By-product Of Rice Processing Research Articles

Fermentation Kinetics of Rice Syrup, with High Content of Dextrose Equivalent, bySaccharomyces cerevisiaeand Characterization of Volatile Compounds from Wine

Rice wine was made from broken rice (by-product of rice processing), which was hydrolyzed by amylolytic enzymes, producing syrup with high content of dextrose equivalent (51.04% DE). The must presented 164 g/L of glucose (15 ºBx) and pH of 2.67 was fermented for 22 h at 25C by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermented alcoholic (rice wine) reached yield value of 74.94% (Y1), 91.71% (Y2) and productivity (Pp) of 2.85 g/Lh in alcohol, with alcohol concentration of 62.8 g/L, 28.0 g/L of glucose, 2.5 °Bx and pH of 3.0. The kinetic parameters – Yp/s 27.75%, μN 0.008 h−1, gt 3.99 h, PN 0.13 logUFC/mLh – were determined. The wine contained a total of 11 volatile compounds identified by GC-FID, 7 alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-amylic alcohols, iso-butanol and glycerol), 2 aldehydes (acetaldehyde and acetol), 1 ester (ethyl acetate) and 1 ketone (acetone). Practical Applications The product obtained showed potential features to be employed not only as alcoholic beverage, but also as a raw material in the production of other products such as vinegar, adding value to rice processing. Considering the production outlook and the amount of generated by-product, it is a lower cost substrate for such application. The characterization of volatile flavor compounds might be made use not only for a better understanding of this new-type product, but also for the further utilization in other wine or alcohol production.

By-products of Rice Processing: An Overview of Health Benefits and Applications

Our study was centred on the increasing literature associated with rice by-products and main components, especially those intended to combat cancer, improve plasma lipid levels or control the blood glucose levels. Rice byproducts, such as rice straw, rice husks, rice bran, rice germ and broken rice, are extensively abundant agricultural wastes from the rice industry, and the percentage of their production depends on the milling rate and type of rice. Among all rice by-products, rice bran has been extensively studied. It contains phytochemicals such as γ-oryzanol, vitamin E, mainly tocotrienols and dietary fibre. This paper reviews the existing literature on the potential role of rice by-products, focusing not only on the role of rice bran but also on the roles of other rice by-products, such as rice germ and rice husk, in the management of the diseases, investigating their various potential uses in the food industry and all possible properties that may contribute to these effects.

Investigation of nutriactive phytochemical - gamma-oryzanol in experimental animal models.

Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is an abundant dietary antioxidant that is considered to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Other potential properties of GO include inhibition of gastric acid secretion and decreased post-exercise muscle fatigue. GO is a unique mixture of triterpene alcohol and sterol ferulates present in rice bran oil, a byproduct of rice processing. GO has been studied by many researchers over the last three decades. In particular, the utility of GO supplementation has been documented in numerous animal models. A large variety of species was examined, and various experimental methodologies and targets were applied. The aim of this study was to summarize the body of research on GO supplementation in animals and to examine possible mechanisms of GO action. Furthermore, while the safety of GO supplementation in animals has been well documented, studies demonstrating pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficiency are less clear. The observed differences in these findings are also discussed.

PRESSURIZED FLUID EXTRACTION OF RICE BRAN OIL USING A MODIFIED SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTOR AND A CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR OPTIMIZATION

Rice bran is a by-product of rice processing, obtained through the polishing of rice grain. It illustrates the high considerable oil content (between 15–25%) and it is considered as an excellent source of nutritionally beneficial compounds. Pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) technique was used for extraction of oil from rice bran. The extracted samples planned by the central composite design were used to achieve 100% extraction yield under the following conditions. The temperature, pressure, extraction time and the solvent flow rate were adjusted 77°C, 75 bar, 34 min, and 0.2 mL/min, respectively. It is evident that free fatty acid content, iodine value and saponification value of the oil obtained by PFE is lower than hexane-extracted oil (Soxhlet). The results indicated that pressurized fluid extraction is a practical technique for extraction of rice bran oil.

By-products of Rice Processing: An Overview of Health Benefits and Applications

Our study was centred on the increasing literature associated with rice by-products and main components, especially those intended to combat cancer, improve plasma lipid levels or control the blood glucose levels. Rice byproducts, such as rice straw, rice husks, rice bran, rice germ and broken rice, are extensively abundant agricultural wastes from the rice industry, and the percentage of their production depends on the milling rate and type of rice. Among all rice by-products, rice bran has been extensively studied. It contains phytochemicals such as γ-oryzanol, vitamin E, mainly tocotrienols and dietary fibre. This paper reviews the existing literature on the potential role of rice by-products, focusing not only on the role of rice bran but also on the roles of other rice by-products, such as rice germ and rice husk, in the management of the diseases, investigating their various potential uses in the food industry and all possible properties that may contribute to these effects.

Gamma-Oryzanol – A Multi-Purpose Steryl Ferulate

For the last couple of decades, there has been a surge of global interest pertaining to the beneficial nutritive effects of bioactive phytochemicals like γ- oryzanol (γ-OZ), obtained from crude rice bran oil (RBO), which is manufactured from rice bran, a by-product of rice processing. Oryzanol, although presumed to be a single component initially, was shown to be a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols and plant sterols. The γ-OZ component can be simultaneously separated and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography, once the RBO has been extracted from rice bran by solvent extraction using food grade n-hexane or by supercritical fluid extraction technology. A number of potentially therapeutically useful biological activities have been reported for γ-OZ, in terms of improvement of the plasma lipid pattern of rodents, rabbits, non-human primates and humans, reducing total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and cholesterol absorption from cholesterol-enriched diets and aortic fatty streaks and simultaneously increasing the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Other potential properties of γ- OZ, that have been studied both in vitro as well as in vivo are the modulation of the pituitary secretion, inhibition of the gastric acid secretion, antioxidant action and inhibition of the platelet aggregation. However, these studies were unable to produce unequivocal conclusions and had been conducted on animal species very different from each other, and using diverse experimental methodologies and targets. The current contribution provides a comprehensive review of the chemical constituents, pharmacological profile and the healthcare properties of γ-OZ as a nutraceutical. Keywords: Anti-oxidant, extraction, γ-oryzanol, in vivo, prevention, rice bran oil, Steryl Ferulate, nutritive effects, bioactive phytochemicals

A process line for the production of raffinated rice oil from rice bran

Rice bran is a by-product of rice processing, obtained through the polishing of the rice grain. It presents a considerable high oil content (between 20 and 25%) and it is considered an excellent source of nutritionally beneficial compounds, such as tocotrienols, tocopherols and sterols. Batch supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of rice bran with CO 2 was performed at different operational conditions (from 100 to 400 bar, 50 and 60 °C) and the extract yields were in the range of 20%. The next step corresponded to the deacidification of the obtained oil in a countercurrent (CC) column, where the experiments were carried out at 250 bar and 67 °C. The results have shown that the free fatty acids (FFA) removal from the crude rice bran oil (RBO) was successfully achieved. Deacidified RBO with <1% FFA could be obtained by applying the described process. To conclude this work, an industrial process has been proposed which couples batch SFE of rice bran with CC-SFE of the extracted oil obtained, in order to isolate the undesired FFA fraction from the raffinated oil, composed mainly by triglycerides (TG).

Electricity generation from rice husk in Indian rice mills: Potential and financial viability

Rice husk generated as a by-product of rice processing is an important energy resource. The availability of this resource in India has been assessed and the technologies for exploitation of its energy potential in rice processing industry discussed. Nomographs have been developed for estimation of the husk required to meet the energy demand of parboiling, drying and milling operations. The unit cost of electricity using rice husk gasifier-based power generation systems has been calculated and its financial feasibility assessed in comparison with utility-supplied and diesel-generated electricity. With the cost and efficiency data assumed here, the unit cost of electricity produced by rice husk gasifier-dual fuel engine-generator system varies between Rs 2/kWh and Rs 7/kWh. (Note: 35 Rs approximates to $US 1.)