Ca Levels Research Articles

Renal Assessment in the Setting of Pediatric Living Related Liver Transplantation

Abstract Background Liver transplantation in the pediatric age group has become the last resort and yet the preferred option for many end stage liver disorders. This field shows a great improvement and is considered a breakthrough achievement for previously fatal liver diseases. Renal functions are not thoroughly studied in pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation. Aim of the Work To determine the prevalence and risk factors of renal dysfunction among pediatric living related liver transplantation (LRLT). Patients and Methods This was a cross sectional retrospective and prospective cohort study in which a pilot study for a six-month duration is estimating the incidence of renal dysfunction among LRLT. A total of 40 patients were enrolled during the duration of the study from Ain Shams University, pediatric hospital and Dr. Yassin Abdel Ghaffar charity center for liver disease and research. Full history and clinical examination was performed as well as base line investigations preoperatively including: Serum Creatinine, Urea, Na, K, PO4, Ca, corrected creatinine clearance and urine analysis. Post-operative assessment was done to same parameters in addition to: Serum Mg, Cl, HCO, uric acid, drug trough level of used immunosuppressive drugs, 24 hours’ urinary proteins, and 24 hours’ assessment of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, PO4, HCO3) in case of lowered serum levels. Moreover, pre and postoperative pelviabdominal U/S to check kidney status (size, echogenicity, RI of renal arteries) was assessed. Results Forty patients were analyzed of which 70% of the patients were males. The mean age at transplantation was 6.84±3.3 years. The commonest diagnosis of the studied group was high gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) cholestasis (35%) followed by Biliary atresia (22.5%). Of the enrolled patients, 50% were CHILD-B score, the median of the CHILD Score prior to transplantation was 8 and the median of the PELD score was 7.4. 87.5% of the patients had normal urine analysis, and normal proteinuria in 100% of the patients. The postoperative laboratory investigations were within the normal ranges. Mg was low in 67% of patients while Ca was low in 42.5%.The mean of creatinine, K and Ca levels are significantly elevated after LT (P < 0.05). After a mean duration since transplantation of 4 years, we found that 82.5% of our patients were CKD G1. S. creatinine was positively correlated with the patient age, duration of transplantation, s. uric acid, and average Fk level over the past year(P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion Renal dysfunction is a common, yet may be an underestimated, problem after pediatric liver transplant. Renal impairment was limited in our patients probably due to favorable perioperative conditions. Our pediatric recipients require mandatory and planned nephrologic evaluation to early detect any renal impairment which may develop into an end-stage renal disease and eventually increase the patient mortality rate. Further studies with larger cohort of patients and more advanced methods of assessment of renal functions are recommended.

Gene Variants of Vitamin D Receptor (TaqI T > C (rs731236) and BsmI G > A (rs1544410) in Urolithiasis

Background: Urolithiasis is the most prevalent uronephrologic disorder caused by genetic, environmental factors, and metabolic defects. Objectives: The present study aimed to find a possible association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) TaqI and the BsmI gene polymorphisms in relation to the serum levels of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D and the risk of urolithiasis. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 68 children with urolithiasis and 67 healthy controls for the VDR gene polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism method. Results: The frequency of TaqI C allele was 36% in patients compared to 32.1% in controls (P = 0.49). A significantly higher frequency of the TaqI CC genotype was found among patients in the age group > 5 to 10 years. No significant difference was detected in the frequency of the BsmI A allele between patients (41.9%) and controls (42.5%, P = 0.91). However, a significantly lower frequency of the BsmI AA genotype was detected compared to those patients with Ca levels of > 10.8 mg/dL among patients with Ca levels of ≤ 10.8 mg/dL. Conclusions: Based on the results, a lack of an association between the VDR TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms with the risk of urolithiasis among children from Western Iran. However, a higher frequency of the TaqI CC genotype was found in the age group > 5 to 10 years. In addition, lower levels of Ca in patients were related to a significantly lower frequency of the BsmI AA genotype. The VDR gene BsmI polymorphism might affect the calcium level and the calcium metabolism in urolithiasis.

MAPK signaling pathway participates in the regulation of intestinal phosphorus and calcium absorption in broiler chickens via 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Four experiments were performed to investigate the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in intestinal absorption of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 assessed how dietary levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) influence the gene expression of intestinal P and Ca transporters in broilers. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 administered via intraperitoneal injection on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathways. Experiments 3 and 4 investigated the effect of ERK and p38MAPK inhibitors on the expression of intestinal P and Ca transporters. The findings demonstrated that broilers (1-21 days old) fed a 1,25(OH)2D3-deficient diet (0.625 µg/kg) exhibited reduced body weight, tibia P and Ca levels, and mRNA levels of P transporters (NaPi-IIb, PiT-1, and PiT-2), Ca transporters (NCX1, PMCA1b, and CaBP-D28k), vitamin D receptors (VDR), ERK, and p38MAPK in the duodenum (Experiment 1) (P < 0.05). By comparison, the growth, bone quality, and mRNA levels of genes (except for duodenal NaPi-IIb) in broilers were similar to those in broilers fed the control diet when dietary 1,25(OH)2D3 was adequate (5 µg/kg) (Experiment 1) (P > 0.05). After intraperitoneal injection of 1,25(OH)2D3, the mRNA level of jejunal NaPi-IIb and the protein level of p-p38MAPK/t-p38MAPK in broilers (9-14 days old) decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the mRNA level of CaBP-D28k and the protein level of p-ERK/t-ERK increased (Experiment 2) (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of jejunal NaPi-IIb and the protein expression of CaBP-D28k in broilers (9-17 days old) treated with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 were greater than those in the control group (Experiment 3) (P < 0.05). Similarly, compared with control broilers, broilers (9-17 days old) treated with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 showed elevated mRNA expression of jejunal NaPi-IIb and CaBP-D28k (Experiment 4) (P < 0.05). These results suggest that adequate supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 (5 µg/kg) can restore broiler growth and bone quality by upregulating the transcription of genes involved in intestinal P and Ca absorption. Additionally, the ERK and p38MAPK signaling pathways are implicated in the modulatory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the absorption of P and Ca in broilers.

Effect of lime on soil chemical properties and corn growth in Ultisols Lebak, Banten

Abstract The research aimed to study the effect of lime on soil chemical changes and corn growth in Ultisol Lebak, Banten. The soil used is acidic mineral soil with a pH of 4.8 and a high exchangeable (exch) Al content of 6.3 cmolc kg−1. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 6 treatments of lime doses with 5 replications. The dose of lime applied is based on exch Al namely 0, 0.5; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0 equivalent to 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 t ha−1, respectively, and 1.0 exch Al of fosfatan. The results showed that lime application improved soil chemical properties as reflected by increasing soil pH, exch Ca, Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and decreasing Al content and saturation. In addition, lime application increases the delta of soil pH. Soil acidity (pH) increased from 4.8 to 6.3; exch Ca levels increased from 1.61 to 12.77 cmolc kg−1, exch Mg levels increased from 0.78 to 0.88 cmolc kg−1.

Optimizing Slow-Release Fertilizer Rate for Crop and Soil Productivity in Kimchi Cabbage Cropping Systems in the Highlands of Gangwon Province

Slow-release fertilizer (SRF) improves Kimchi cabbage (KC) productivity in the Highlands of Gangwon Province in South Korea; however, optimum rates for the region are not established. This study investigated the optimum and most economical rate of SRF that maximizes KC yield, nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and enhances soil quality in two experiments at the Highland Agriculture Research Institute. Post-harvest soil N (mg kg−1), P2O5 (mg kg−1), K, Ca and Mg (cmolc kg−1), pH (1:5), electrical conductivity (EC; dSm−1) and organic matter (OM; g kg−1) were measured to assess soil quality. Added net returns (ANR) of treatments were evaluated. Recommended N rate (238 kg ha−1) for KC production was the basis for treatment applications. Treatments included no fertilizer control (‘nf’), full N recommendation SRF (SF1), ½ N recommendation SRF (SF0.5), double N recommendation SRF (SF2) and full N recommendation conventional fast fertilizer (FF). Results showed that SF0.5, SF1 and SF2 influenced the highest KC marketable yield in both experiments (66–74 and 42–66 Mg ha−1, respectively). SRF rates between 0.5 and 1 times the N recommendation produced the highest possible linear increases in marketable yield; and the most economical, with ANR &gt; KRW 83 million ha−1 in the first experiment and &gt; KRW 22 million ha−1 in the second. Crop N, P, K, Ca and Mg uptakes were highest among the three SRF rates in both experiments. SF0.5 influenced the highest (91%) NUE in the first experiment; however, it left 8 mg kg−1 N by the end of this experiment compared to the start-up 27.2 mg kg−1 N. Thus, nutrient mining occurred. Soil N increased between 23 and 135 mg kg−1 by SF 1 and 2 in both experiments. Soil EC spiked to 0.6 dSm−1 from the initial level of 0.2 dSm−1 by SF2 in the first experiment. Soil pH, P2O5, K, Ca and Mg levels post-harvest were comparable among treatments in both experiments. SF0.5, 1 and 2 increased soil OM by 7–16% above pre-experimental levels in the second experiment. In conclusion, SRF rates between 0.5 and 1 for KC produced the maximum corresponding KC yield and were the most economical. SRF rates ≤ 0.5 pose risks of nutrient mining, which could jeopardise native soil fertility. SF1 and 2 improved some soil quality indices (N and OM). However, SF2 potentiates risks of soil salinity and large P losses, and it is less economical. Therefore, for holistic sustainability of the cropping system, the optimum SRF rate should lie between 0.5 and 1 N recommendation.

Determination of phytic acid disappearance, ileal P digestibility at different dietary Ca levels, and relative P bioavailability in soybean meal, canola meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, corn fermented protein, and wheat middlings

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate P utilization in soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn fermented protein (CFP), and wheat middlings (WM) using different assays. In Experiment 1, phytic acid disappearance (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis; InsP6D) and inositol phosphate disappearance (InsP-PD) were determined using precision-fed cecectomized Leghorn roosters. Roosters were precision-fed 20 to 25 g of SBM, CM, DDGS, CFP, and WM. In Experiment 2, InsP6D, InsP-PD, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of P at different Ca levels were determined using ad libitum-fed broiler chickens. Semi-purified cornstarch-dextrose-based diets containing SBM, CM, DDGS, CFP, and WM as the sole source of P were fed. All diets contained 0.21% P and limestone was added at the expense of dextrose to provide 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75% Ca. In Experiment 3, P bioavailability relative to KH2PO4 was determined based on tibia bone ash. Experiments contained 5 to 6 replicates per treatment. In Experiment 1 with precision-fed roosters, InsP6D and InsP-PD ranged from 8 to 71% among feedstuffs, with the lowest (P < 0.05) disappearance being observed in SBM. In Experiment 2 with ad libitum-fed chickens, there was a Ca × ingredient interaction (P < 0.05) whereby increasing Ca linearly decreased (P < 0.05) InsP6D, InsP-PD, and SID of P for all feedstuffs, excluding CFP. Estimated P digestibility calculated using InsP6D in Experiment 1 was in good agreement with SID in Experiment 2 determined at 0.75% Ca, except for SBM. In Experiment 3, regression of bone ash content (mg/tibia) on supplemental P intake yielded P bioavailability values ranging from 30 to 81% among feedstuffs relative to KH2PO4, with the highest (P < 0.05) bioavailability being observed for DDGS and CFP. In conclusion, 1) InsP6D in precision-fed roosters can provide preliminary indications of P digestibility in plant-based feedstuffs, 2) SID determined at 0.75% Ca was in good agreement with other bioassays, and 3) P in DDGS and CFP was highly available compared with other feedstuffs.

Evaluation of Serum Cytokeratines, Thymidine Kinase, and Growth Factors as Cancer Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.

Classical serum cancer biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), remain important tools in colorectal cancer (CRC) management for disease follow up. However, their sensitivity and specificity are low for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of biomarkers reflecting biological activity of tumors - tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1), thymidine kinase (TK), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) - together with the CEA and CA 19-9 in CRC diagnosis and prognosis. This is a retrospective study including 148 CRC patients and 68 age-matched healthy subjects. Serum biomarkers were measured in pre-operative serum samples using immunoanalytical methods. The end-point for the diagnostic evaluation was the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) of the biomarkers. The end-point for the prognostic evaluation was overall survival. Serum levels of CEA, CA 19-9, TPS, and TK were significantly increased in CRC early-stage patients compared with healthy controls. Each of the studied biomarkers had AUC between 0.6 and 0.7. Analysis of survival demonstrated that the patients with CEA, CA 19-9, cytokeratin, and TK above optimal cut offs had significantly shorter survival. A multivariate analysis performed on all the study biomarkers resulted in the selection of CYFRA 21-1 as the best performing biomarker with hazard ratio 10.413. The combination of cytokeratins and thymidine kinase with classical cancer biomarkers enables the prediction of tumor aggressiveness and long-term prognosis.

Estimation of calories intake, iron, zinc, and selenium among children of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan.

Malnutrition is one of the most serious community health issues in developing countries. This study estimated total energy intake, Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Calcium (Ca), and Phosphate (PO4) levels among school-going children (aged 13-17 years) of the underprivileged area in Sindh, Pakistan. Children from Mithi City, District Tharparkar, were selected for this cross-sectional investigation. Students from various schools from both genders who fulfilled the selection criteria were selected. A questionnaire was filled, and five ml blood samples were taken to analyze blood parameters. Each participant's estimated nutrient intake (ENI) per day was assessed and matched to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) to determine their micro and macronutrient intake. A total of 300 school-going children [150(50%) boys (mean age 15± 0.8 years) and 150(50%) girls (mean age 14±1.3years)] were included in this study. Total calories (1449±949 Kcal vs. 1245±215 Kcal; p < .001), carbohydrates (138±27 gm vs. 126 ±25 gm; p < .001) protein (47±9.1 gm vs. 44±6 gm; p < .001) was significantly higher among boys compared to girls. In contrast, calcium (1094±105 mg vs. 1144±100; 0.004), phosphate 1050±125 vs. 1148±147; p<0.001), iron (9.2±1.7 mg vs. 10±1.3 mg; p<0.001), and Zinc (7.4±1.8 mg vs. 9.9±1.7 mg; p<0.001) intake was significantly higher among girls than boys. Gender-wise comparison of serum metals in school-going children showed that serum iron was significantly lower among girls than boys (100.86±25.65 μg/dl vs. 78.48±28.66 μg/dl; p<0.001), and no difference was found in serum Zn, Se, and Ca levels. Total proteins were also significantly lower among girls than boys (6.48±1.01g/dl vs. 4.87±1.4301g/dl; p<0.001). Serum iron, Ca, and total proteins were significantly lower among girls with normal ranges compared to boys with normal ranges. Total protein was significantly lower among girls below normal ranges than boys with normal ranges (p < .001). The correlation of carbohydrates, protein, and fat with some serum biochemical parameters in school-going children showed that serum Fe was significantly linked with proteins (r = 0.255; p < .0.05). Our findings showed a concurrent shortage of macro and micronutrients. The current study also revealed that total energy intake was lower than the RDA and significant Fe, Zn, and Se deficiencies. The findings highlight the importance of measures aimed at improving children's nutritional status.

Serum magnesium and calcium were inversely associated with hemoglobin glycation index and triglyceride-glucose index in adults with coronary artery disease.

Little is known about the associations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) with hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in adults. In this study, we examined the associations of serum Mg and Ca with HGI and TyG in adults with coronary artery disease (CAD). This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 10757 CAD patients with a mean age of 61.6 years. Serum concentrations of Mg and Ca were measured in clinical laboratory. Overall, serum Mg and Ca were inversely associated with HGI and TyG. In multivariable analyses, Mg and Ca were inversely associated with HGI (MgQ4 vs. Q3: -0.601 vs. -0.528; CaQ4 vs. Q1: -0.769 vs. -0.645). In terms of TyG, inverse associations of serum Mg and Ca with TyG were observed. The corresponding TyG values were 9.054 (vs. 9.099) for Mg and 9.068 (vs. 9.171) for Ca in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile. Moreover, Mg, Ca or Mg/Ca ratio were also inversely associated with HbA1c and FBG. In path analysis, no mediating effects of obesity on "serum Mg (or Ca)- HGI (or TyG)" associations were observed. Generally, our study identified the inverse associations of the serum Mg and Ca levels with HGI and TyG in adults with CAD. Large sample longitudinal study, and particularly randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate our findings and overcome the limitations of cross-sectional studies.

The contribution of Ca and Mg to the accumulation of amino acids in maize: from the response of physiological and biochemical processes

BackgroundThe quality of maize kernels is significantly enhanced by amino acids, which are the fundamental building blocks of proteins. Meanwhile, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), as important nutrients for maize growth, are vital in regulating the metabolic pathways and enzyme activities of amino acid synthesis. Therefore, our study analyzed the response process and changes of amino acid content, endogenous hormone content, and antioxidant enzyme activity in kernels to the coupling addition of sugar alcohol-chelated Ca and Mg fertilizers with spraying on maize.Result(1) The coupled addition of Ca and Mg fertilizers increased the Ca and Mg content, endogenous hormone components (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; gibberellin, GA; zeatin riboside, ZR) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and amino acid content of maize kernels. The content of Ca and Mg in kernels increased with the increasing levels of Ca and Mg fertilizers within a certain range from the filling to the wax ripening stage, and significantly positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activities. (2) The contents of IAA, GA, and ZR continued to rise, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were elevated, which effectively enhanced the ability of cells to resist oxidative damage, promoted cell elongation and division, and facilitated the growth and development of maize. However, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased consistently, which would attack the defense system of the cell membrane plasma to some extent. (3) Leucine (LEU) exhibited the highest percentage of essential amino acid components and a gradual decline from the filling to the wax ripening stage, with the most substantial beneficial effect on essential amino acids. (4) CAT and SOD favorably governed essential amino acids, while IAA and MDA negatively regulated them. The dominant physiological driving pathway for the synthesis of essential amino acids was “IAA-CAT-LEU”, in which IAA first negatively drove CAT activity, and CAT then advantageously controlled LEU synthesis.ConclusionThese findings provide a potential approach to the physiological and biochemical metabolism of amino acid synthesis, and the nutritional quality enhancement of maize kernel.

Subclinical hypocalcemia in primiparous lacaune ewes

Peripartum in sheep is a critical period of high nutritional demand, as the animal's body undergoes several physiological changes due to the high energy expenditure for the development of one or more fetuses and for maintenance, and metabolic disturbances can occur. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of subclinical hypocalcemia in the pre-partum period on the metabolism of primiparous Lacaune ewes in the peripartum period. Thirteen primiparous Lacaune ewes with an average body weight of 73.54 ± 10.70 kg, an average body score of 3.12 ± 0.42 and an average age of 0.85 ± 0.55 pairs of teeth were used. Blood samples and body condition score evaluations were taken from the ewes on days -14, -9 and -4 days before they were due to give birth and on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after giving birth. The ewes' serum was analyzed for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), albumin (ALB), total plasma proteins (PPT) and urea. The animals were categorized according to their average prepartum Ca levels into the normocalcemic group (NC ≥ 9.41) and subclinical hypocalcemia (HC &lt; 9.41 mg/dl). The data was analyzed using SAS software. The number of lambs at birth did not influence serum calcium levels in primiparous ewes (P= 0.4687). There was an interaction between group and collection on calcium (P=0.0166) and magnesium (P=0.0428) levels. The highest level of magnesium was observed in the normocalcemic group at collection -14, while the lowest level of calcium was observed in the hypocalcemic group at collection -14. There was a collection effect on body condition score (BCS), NEFA, BHB, AST and GGT (P&lt;0.05). The lowest BCS (P = 0.0300) and the highest levels of NEFA (P = 0.0143) and BHBA (P = 0.0316) were observed on day 14 after calving. Higher levels of AST and GGT were observed in the postpartum period (P&lt;0.05). The number of lambs at birth does not influence calcemia, and negative energy balance is more pronounced after birth in primiparous Lacaune ewes.

Mosaic coexistence of two subalpine grassland types as a consequence of soil nutrient heterogeneity

High-mountain areas often exhibit high soil heterogeneity, which allows for the close coexistence of plant species and communities with contrasting resource requirements. This study investigated the nutritional factors driving the mosaic distribution of Nardus stricta L. grasslands and chalk grasslands dominated by forbs in the subalpine southern Pyrenees (Spain). The concentrations of C, N, P, S, K, Ca and fiber fractions in herbage were analyzed in relation to soil nutrient availability; soil β-glucosidase, urease, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities; and plant species and functional type compositions. The chalk grassland showed higher N:P ratios in herbage and higher enzyme demand for P relative to N in the soil, which indicates a greater limitation of P versus N compared to Nardus grassland. This limitation was related to the higher soil and plant Ca levels in the chalk grassland, where the calcareous bedrock lies close to the soil surface. In the Nardus grasslands, the alleviation of P limitation translated into increased productivity and the replacement of forbs with taller graminoids rich in structural carbohydrates, which was mirrored by greater β-D-glucosidase activity. The plant N:K and P:K ratios indicated potential K deficiency in both grasslands, which resulted from decreased uptake of K in competition with Ca, as indicated by the correlation between plant K and the soil K+:Ca2+ ratio. Our results highlight the effect of the heterogeneity of soil nutrient constraints, mediated by stoichiometry and dependent on microtopography, on the biodiversity of high-mountain ecosystems.

Construction and validation of parametric models to predict radium sorption in soils

Elucidating the factors affecting the transfer of naturally occurring radionuclides (NOR) between environmental compartments is a key part of the assessment of ecosystem's exposure to naturally occurring radionuclide materials (NORM). For that, the sorption and desorption solid-liquid distribution coefficients (Kd) of radium (Ra) were quantified in a collection of 31 soil samples with contrasting edaphic properties under controlled conditions in laboratory batch experiments. Ra sorption was demonstrated to be moderate to high, with Kd (Ra) values ranging from 102 to 103 L kg−1. Ra sorbed was mostly irreversible, as evidenced by desorption percentages lower than 2 %. An exploratory analysis with partial least squares (PLS) regression identified the soil properties that correlated with Kd (Ra) and discarded those that were not relevant for describing Kd variability. A dataset of the sorption Kd (Ra) values and associated soil properties was built from our own data and from the literature after performing an in-depth review of similar Ra sorption studies. For the first time, Kd (Ra) parametric prediction models were constructed using univariate linear regression (ULR) and multivariate linear regression (MLR). Ra sorption in soils was mostly explained by the soil properties directly or indirectly related to the available exchange sites, such as the levels of water-soluble and exchangeable Ca and Mg as well as the pH of the contact solution. The most promising models explained around 80 % of the Kd (Ra) data variance, only needing Kd (Ca + Mg) or additional soil descriptors such as pH, Mn content, and the specific surface area. The validation of the proposed models confirmed that Kd (Ra) can be predicted with only a few soil properties that can be characterised in routine analysis. Thus, the proposed models could be used to estimate the interaction of Ra in soils in risk assessment.

Effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) seed-based diet on rats: A comprehensive evaluation of hemogram, biochemistry, and histopathology.

Sainfoin species (Onobrychis spp.) have been employed for centuries as an essential forage for ruminant animals, both for grazing and as hay. The seeds produced by sainfoin have also been investigated as an animal feed source and were indicated to be a particularly protein-rich supplement for monogastric animals. This study explores the effects of two sainfoin seed inclusion rates in rat diets compared to a control diet, focusing on blood biochemical parameters and a comprehensive histopathological evaluation of multiple organ systems. Thus, we provide a novel contribution to the body of evidence investigating sainfoin seeds as a protein supplement in monogastric animal diets. In this 21-day experiment, seven rats each were assigned to the control group, a 5% sainfoin seed group, and a 10% sainfoin seed group. The control group received standard feed and water; the second group received feed with 5% sainfoin seeds; and the third group received feed with 10% sainfoin seeds. At the experiment's end, necropsies and evaluations were conducted. Histopathological exams revealed normal organ structures in all 21 samples, regardless of the group. Blood analysis showed statistically significant decreases in creatine, ALT, P, Ca, and Mg levels in the sainfoin seed groups compared to the control group, with most values nearing reference levels, suggesting potential benefits. Notably, no adverse effects were observed when sainfoin seeds were included at 5% and 10% in the rat feed. These findings contribute to a growing body of research investigating the inclusion of sainfoin seeds in monogastric animal diets, which is a foundational component of assessing sainfoin's potential as a novel pulse crop for human consumption.

Evaluation of calcium, phosphorus and some biochemical parameters in dogs with open and closed cervix pyometra

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in calcium, phosphorus and some biochemical parameters in dogs with open and closed cervix pyometra, which was then compared with a control group. A total of 62 bitches of age group 5-10 years old irrespective of breed were enrolled into the study. Control group consisted of 22 bitches which were clinically healthy and in luteal phase of the estrus cycle. On clinical examination, pyometra was diagnosed in 40 bitches while 23 out of 40 bitches had open-cervix pyometra and 17 of 40 bitches had closed-cervix pyometra. Evaluation of haematological changes revealed that there was increased white blood cell (WBC), total protein (TP), globulin, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) while decreased glucose (Glu), albumin (Alb) and albümin globulin ratio in pyometra cases (p&amp;lt;0.001). The highest WBC and ALKP levels were detected in closed-cervix pyometra group (p&amp;lt;0.001). Calcium (Ca+2) levels had significant rise in open-cervix pyometra cases (p&amp;lt;0.05) while phosphorus (Phos) levels had tend to increase in closed-cervix pyometra cases (p=0.08). Also, Ca was directly correlated with Glu, Alb and TP while inversely correlated with WBC and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Crea). However, Phos was significantly associated with BUN and Crea (p&amp;lt;0.001; R=0.915 and R=0.860, respectively). As a result of this study, it was observed that the increased Ca levels in open-cervix cases and the elevated Phos levels in closed-cervix cases, were associated with the biochemical parameters related to hepatic and renal dysfunction in dogs with pyometra.

Serum Vitamin D Levels In Pediatric Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever

Introduction: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder. Vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in patients with various chronic inflammatory diseases. Several studies have elucidated the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity in pediatric Familial Mediterranean Fever patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in the development of Familial Mediterranean. Method: This study includes 95 pediatric patients diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever who were followed by the Department of Pediatrics at an Application and Research Hospital in Turkey and agreed to participate in the study. Additionally, 34 healthy children who consented to participate constituted the control group. The diagnosis of patients with FMF utilized the Tel-Hashomer criteria Results: The hormone levels of FMF and control groups were compared. Vitamin D levels, calcium, phosphorus, Parathyroid Hormone and Alkaline Phosphatase levels were analyzed. In the FMF group, the Vitamin D level was found to be significantly lower, while the Ca and phosphorus levels were significantly higher compared to the control group (both with p&lt;0.01). Although the difference in Ca levels between the two groups was statistically significant, the mean Ca levels of both groups remained within the normal range. Conclusion: In conclusion, the significant deficiency of serum vitamin D levels in pediatric FMF patients and its association with disease severity underscores the importance of regular monitoring and potential therapeutic intervention.

Speleomycological and chemical assessment of sediments in Demänovská Slobody Cave (Slovakia)

Our study unveils the complex interplay between fungal diversity and geochemical environments within the Demänovská Slobody Cave, marking the first comprehensive speleomycological and chemical investigation of its kind. Through meticulous analysis using both microscopic techniques and ITS region gene barcoding, we recorded 17 fungal species, including four previously unrecorded in subterranean settings (Cladosporium ramotenellum, Porostereum spadiceum, Rhexocercosporidium carotae, and Trichocladium nigrospermum), with Porostereum spadiceum as the most prevalent. These findings illuminate the crucial role of fungi in subterranean biogeochemical cycles, demonstrating how nutrient levels and pH significantly influence fungal populations. Namely, the levels of mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) and organic matter in sediments within the cave were lower than in soil those outside it. Conversely, the pH values of the tested samples inside the cave were higher compared to those outside. Positive correlations were observed between the average number of fungi and the content of N, P, K, CO, and organic matter (p < 0.05). Conversely, the concentration of fungi decreased with increasing levels of Mg, Ca, and pH (p < 0.05). This research not only expands our understanding of cave ecosystems but also sets a new precedent for exploring the ecological impact of fungi in extreme environments.

Influence of calcium sequestering salt type and concentration on the characteristics of processed cheese made from Gouda cheese of different ages

The effect of 90, 180 and 270 mEq/kg of the calcium sequestering salts (CSS) disodium phosphate (DSP), trisodium citrate (TSC) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) on the solubilisation of proteins and minerals and the rheological and textural properties of processed cheese (PC) prepared from Gouda cheese ripened for 30–150 d at 8°C was studied. The solubilisation of individual caseins and Ca and the maximum loss tangent during temperature sweeps of PC made from Gouda cheese increased, while hardness of PC decreased with ripening duration of the Gouda cheese. Levels of soluble Ca in PC increased with increasing concentration of TSC and SHMP, but decreased with increasing concentration of DSP. The solubilisation of casein and Ca due to ripening of Gouda cheese used for manufacturing PC could explain the changes in texture and loss tangent of PC. The results suggest that DSP, TSC or SHMP in PC formulation can form insoluble Ca-phosphate, soluble Ca-citrate or insoluble casein-Ca-HMP complexes, respectively, that influence casein solubilisation differently and together with levels of residual intact casein determine the functional attributes of PC.

Untargeted metabolomics revealed the mechanism of aucubin on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice through modulating arachidonic acid metabolism

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) represents the most prevalent form of secondary osteoporosis. Aucubin (AU), a principal active component found in traditional herbal medicines such as Eucommia ulmoides, has been demonstrated to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Nonetheless, the precise therapeutic effects of AU on GIOP and the complex underlying regulatory mechanisms warrant further investigation. We first established a GIOP model in female mice and then assessed the therapeutic effects of AU using micro-CT analysis, biomechanical testing, measurements of serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels, and histological analyses using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Subsequently, non-targeted metabolomics was employed in order to study the effects of AU on serum metabolites in GIOP mice. The levels of the factors related to these metabolites were quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses. Finally, the effects of AU on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation were examined. We found that AU significantly ameliorated bone microarchitecture and strength in GIOP mice. It mitigated pathological damages such as impairment of trabecular bone structure and reduction in collagen fibers, while concurrently elevating serum levels of Ca and P. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism serves as a common pathway between the control and GIOP groups, as well as between the high-dose AU (AUH) and GIOP groups. AU notably upregulates prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase 1 (PTGES) expression and downregulates prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PTGDS) expression. Furthermore, AU treatment increased the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and transcription factor Sp7 (Osterix), enhanced serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and reduced osteoclast expression. These results indicate that AU is a potential drug for treating GIOP, and its mechanism is related to regulating AA metabolism and promoting osteoblast differentiation. However, the key targets of AU in treating GIOP still need further exploration.

Mechanism study of 6-shogaol alleviating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating microRNA-26a-5p/death-associated protein kinase 1

To investigate whether 6-shogaol (6-SH) alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuronal autophagy and calcium overload by promoting the expression of microRNA-26a-5p (miR-26a-5p) and inhibiting death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), and to explore its potential mechanisms. Primary cultured logarithmic growth phase mouse hippocampal neurons HT22 cells were taken and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability, searching for the optimal concentration of Na2S2O4. HT22 cells were divided into blank control group (NC group), OGD/R group (sugar-free culture medium + 10 mmol/L Na2S2O4 treatment for 1.5 hours followed by normal culture medium for 4 hours), 6-SH intervention group (cultured with 10 μmol/L 6-SH for 4 hours after OGD), negative control inhibitor pretreatment group (transfected with negative control inhibitor for 48 hours followed by OGD, then cultured with 6-SH for 4 hours), and miR-26a-5p inhibitor pretreatment group (transfected with miR-26a-5p inhibitor for 48 hours followed by OGD, then cultured with 6-SH for 4 hours). Cell viability of each group was detected by CCK-8 method; cell ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscopy; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the gene expressions of DAPK1 and miR-26a-5p; molecular docking were used to verify the interaction between 6-SH and miR-26a-5p; dual-luciferase assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between DAPK1 and miR-26a-5p; flow cytometry was used to determine the levels of intracellular Ca2+; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of phosphorylated-glutamate receptor 2B (p-NMDAR2B) Ser1303, DAPK1, autophagy related protein Beclin1, light chain 3 (LC3), and p-DAPK1 Ser308; immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of LC3 and Beclin1. The results of the CCK-8 assay showed that the cell viability of the 6-SH intervention group was significantly increased compared to the OGD/R group, while the cell viability of the miR-26a-5p inhibitor pretreatment group was significantly decreased compared to the 6-SH intervention group. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the number of autophagosomes in the 6-SH intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the OGD/R group, while the number of autophagosomes in the miR-26a-5p inhibitor pretreatment group was significantly increased compared to the 6-SH intervention group. RT-qPCR results showed that compared with the OGD/R group, the expression of miR-26a-5p was significantly upregulated and the expression of DAPK1 mRNA was significantly downregulated in the 6-SH intervention group; compared with the 6-SH intervention group, the expression of miR-26a-5p was significantly downregulated and the expression of DAPK1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in the miR-26a-5p inhibitor pretreatment group. Molecular docking verified the interaction between 6-SH and miR-26a-5p. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that compared with the negative control group, mmu-miR-26a-5p significantly downregulated the luciferase expression of m-DAPK1-3UTR-WT, indicating a binding interaction between them. Flow cytometry results showed that compared with the OGD/R group, the level of intracellular Ca2+; was significantly decreased in the 6-SH intervention group; compared with the 6-SH intervention group, the level of Ca2+ was significantly increased in the miR-26a-5p inhibitor pretreatment group. Western blotting results showed that compared with the OGD/R group, the protein expressions of p-NMDAR2B Ser1303, DAPK1, Beclin1, and LC3 were significantly decreased in the 6-SH intervention group (p-NMDAR2B Ser1303/β-actin: 2.34±0.27 vs. 4.78±0.39, DAPK1/β-actin: 1.40±0.13 vs. 2.37±0.21, Beclin1/β-actin: 2.61±0.32 vs. 4.32±0.29, LC3/β-actin: 2.52±0.45 vs. 5.09±0.18, all P < 0.05), while the protein expression of p-DAPK1 Ser308 was significantly increased (p-DAPK1 Ser308/β-actin: 0.66±0.09 vs. 0.40±0.02, P < 0.05); compared with the 6-SH intervention group, the protein expressions of p-NMDAR2B Ser1303, DAPK1, Beclin1, and LC3 were significantly increased in the miR-26a-5p inhibitor pretreatment group (p-NMDAR2B Ser1303/β-actin: 4.08±0.14 vs. 2.34±0.27, DAPK1/β-actin: 1.96±0.15 vs. 1.40±0.13, Beclin1/β-actin: 3.92±0.31 vs. 2.61±0.32, LC3/β-actin: 4.33±0.33 vs. 2.52±0.45, all P < 0.05), while the expression of p-DAPK1 Ser308 protein was significantly decreased (p-DAPK1 Ser308/β-actin: 0.33±0.12 vs. 0.66±0.09, P < 0.05); immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with the OGD/R group, the fluorescence intensity of LC3 and Beclin1 was significantly decreased in the 6-SH intervention group; compared with the 6-SH intervention group, the fluorescence intensity of LC3 and Beclin1 was significantly increased in the miR-26a-5p inhibitor pretreatment group. 6-SH can alleviate neuronal damage by regulating miR-26a-5p/DAPK1 to reduce autophagy and calcium overload in cells.