

This study aimed to improve the micrografting technique for rapid in vitro grapevine plantlet propagation using Flame Seedless scion and Freedom as rootstock. Explants obtained in vitro were cultured in MS media containing 0.4 mg L-1 BAP. For micrografting, six methods were used: sterile wire ties, sterile metal needle, wax, aluminum foil, gel, and callus. Data was collected on morphological and biochemical parameters in micrografts produced using various procedures. With various degrees of success, all in vitro micrografting procedures successfully produced grafts. The best results of morphological parameters were recorded in micrografting in wax method with the highest survival (83.88%), number of shoots/explants (1.77), shoot length (1.66 cm), leaves/shoot (4.55), rooting (58.20 %), root length (1.27 cm). In contrast, the callus method had the least value for these parameters. Wax and aluminum foil methods were found to be a promising alternative to traditional grapevine propagation methods in the study.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Uniaxial Compression Failure of Concrete Confined by Nylon Ties

The developments in the cisvil engineering fields have led to an increased demand for structural reinforcements. Therefore, designing an effective, green, convenient, and low-cost reinforcement method is considerably important. Nylon ties have high strength and good heat resistance, and they can retain good tensile properties after high-temperature cooling. Further, they are inexpensive and can be recycled. Thus, they are considered suitable for structural reinforcement engineering. In this study, the core concrete was reinforced by the active confinement of prestressed nylon ties. A uniaxial compression test was performed to evaluate the reinforcement effect of the preload generated by the high-temperature cooling of the tie rod on the core concrete. The results show that nylon ties can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the core concrete. Combined with numerical simulation technology, a damage model of a confined concrete column (CC) was established, and the damage evolution law of CC under uniaxial axial compression was analyzed. Combined with numerical simulation and experimental research, the effectiveness of nylon tie reinforced concrete and the reliability of the damage model were verified, providing a reference for research on engineering reinforcement.

Analysis of Data Transmission using one modified neural networks

The traditional neural networks cannot provide modern mapping capability which is most important for analysis of data transmission nowadays. Therefore, Sigma-Pi-Sigma neural networks (SPSNNs) are good tool for this operation because of easy architecture. Application of integrated learning approach for neural networks, which uses sigma-pi-sigma neurons, helps us to complete their task for small period of time. It’s very necessary for neurons to find the solution of the problem. A final result of our results can be used in order to find the routes of “safety”, which we can indicate by position and state of cable lines or ties. For correct analysis and accurate results, we use pulse refectory method with using special device in order to get waveform, which introduce the connection problem. So, Sigma-Pi-Sigma neural network model is used for exact interpretation of altering probe signal. It is crucial that we also used rectangular methods of summation of Fourier series firstly. Therefore, it is main novelty of our investigation.

Comparative Analysis of Three Types of Fishing Gear Marking for Anchored Fish Aggregating Devices in Purse Seine Fishery in Thai Waters

Anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) have been widely used for fishing in Thai waters. However, abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gears (ALDFGs), including lost AFADs, may cause environmental impacts. Fishing gear marking (FGM) is considered as a tool to help identification of ALDFGs. The main objective of this study is to compare the durability represented by the percentage of remaining condition (R-value) of three material types of FGM applied for AFADs, i.e., stainless steel (SS), colored acrylic (CA), and polypropylene (PP). This study was carried out using 50 AFADs deployed in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) and the Andaman Sea (ANS) between July and October 2020 in cooperation with 10 fishers. The AFADs were deployed in similar habitat (bottom depth and type) between the GOT and the ANS. The three material types of FGM were assumed to be sufficiently durable to last for the lifespan of the AFADs in both the GOT and the ANS (within 2 months and 3.5 months, respectively) though some FGMs in the ANS were detached from cable ties or broken before AFADs were lost. The loss of AFADs and FGMs was mainly caused by adverse weather condition (rough sea). Only data from the ANS was included in comparative analysis due to the insufficient variance data obtained from the GOT. The analysis revealed that SS had the higher durability than CA and PP when the AFADs lasted for less than 3.5 months. As a result of our study, some recommendations were made. For example, the cable ties can be replaced by ropes or threads to improve the installation method. This study serves as a basis to develop FGM and to support responsible fisheries. Beneficiaries of the study include fisheries policy makers, managers, and fishers.

Implementation of the Logistics Policy for the Regent and Deputy Regent of East Bolaang Mongondow Election in 2020 during the Covid 19 Pandemic

Public policy is a branch of science developing rapidly according to the community's needs. Especially in the public sector and is a multidisciplinary branch of study that requires contributions from other sciences in everyday reality. Destination study this to describe, explain the factors Implementation of the Logistics Policy for the Election of Regent and Deputy Regent of Bolaang Mongondow Timur in 2020 during the Covid- 19 Pandemic. Researchers use qualitative research because they are interested in describing reality. The empirical background behind the phenomenon in-depth, detail, and thoroughness are related to the Implementation of the Logistics Policy for the Election of the Regent and Deputy Regent of East Bolaang Mongondow in 2020.Primary data sources were obtained from the field by observing or interviewing. Researchers use this data to get direct information about the Implementation of Logistics Policies for the Election of Regents and Deputy East Bolaang Mongondow Regent in 2020 to the Commissioner in charge of Logistics and the Officer or Implementer in charge of/in order of Election Logistics. Data sources are data obtained from reading sources and various other sources consisting of letters, reports, and official documents. In qualitative research, data collection is carried out in natural settings (natural conditions). Primary data sources and data collection techniques focus on observation, interviews, documentation. Analysis has started since formulating explaining the problem before going into the field and continues until the writing of the research results. Data analysis becomes a guide for further research until, if possible, a "grounded" theory. However, data analysis focuses more on qualitative research during the field process and data collection. The East Bolaang Mongondow KPU's Logistics Management Team, as a policymaker, has carried out a detailed calculation of the logistics needs and election cable ties. Communication: the East Bolaang Mongondow Regency KPU with the District Election Committee and the Voting Committee has been well. Still, there is no exceptional socialization/ guidance regarding the needs and use of Election Logistics to KPPS. There is no socialization/ guidance on the condition and use of Election Logistics in stages starting from Regency KPU to PPK, then PPK to PPS, and PPS to KPPS. There is no budget arrangement for socialization/ guidance of technology regarding the need and use of Election Logistics.

A Long-Term Symbiotic Relationship: Recruitment and Fidelity of the Crab Trapezia on Its Coral Host Pocillopora

The symbiotic relationship between the crab Trapezia spp. and pocilloporid corals has been characterized as obligate. Although this relationship is considered common and has been widely registered within the distribution areas of these corals, the initiation of this symbiotic relation and its potential persistence throughout the life cycle of the crustacean is still poorly described. To understand the Trapezia–Pocillopora symbiosis, determining the time and conditions when Trapezia recruits a coral colony and the factors influencing this process are key. Thus, in the present study, healthy, small and unrecruited coral fragments were attached to the substrates (using cable ties) of nearby adult Pocillopora colonies. All fragments were monitored for two years to measure their growth and size at the first evidence of Trapezia crab recruitment, as well as the abundance and permanence of the crabs on the coral fragments. Results showed a relation between the space available (coral volume) and crab recruitment as an increase in substrate complexity is required to provide protection for the crabs and hence maintain the symbiosis, while abiotic conditions such as sea temperature and the distance of the fragments from the adult coral colonies seemingly did not affect the recruitment process. In addition, crabs are able to move between colonies, thus discarding the theory that once recruited, crabs are obligate residents on this specific colony.

Use of Polyamide (Nylon) Cable Ties for Vascular Ligation of Healthy Equine Jejunal Mesentery.

Jejunal vascular ligation is an essential step in performing jejunojejunostomy. Hand sewn ligation is typically used and can increase operative time with long sections of bowel to be removed. Nylon cable ties (NCT) have been used for vascular ligation in horses but are yet to be investigated for application on the mesenteric vasculature of the gastrointestinal tract. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and short-term safety of NCT jejunal mesenteric vessel ligation in healthy horses. Eight healthy adult horses underwent midline celiotomy. A segment of jejunal mesentery was identified (≥4 arcades). Briefly, three fenestrations (proximal, middle, distal) were made 5–10 mm apart adjacent to the first and last vascular arcade to be ligated. Two sterilized NCT were passed to encircle the mesentery through the proximal and middle fenestrations, separated by intact mesentery. NCT were closed tightly and the vascular pedicle transected with Mayo scissors through the distal fenestration. Jejunojejunostomy was then performed and the mesentery sutured closed. The number of vascular arcades and time to ligate using NCT were recorded. At 2 weeks, horses underwent repeat celiotomy to assess the healing of the NCT ligation site and an equal number of vascular arcades were hand sewn double ligated using 2-0 Polyglactin 910 as a timed comparison. NCT mesenteric ligation was significantly faster than hand sewn methods (P < 0.01). Effective hemostasis was achieved in all cases. There was no evidence of local infection or adhesions at 14 days post-operatively. Further investigation in the long-term effects in horses as well as horses with strangulating jejunal lesions are needed for clinical application.

Precut Cast: An Easier and Less Stressful Cast Removal Procedure for Pediatric Patients.

SUMMARY:During hospitalization, pediatric patients or their parents may feel stressed. If patients need to stay in the hospital with a cast, they are prone to feeling more stressed. Fixation using a cast is an important clinical option, particularly in the case of skin grafts wherein fixation of the foot and ankle is essential to ensure the survival of the graft skin. However, the removal of the cast is also stressful for patients because it needs to be removed with a cast saw. To avoid further stress in pediatric patients, we cut the cast intraoperatively and then fixed the cast again using nylon cable ties. One week after surgery, we separated the patient’s cast. Instead of using a cast saw, we used only scissors or nippers. Our cast removal method was easy, safe, and less stressful.

Zip-tie guys: military-grade radicalization among Capitol Hill insurrectionists

ABSTRACT Among rioters storming the Capitol Hill building in Washington, DC, on January, 6, 2021, two men carried zip ties, presumably for restraining lawmakers. The Zip-Tie Guys, as the media dubbed the duo, shared little except their path to radicalization through Risk and Status Seeking. This paper analyzes radicalization of the Zip-Tie guys in the context of the larger problem: radicalization in the U.S. military and among veterans. Other mechanisms contributing to radicalization in military training are Group Isolation and Threat, Group Polarization, and Slippery Slope. After retiring, many veterans are also experiencing the radicalizing effects of Unfreezing. Tracking and countering radicalization in active military and in military veterans might be prudent.

Devastating Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy after Plastic zip Tie Handcuffs, Message for Security Agencies. (2645)

Devastating Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy after Plastic zip Tie Handcuffs, Message for Security Agencies. (2645)

Cable Tie Dynamic Wound Closure: Alternative Technique for Secondary Wound Closure

Background: Wound closure by secondary intention has always been a norm in clinical practice for large infected wounds at our institution. The aim is to prevent recurrent infection while waiting for wound closure. This study investigates the use of cable tie for dynamic wound closure in infected wounds to accelerate healing process as an alternative technique. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with infected wounds were recruited. The time to wound closure, complications, length, and cost of treatment were evaluated over 4 to 6 weeks. Result: All infected wounds were closed within 9.9 days with no documented complications. Conclusion: Cable tie used for dynamic wound closure in infected wounds is cheap and an effective alternative to wound healing by secondary intention. Level of Evidence: Level IV.

Use of cable ties in ilizarov frame assembly: A simple method to prevent wire-related injuries during postoperative care

Introduction Ilizarov ring fixators are usually applied for ailments such as open fractures, infected nonunions, malunions, growth disturbances, and angular deformities. Moreover, such conditions are often complicated by factors such as concomitant infection, compromised soft tissue cover, compromised vascularity, and disturbed metabolic milieu.[12] Treatment of such conditions often requires prolonged external fixations and pin site care plays a vital role in the prevention of infection, increasing longevity of fixation, keeping soft tissues supple, and increasing compliance to weight-bearing regimen.[3] Compliance to pin site care has prudent correlation with surgical outcome. Due to prolonged external fixation periods, usually home-based self-care of pin sites and frame assembly is prescribed to the patient rather than hospital-based care.[4] Problems with Conventional Methods Conventionally, tensioned Ilizarov wires outside wire fixation boltsare bent in loop shape and cut end is pushed under ring towards nearby empty hole.[5] We found such bending to be counterproductive for pin site care, frame maneuvers, and overall compliance of the patient. Multiple bending of wires in adjacent rings decreases available space for any pin site dressing and any correction maneuver. Their loose, sharp ends may potentially prick or scratch hands during any care maneuver. Such bends even impede any possible retensioning of wires in postoperative phase by grossly reducing stress endurance of wires and making them breakage prone [Figure 1a and b].Figure 1: (a) Conventional method of wire management with 2 bends and positioning under Ilizarov ring. (b) Conventional method critically decreases maneuverable space between Ilizarov rings and predisposes to wire-related injuries during frame careImprovisation and its Benefits After learning about practical difficulties being faced by patients in Ilizarov frame care and comprehending multiple feedbacks from patients, we started using nylon cable ties for fastening loose wire ends of Ilizarov wires with adjacent rings [Figure 2a and b].Figure 2: (a) Nylon cable ties – 4-inch length. (b) Clinical use of nylon cable ties with sharp ends of wires fastened to ring and allowing safe assess to pin sitesSuch wire fastenings neatly arrange all wires' ends parallel to ring either to its sides or its undersurface. It frees up maneuverable space between two rings and facilitates better pin site care. It gives practical benefit of saving hands from scratching protruding wire ends and decreasing wire-related injuries during pin site care. Since only one soft bend is given to any Ilizarov wire, it can be easily retensioned without risk of wire breakage during any possible retensioning. Better pin site care prevents local infections and increases comfort of patient. Nylon cable ties are easily available, cheap, and can be easily applied. Such fastening of ilizarov wires does not infringe on any biomechanical principle of Ilizarov methodology and positively contributes to important aspect of postoperative frame care in Ilizarov surgeries. Conclusion Nylon cable ties are easily available, cost-effective, simpler way to organize loose ends of Ilizarov wires which gives more maneuverable space, facilitates better pin site care, and prevents wire-related injuries. Use of cable ties positively influences follow-up care and overall surgical outcome. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

The Outer Limits: Latinx Art History's Resident Alien(ation)

The Outer Limits:Latinx Art History's Resident Alien(ation) Robb Hernández (bio) In the exhibition Mundos Alternos: Art and Science Fiction in the Americas, the contemporary, new, and now frequently conflicted with the virtual, as yet, and to be seen.1 As co-curator, my studio visits with artists from ten U.S. cities and six Latin American nations challenged the familiar terms of art fieldwork in the present by revealing creative processes committed to the speculative and fantastic. By expanding the terms of "science fiction art," these artists rehearsed anachronic detours, futuristic investigation, and slipstreams of what Gloria Anzaldúa calls "alien consciousness." "The secret I tried to conceal," writes Anzaldúa, "was that I was not normal, that I was not like the others. I felt alien, I knew I was alien."2 Building off what Dan Byrne-Smith loosely defines as science fiction's "forms of practice, complex networks, or a set of sensibilities" in the arts, these Latinx creatives and their eclectic drives were akin to resident aliens of art history.3 Here I second Jennifer A. González's assessment that the critical vocabularies emerging around the field of Chicano and Chicana art introduced "new linguistic and conceptual discourse," which would "appear purposefully alien."4 Although her turn of phrase would seem more metaphoric than literal, her double-speak refortifies Anzaldúan thought. There is something alien about Latinx visuality seated at the outer limits of formal art historical methodologies, defamiliarizing familiar space-time synchronicities and circumventing nation-period paradigms. For traditional object-oriented and linear-minded art historians, "despite their interest in and engagement with contemporary art, most … have trouble evaluating art that is being created in their own time, art that points the way, i.e. the way to the future," Armen Avanessian argues.5 It is perhaps because of Latinidad's resident alien(ation) that art history has much to learn from its utopian, speculative, and world-making potentialities. How Latinx art and performance conveys speculatively directed [End Page 279] image-making focuses the remainder of my comments, which highlight works by Beatriz Cortez, Guadalupe Maravilla, and Beta-Local from the 2019 iteration of Mundos Alternos at the Queens Museum in New York. "What if ?," "what could be?," and "what will be?" guide creative practices and artistic interrogations at the "outer limits" of the observable external world. Alien being and being alien are matters of empire, social (dis)location, migratory displacement, and bendable uses and senses of space-time. These vectors combine in Beatriz Cortez's The Cosmos (Spaceship), a mirrored cosmic domicile suffusing the geodesic dome structures of Indigenous architecture with countercultural commune shelters and the architectural imprint of NASA space modules. Her mirrored hexagonal tiles cast luminous light fields across the gallery, perhaps adding a recognizable schema of shine and metallic tones on par with "science-fiction modernity," which colors Western imaginaries of space science.6 However, what sounds in the ambient noise of the museum are the words of Ishi, the last known member of the Yahi First Nation people in Native California. His testimony reverberates from a 1911 wax cylinder recording, bringing archaic technologies of the past to reckon with the privileged space of spaceflight technology. Like a time machine, The Cosmos (Spaceship) refuses the closures of dead languages, temporal linearity, and Western scales of time. Ishi is no longer abandoned in the past. He belongs to today and tomorrow. Ancient knowledges, conquered people, and the genocidal disappeared Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Beatriz Cortez, The Cosmos (Spaceship) (2015). Wood, acrylic mirrors, zip ties, and found audio recording on a loop. Image courtesy of Hai Zhang/Queens Museum and the artist. [End Page 280] return for an out of time conversation with an Anthropocene in crisis and an extinct language transmitted through the cosmos. Cortez's sculpture broadcasts Yahi sounds filling the art environment with messages in tune with another time, another Earth. Certainly, where there are languages, there are other worlds. Artist Guadalupe Maravilla's performance in which personal testimonio takes alien form is no exception. In Walk on Water, beast, coyote, and extraterrestrial populate the collaborative promenade staged on the...

Forensic discrimination of plastic cable ties

Forensic discrimination of plastic cable ties

"일상의 소재를 이용한 새로운 조형의 실험 -케이블 타이의 결속방법과 이를 이용한 적층식 조형을 중심으로-"

일상의 소재인 케이블 타이(Cable Tie)를 이용한 지금까지의 조형작업들은 기본적인 작업방식이 유사하거나 결과가 특정한 유형에 한계를 가지고 있다. 이 연구는 케이블 타이로 만들 수 있는 새로운 구조의 기본 형태를 제안하고 이를 통해 자립할 수 있는 적층방식의 입체물을 제작하고 시각적 효과를 실험하여 새로운 형태의 입체물에 대한 가능성을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 새로운 형태의 실험에 대한 타당성과 방향성을 확보하기 위한 연구방법으로 1)케이블 타이 작업의 속성을 이해하기 위한 형태와 질감에 대한 이론들에 대한 검토와 2)2008년부터 발표된 케이블 타이 작업들의 조사와 분석을 진행했다. 케이블 타이의 결합이 만들어내는 형태로부터 점과 선, 면 등의 기본 조형요소들이 있으며 확장된 형태의 입체로부터 비정형성과 유기성을 가진다. 2008년부터 발표된 케이블 타이 작업들을 진행한 주체에 따라 단체와 개인으로 1차 분류하고 각각의 작업들을 조형요소와 조형특성, 구성방식, 형태특징으로 재분류하고 분석했다. 이를 통해 단체작업과 개인작업에서의 규모 차이가 조형특성의 차이로 연결되고 있으며 공통적으로 작업들이 특정한 형태를 유지하기 위해서는 별도의 부재를 필요로 한다는 점을 확인했다. 다음으로 케이블 타이만으로 온전히 자립할 수 있는 조형작업을 위한 실험과정을 단계별로 진행했다. 먼저, 육각형태의 입체를 기본 단위형태(Unit 2)로 제작하고 각각의 기본 단위 형태들이 적층될 수 있도록 확장된 단위형태들(Unit 3, Unit 4)을 제안했다. 단위형태들 간의 상하 맞물림을 통해 구조적으로 자립과 적층이 가능하도록 했으며, 기본형(Unit 2)의 제작과정에서 부분별로 색상을 달리하여 색상 변화의 효과를 실험했다. 최종결과물로서 하단의 흰색에서부터 상단의 적색까지 점층적인 색상 변화를 느낄 수 있는 적층식 입체결과물을 제작했다. 이 작업을 통해 자립이 가능한 독립적인 형태와 색상을 적용한 새로운 조형의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다는 데 의의가 있다.

Demountable Rod Structures with Flexible Connections Ensuring the Reliability and Safety of Construction Objects

Individual walls of structures based on wedge-type scaffolding can be different in height and are often used as enclosing structures for different cultural and sporting events. Usually, such structures are covered in the longitudinal direction with an awning cloth on both sides, which is why they take on the full wind load from the entire area of the awning. When calculating such structures, the wind load is the determining load. In practice, these structures are built according to the recommendations of the manufacturer’s catalog of scaffolding, and they are repeatedly statically indeterminate systems with a large number of unloaded elements. This increases the material consumption of the structure and increases the cost of transport and installation work. In structures made of modular scaffolding, diagonal elements are used to give spatial rigidity to the structure, to reduce the calculated length of vertical elements, and to perceive the shift movements of the cell caused by uneven vertical movements of adjacent posts and horizontal loads. A structure with a full set of diagonal elements has a large number of weakly loaded elements. In this regard, it is possible to perform the so-called «discharged» construction scheme for more efficient use, replacing rigid diagonal elements with cable ties and reducing the number of diagonal elements in the longitudinal direction. The main task of the work is to analyze the stress-strain states of both the original system with rigid diagonal elements and systems obtained by partially replacing standard diagonals with flexible connections in the form of pre-stressed and non-pre-stressed cable ties. In order to study the actual operation of elements of rod collapsible structures and improve their design solutions, an experimental study of a fragment of the Layher system with cable ties was performed. Based on the experiment, it was determined that the actual movements when using flexible connections differ significantly from the calculated ones. The reason for the discrepancy is the deformation of the elements in the attachment points. To increase the rigidity, the design of the attachment unit needs to be changed.