Busy Work Schedules Research Articles

Childbearing Decisions in Residency: A Multicenter Survey of Female Residents.

To characterize how female residents make decisions about childbearing, factors associated with the decision to delay childbearing, and satisfaction with these decisions. In 2017, the authors sent a voluntary, anonymous survey to 1,537 female residents enrolled across 78 graduate medical education programs, consisting of 25 unique specialties, at 6 U.S. academic medical centers. Survey items included personal, partner, and institutional characteristics, whether the respondent was delaying childbearing during residency, and the respondent's satisfaction with this decision. The survey response rate was 52% (n = 804). Among the 447 (56%) respondents who were married or partnered, 274 (61%) were delaying childbearing. Residents delaying childbearing were significantly more likely to be younger (P < .001), not currently a parent (P < .001), in a specialty with an uncontrollable lifestyle (P = .001), or in a large program (P = .004). Among self-reported reasons for delaying childbearing, which were not mutually exclusive, the majority cited a busy work schedule (n = 255; 93%) and desire not to extend residency training (n = 145; 53%). Many cited lack of access to childcare (n = 126; 46%), financial concerns (n = 116; 42%), fear of burdening colleagues (n = 96; 35%), and concern for pregnancy complications (n = 74; 27%). Only 38% (n = 103) of respondents delaying childbearing were satisfied with this decision, with satisfaction decreasing with increasing age. Decisions to delay childbearing are more common in certain specialties, and many residents who delay childbearing are not satisfied with that decision. These findings suggest that greater attention is needed overall, and particularly in certain specialties, to promote policies and cultures that both anticipate and normalize parenthood in residency, thus minimizing the conflict between biological and professional choices for female residents.

English

The study examined how female staff of the College of Distance Education (CoDE), University of Cape Coast (UCC) balance work, family and personal life roles, amidst their busy work schedules. A 21-item well-structured questionnaire was developed to collect primary data. Using the convenient sampling technique, 32 female staff was selected for the sample. Statistical tools such as percentages, mean, standard deviation as well as regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between organizational, family and personal life roles of the respondents. The findings of the study revealed that female staff of CoDE is not able to balance work, family and personal due to situational roles and their busy work schedules. The study also show that the university does not support female staff with policies and programmes that would assist them in this regard. The urgent need for the university to enact institutional policies and to show commitment in establishing a work- family friendly environment was recommended. This is important since the female staff at CoDE work 15 h on the average daily, which far exceed their contractual working period of 8 h. Key words: Balance, work, family, personal life, perspectives, staff.

Dynamic Sitting Exercise versus Spinal Extension Exercise on Pain, Lumbar Mobility and Quality of Life in Adults with Mechanical Low Back Pain

Background: Now-a-days it is seen that busy work schedule and unhealthy environment leads to discontinuityin exercising despite of awareness and knowledge of its effectiveness on problems like low back pain. Thereare many factors including improper posture, over loading, immobility, trunk muscles weakness leads tomechanical low back pain in adults. Exercises of various types have been used in managing low back pain.Hence there is a need to find out a single functional and effective exercise for such problems so that they canbe done anytime during work and without any equipment which is also economical.Methodology: Thirty adults aged between 20-30 years participated in this comparative experimental study.After underwent physical screening for selection criteria mechanical low back pain followed by simplerandomization participants were divided into group A and group B. Group A and group B received dynamicsitting and spinal extension exercise respectively for thrice a week for six weeks. Pre and post values wereassessed using outcome measures Visual Analog Scale for pain, MMST used for lumbar mobility and ShortForm-36 Health Survey Questionnaire for quality of life.Results: In comparison of post test scores of outcome measures evidenced that the reduction of pain score,improvement in lumbar mobility and quality of life scores. There were significantly improvement among theadults with mechanical low back pain treated with Dynamic sitting exercise (DSE) than treated with Spinalextension exercise (SEE).Conclusion: 6 weeks of dynamic sitting and spinal extension exercise can prevent in pain and improvementin lumbar mobility and quality of life in adults with mechanical low back pain

Emergency Preparedness of Novo Ecijanos

This study utilized a descriptive research design to describe the emergency preparedness of selected Nueva Ecija residents working at different universities in the province. The researchers found out that the respondents’ main sources of emergency information are television and social media sites. Although the respondents believed that a major calamity will take place in their areas within the next 12 months, a great percentage of them are not preparing for emergency situations because of their busy work schedules. More than half of the respondents did not prepare home disaster kits and 73.98% of them did not conduct an emergency drill at home for the last 12 months. Likewise, 63.78% do not have a preparedness plan to communicate and meet their family members when there is an emergency such as fire, flood, gas leak, earthquake or severe weather. The result implies that most Novo Ecijano respondents are not prepared in any crisis that will happen in their localities.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Women Attending One of the Health Facilities in Hhohho Region, Swaziland, in Relation to Cervical Cancer and Screening

Background: In women cervical cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancers in developing countries, but it can be controlled through prevention and early detection of precursor lesions. In 2013 there were 223 new cases of cervical cancer in Swaziland with an estimated 118 cervical cancer related deaths. Most clients suffering from cervical cancer were below the age of 40 years and were diagnosed in the late stage. The study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in relation to cervical cancer screening and treatment at one of the health facilities in the Hhohho Region, in Swaziland. Methodology: A quantitative-descriptive approach was utilized among 56 participants selected using purposive sampling. Respondents were women who came for health care services at the Health Facility’s Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Department. The collected data were entered into SPSS and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation. Findings: Ninety-four percent (94.6%) of the respondents reported to have heard of cervical cancer, and 96.4% reported that screening for cervical cancer could detect symptoms before they appeared. Only 1.8% was aware of the association between cervical cancer and the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Thirty-seven percent (37.5%) of the respondents reported to have ever screened for cervical cancer. The major reasons reported for not screening were busy work schedule, and being turned back by nurses. There was a significant relationship between level of education and knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer (r=0.306, p=0.022). Data also supported a significant relationship between age of the respondents and knowledge on how to protect self from getting cervical cancer(r=-0.402, p=0.002). Data supported a significant relationship between knowledge on risk factors and knowledge on how to protect self from acquiring cervical cancer (r=0.295, p=0.027). Recommendations: It is recommended that nursing practice should also focus on the provision of services to the working class by offering cervical cancer screening services on weekends and public holidays. Nurses need to be more responsive to clients’ health needs and avoid turning clients back.

Geriatric Education Programs for Emergency Department Professionals: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate geriatric education programs for emergency department (ED) professionals based on: content and teaching methods and learning outcome effects and factors promoting or hindering program implementation.DESIGNSystematic review.SETTINGED.PARTICIPANTSPhysicians, nurses, and medical residents working in the ED.METHODS AND MEASUREMENTFive major biomedical databases were searched for (quasi) experimental studies, published between 1990 and April 2018, evaluating geriatric education programs for ED professionals. Data were synthesized around study quality, learning participants, teaching content and methods, and Kirkpatrick learning outcomes.RESULTSNine before‐after studies were included. Learners were mostly ED residents and, to a smaller extent, ED nurses and physicians. Study quality was moderate, with the lowest scores on sampling and instrument validity. Programs varied from a 1‐day workshop to a 2‐year curriculum, mostly combining didactic lectures with active and experiential learning formats. Topics commonly addressed included managing: geriatric syndromes, trauma and falls, medication, atypical presentations, and care transitions. Statistically significant improvements were mostly found in learners' knowledge acquisition (six studies). Significant improvements were also found in single studies on: self‐reported geriatric screening, documentation of geriatric care, and appropriate urinary catheter placement. Factors promoting program implementation included: solving competing educational demands and busy work schedules, embedding the program in preexisting curricula, and close collaboration between emergency and geriatric medicine faculties.CONCLUSIONSVarious geriatric education programs improve the geriatric knowledge of ED professionals and seem to positively impact their clinical practice. However, more program evaluations with larger study samples, and use of valid and reliable outcome measures, are needed to provide robust evidence on the effectiveness of such programs. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1–8, 2019. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2402–2409, 2019

P179 Nutrition Education for Asian Indian Fathers: What Works?

Background Fathers are mostly under-represented in family interventions targeting healthy eating behavior in children due to a variety of reasons including busy work schedules and maternal gatekeeping. There is a need to examine the most effective approach to engage fathers in nutrition education programs, especially in more traditional cultural groups such as Asian Indians. Objective This study aimed to determine participation preferences of Asian Indian fathers including their perspectives on preferred content and format of future nutrition education programing. Study Design, Settings, Participants This cross-sectional study included 70 Asian Indian fathers of 6-11-year-old children, recruited through various Indian community organizations in South Florida. Participants completed an online survey with questions on preferred nutrition education program participation, delivery mode, program duration, time and content. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Content and delivery preferences were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS V 25.0. Results About 48.6% (n = 34) of the participants said they were likely to attend a future nutrition education program. Of these, 67.6% (n = 23) preferred an online program delivery format. About 26.5% (n = 9), preferred a mix of online and in-person sessions and only 5.9% (n = 2) preferred an in-person nutrition education program. Majority of the participants preferred a duration of 30 minutes for in-person education sessions taking place either weekends/ weekdays after work. “Easy access”, “flexibility” and “easy accommodation with work schedule” were the most stated reasons for preference of online mode of delivery. When asked about content, fathers were most interested in learning about “healthy balanced diet for children” (n = 10), “making kids choose healthy when alone” (n = 5), “healthy eating options for vegetarians combining Indian and Western diet” (n = 5) and “nutrition needs for various child age groups” (n = 5). Conclusion These findings can guide the design and conduct of nutrition education interventions for Asian Indian fathers. There is a need for innovative program delivery techniques including web-based education to engage fathers in nutrition programming. Funding None.

Adherence to Levothyroxine Tablet in Patients with Hypothyroidism.

IntroductionPatients with hypothyroidism are managed with life-long levothyroxine (LT4) therapy. However, as with other chronic illnesses, drug adherence (DA) is a prominent issue in these patients. The aim of this study is to identify the extent of DA to LT4 in hypothyroidism patients and study the clinical factors contributing to DA in these patients.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed patient adherence to LT4 therapy by Modified Morisky Adherence Scale (MMAS). Factors predicting the pattern of medication adherence were also assessed in all patients. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS v. 22.0.ResultsOn MMAS, 79 (27.3%) participants indicated low adherence, 117 (40.48%) indicated medium adherence, and 93 (32.2%) participants indicated high adherence. Regular endocrinologist visits and knowledge about medication were highest in high adherent patients (p < 0.05). Need for assistance in taking medication, avoidance of medication with symptomatic relief and busy work schedule was highest in low adherent patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionPatients with hypothyroidism showed moderate adherence to their treatment.

Barriers to diabetic self-care: A qualitative study of patients' and healthcare providers' perspectives.

To explore patient and healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives about patients' barriers to the performance of diabetic self-care behaviours in Ghana. Sub-Saharan African urban populations are increasingly affected by type 2 diabetes due to nutrition transition, sedentary lifestyles and ageing. Diabetic self-care is critical to improving clinical outcomes. However, little is known about barriers to diabetic self-care (diet, exercise, medication taking, self-monitoring of blood glucose and foot care) in sub-Saharan Africa. Qualitative study that followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 23 people living with type 2 diabetes and 14 HCPs recruited from the diabetes clinics of three hospitals in Tamale, Ghana. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The constant comparative method of data analysis was used and identified themes classified according to constructs of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB): attitudes/behavioural beliefs, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Barriers relating to attitudes included misconceptions that diabetes was caused by spiritual forces or curses, use of herbal medicines, intentional nonadherence, difficulty changing old habits, and feeling or lacking motivation to exercise. Barriers relating to subjective norms were inadequate family support, social stigma (usually by spouses and other members of the community) and cultural beliefs. Perceived behavioural control barriers were poor income levels, lack of glucometers, busy work schedules, long distance to the hospital and inadequate access to variety of foods due to erratic supply of foods or seasonality. Both patients and HCPs discussed similar barriers and those relating to attitude and behavioural control were commonly discussed. Interventions to improve adherence to diabetic self-care should focus on helping persons with diabetes develop favourable attitudes and how to overcome behavioural control barriers. Such interventions should have both individualised and community-wide approaches.

Perspectives on male partner notification and treatment for syphilis among antenatal women and their partners in Kampala and Wakiso districts, Uganda

BackgroundSyphilis screening can be successfully integrated into antenatal clinics, and potentially avert significant morbidity and mortality to unborn infants. A minority of male partners report for testing and treatment, increasing the likelihood of reinfection. We conducted a qualitative study to understand factors influencing male partners to seek treatment after syphilis notification by their pregnant partners.MethodsA purposeful sample of 54 adults who participated in the STOP (Syphilis Treatment of Partners) study was stratified by gender (24 women, 30 male partners) and enrolled for in-depth interviews which were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the thematic approach.ResultsThe participants’ median age (IQR) was 32 years (25–44), 87% were married, and 57.4% (31/74) had attained secondary education. Fourteen of 22 (63%) female participants reported that they sometimes experienced domestic violence. Male participant’s knowledge of syphilis and their perception of their valued role as responsible fathers of an unborn baby facilitated return. Female’s fear of partner‘s violence and poor communication between partners, were barriers against delivery of the notification forms to partners and subsequent treatment of partners. For men, fear of injection pain, perceptions of syphilis as a genetic disease and as a woman’s problem, busy work schedules, poor access to good STD services, shared facilities with women in clinics, as well as HIV-related stigma were important barrier factors.ConclusionsThe return to the clinic for treatment of male partners after partner notification by infected pregnant women, was low due to limited knowledge about syphilis, fear of painful injection, fears of domestic violence, lack of communication skills (individual characteristics) and syphilis disease characteristics such as signs and symptoms. This, combined with health services characteristics such as structural barriers that hinder male partner treatment, low access, low capacity, work/time challenges, inadequate laboratory services and low clinic personnel capacity; threatens efforts to eliminate mother-to-child infection of syphilis. Improved public messaging about syphilis, better services, legal and policy frameworks supporting STD notification and treatment in resource-constrained settings are needed for effective STD control.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.govNCT02262390., Date Registered October 8 2014.

Kendala Dalam Penyelesaian Skripsi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi FIS UNP

This study aims to determine (1) the obstacles in completing the thesis of UNP FIS geography education students and (2) the efforts made by geography education students in completing their thesis. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive. The results of this study find (1) constraints in completing the thesis include internal constraints, namely the difficulty of finding the idea of the problem, lack of understanding of the topic of problems raised and the difficulty of pouring ideas into writing, and fear of facing the supervisor. While the external constraints of student constraints in completing the thesis are the difficulty of finding relevant reference sources, difficulties in meeting supervisors, lack of discussion friends, family problems, communication problems with supervisors, busy work and organization and schedule of OT activities with thesis work (2 ) student efforts in completing the thesis namely by visiting the library, more diligently going to campus to wait for the lecturer, planting positive thoughts, adding reference sources with journal surgery, discussing with friends, meeting the head of department and study program to ask for advice and quit work and organization

Factors Responsible for Delayed Presentation at the Dental Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

Abstract Background: It is a very sad experience, as a clinician, to see a patient presenting very late at a dental office with complicated oral health-related problems when the initial causal problem is very cheap, easy, and simple to treat. This study aims to determine the factors causing delay in seeking dental treatment among the patients visiting the dental clinic of the Fedearal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study was questionnaire-based survey of 172 non-paediatric patients attending the dental clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Data was obtained on their socio-demographic characteristics and the reasons behind their late presentation. Data analysis was done using the SPSS Version 20 Software. Results: Most of the participating patients were males (57.6%), Muslims (73.8%) and of age 16 – 35 years (65.1%). Also, 66.9% of them were from the Hausa tribe, 62.8% were married, and 40.1% had polytechnic/university education. The reasons indicated by the respondents for their delay in seeking early oral healthcare services at our dental clinic were diverse. However, the three most commonly given reason were: busy work schedules, dental anxiety, and preference for traditional treatment options. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of delayed presentation among patients visiting the dental clinic of the Federal Medical Centre situated in the Birnin Kebbi metropolis. This study also identified the reasons for such delays. This study also corroborates other studies in ascertaining that delayed dental visit is a public health and clinical problem in the Nigerian setting. Hence, there is an imminent need to ensure that the public are educated on oral health issues.

Childbearing and maternity leave in residency: determinants and well-being outcomes

PurposeTo characterise determinants of resident maternity leave and their effect on maternal and infant well-being. Among non-parents, to identify factors that influence the decision to delay childbearingStudy designIn 2016, a...

Factors in healthcare violence in care of pregnancy termination cases: A case study.

BackgroundWorkplace violence is a widely-reported phenomenon among healthcare providers and negatively affects quality of care and treatment. This study aims to understand the potential factors related to HCV through the experiences of women who have undergone a pregnancy termination due to fetal anomaly.MethodsQualitative interview was used to collect data in this case study. Forty-one pregnant women who decided to terminate their pregnancy due to fetal anomaly were recruited from four Chinese hospital facilities, including three general hospitals and one specialty hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China. In-depth interviews were conducted from May to September 2017. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsSeveral potential factors related to violence in healthcare facilities were identified, including preventive factors, which possibly relieve healthcare violence; and negative experiences, which potentially related to healthcare violence. Preventive factors include healthcare providers gaining patient trust with detailed observation, expressing patient-centered care through discreet behavior, and showing patience and professionalism. Factors related to violence include busy work schedules, hurried visits, mechanized process, patients’ scant medical knowledge and mental distress.ConclusionsThis study highlights potential factors related to healthcare violence. The results will be submitted to the Chinese government’s policy making department in order to improve the healthcare system. We also suggest several important strategies to prevent HCV in a healthcare setting, both in China and globally.

Learning-by-Concordance for Family Physicians: Revealing its Value for Continuing Professional Development in Dermatology.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is an important part of a physician's professional life. Yet, providing effective in-service training solutions is a persistent challenge for CPD planners. Methods Primary care physicians are frequently confronted with skin lesionsthey feel ill-prepared to manage. A dermatology Learning-by-concordance (LbC) online activity was developed and offered to family physicians for CPD credit. We were interested in finding out whether this online tool was suitable for CPD. Following a pilot phase, the on-line activity was launched and 45 geographically dispersed primary care physicians completed it. They participated in a telephone conference a week later with an expert to discuss outstanding questions. Evaluation was carried out by a survey that was available immediately after the last case. Results Participants found the on-line training tool user friendly and should be implemented on a larger scale. Participants found the dermatology concepts discussed allowed them to increase their knowledge and apply it to their practice. Discussion Among the strengths of LbC is that the learning task resemble those of a primary physician's daily practice. Finally, our study reveals that LbC is easily integrated in busy work schedules and thus is an effective learning solution for CPD.

Relations between Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Motivation, and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Medical Residents: A cross-sectional Study.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Residents in the medical field work to fulfil their clinical duties and study to pass exams at the same time. Thus, they need to continuously learn and acquire knowledge in a self-regulated manner that accommodates their busy work schedule. The importance of self-regulated learning (SRL) and its relation to motivation is widely recognized in educational literature, yet it is still not sufficiently explored in medical education literature. The relationship between self-regulated learning (SRL) and motivation has not been sufficiently explored among medical residents. A total of 160 residents from different medical departments at McGill University were asked to complete a questionnaire about their psychological needs satisfaction, motivation to learn, and use of SRL strategies. Our results showed that residents who are more intrinsically motivated reported more utilization of SRL strategies. Results are discussed in terms of their impact on medical education practice as well as their theoretical implications.

E-health and wellbeing monitoring using smart healthcare devices: An empirical investigation

According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal No. 3 (SDG – Goal 3), for sustainable development it is imperative to ensure health and well-being across all ages, and is achievable only through effective and continuous healthcare monitoring. But in India and other third world countries, healthcare monitoring is poor compared to other countries in the world, in spite of it being affordable. The global healthcare smart wearable healthcare (SWH) devices market is expected to rise up at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 5.6% and by 2020 it is expected to reach 25 Billion (GVR Report, 2016). The growing incidences of lifestyle diseases, sedentary lifestyle, busy work schedules, technological advancements in healthcare monitoring devices, and increased usage of remote devicesseems to be some of the important factors fuelling this growth. Some of the major players in this segment are Abbott Laboratories, Philips Healthcare, Life Watch, GE Healthcare, Omron Healthcare, Siemens Healthcare and Honeywell International Inc. etc. But in spite of the healthcare monitoring devices are being predicted to be technologically innovative and providing advanced as well as basic health care monitoring features and available in various price ranges based on the features, we wanted to empirically study the attitude towards adoption of such devices in India. India has traditionally been having a very lackadaisical attitude towards healthcare monitoring. In such a context, what would be the factors influencing the adoption of SWH devices. Remote health monitoring can enhance the nature of wellbeing administration and to lessen the aggregate expense in human services by maintaining a strategic distance from pointless hospitalizations and guaranteeing that the individuals who need critical consideration get it sooner. This empirical investigation would provide a detailed insight as to how these wearable Internet Of Things devices would bring about a revolution in the healthcare industry. It would also provide the future prospect of IOT devices in this sector and how the probability of increase in its usage can be increased with time. The paper explores intrusiveness (INTR), Comfort (C), perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (EOU) of SWH devices. The study hypothesized the Impact of PU and EOU, INTR and C on attitude and intention to use towards adoption of SWH devices. Partial Least Square Structured Equation Modeling (PLS – SEM) methodology was applied to explore the relationships between the concepts and hypothesis. The data was collected from 273 respondents. The age group of the respondents was between 25 and 40 years. The results indicated that intrusiveness and comfort do not have a significant direct impact on Intention to use BI (Behavior Intention) BI SWH devices. At the same time Intrusiveness had a significant impact on PU of SWH devices and Comfort has a strong significant impact on PU and EOU of smart wearables. The research has strong implications in the current emerging context of smart wearables, their design and effectiveness. Also the research can have lasting implications on elderly health and well-being. There are very few empirical studies in the area of SWH devices. Most of the studies till now are conceptual studies or providing technology architectures and frameworks. The research in this area is still at a very nascent stage and very few studies have been done to explore the use and adoption of SWH devices.

Incorporation of Humanitarian Programs: Ukraine’s Experience

Mr Aeschlimann tells the story of the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross and its main activities. He notes that the Committee was founded by Henri Dunant from Switzerland. The symbol of Red Cross was not a coincidence; Henri Dunant associated it with health protection. It is also noteworthy that the symbol resembles the flag of Switzerland. Since the very inception, the primary responsibility of the organisation was taking care of injured soldiers and captives; later on, it started to help abused people. Soon enough, the organisation began to provide food to the people in need. Mr Aeschlimann also emphasises that the International Committee of the Red Cross has worked in line with the principles of international humanitarian law and cooperated with states for its improvement since its foundation and adoption of the First Geneva Convention. The legal aspect is also an important part of the organisation’s work. In general, the Committee has a broad range of activities, totally depending on the state of a conflict or domestic violence. The International Committee of the Red Cross launched aggressive activities in 2014, following the outbreak of the military conflict in the east of Ukraine. The organisation pays much attention to the following aspects related to its operation in Ukraine: the conflict was unleashed between nations with similar mentality and is of highly politicised and polarised character. Representatives of the organisation act not only in the territory under Ukrainian control but also in the occupied territory. Mr Aeschlimann mentions that the most challenging aspect of working in Ukraine is to adjust to the fast pace of drastic changes in the country due to sweeping reforms and transition economy. Moreover, the organisation faced certain difficulties in providing humanitarian assistance, but currently all the subtleties have been settled and the ICRC is operating in favourable conditions. Among the priority tasks of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the following can be singled out: expansion of activities, namely measures on the search for missing persons, expansion of a program of support of psychosocial and psychological health. Special attention is drawn to provision of first aid to people near to the collision line. Mr Aeschlimann also tells how he chose this profession, his free time taking into account a busy working schedule, and his favourite places in Ukraine. Keywords: the International Committee of the Red Cross, the ICRC mission, the First Geneva Convention, humanitarian assistance, conflict.

Evaluation of a train-the-trainer program for stable coronary artery disease management in community settings: A pilot study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of conducting a train-the-trainer (TTT) program for stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) management in community settings. MethodsThe study involved two steps: (1) tutors trained community nurses as trainers and (2) the community nurses trained patients. 51 community nurses attended a 2-day TTT program and completed questionnaires assessing knowledge, self-efficacy, and satisfaction. By a feasibility and non-randomized control study, 120 SCAD patients were assigned either to intervention group (which received interventions from trained nurses) or control group (which received routine management). Pre- and post-intervention, patients’ self-management behaviors and satisfaction were assessed to determine the program’s overall impact. ResultsCommunity nurses’ knowledge and self-efficacy improved (P<0.001), as did intervention group patients’ self-management behaviors (P<0.001). The satisfaction of community nurses and patients was all very positive after training. ConclusionThe TTT program for SCAD management in community settings in China was generally feasible and effective, but many obstacles remain including patients’ noncompliance, nurses’ busy work schedules, and lack of policy supports. Practice implicationsFinding ways to enhance the motivation of community nurses and patients with SCAD are important in implementing community-based TTT programs for SCAD management; further multicenter and randomized control trials are needed.

An undergraduate inclusive teacher preparation programme in early childhood education: an online delivery approach

ABSTRACTAs teacher shortages or teacher turnover rate continue to proliferate in the field of early childhood education (ECE) across the United States in the past few decades, there seem to be a pressing need for teacher preparation programmes to accommodate prospective ECE pre-service teachers (who do not have the chance to enroll in traditional teacher preparation programmes due to geographical reasons, busy daily work schedules, and other personal reasons). This accommodation will provide them the alternative to complete their entire online coursework in ECE that would adequately prepare them for careers in various inclusive early childhood settings. This article will describe the organization and development of an alternative online approach for the degree of Bachelor of Science in ECE in a southwestern state of the United States.