Business Trips Research Articles

A qualitative approach to automated motels: a rising issue in South Korea

PurposeApart from a few negative social effects of automated motels, this study aims to represent the first attempt to examine why consumers visit automated motels in Korea and how they feel about them using a qualitative research method.Design/methodology/approachTo secure the validity of the data, a triangulation method which applied three data collection methods was used. Semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, participatory online observation and template analysis, as data collection methods and an analysis technique were conducted.FindingsFindings indicate that the main purposes of visiting these motels are for affairs and other sexual experiences, while there are also other major objectives such as individual privacy and business trips. Key determinants found in the analyses are anonymity, the room rate and more thematic factors.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the rising issue that there is a rapid growth in the market for automated motels beyond perceived negative images, those in the hospitality industry should devote attention to effective alternatives such as focusing on the inherent purpose of lodging with many other conveniences as well. For future studies, developing an instrument, investigating perspectives of the automated motel providers and comparing with research on automated hotels conducted in European countries are necessary.Practical implicationsThis study provides some of the strengths of automated motels such as the assurance of anonymity during tourists’ stay and automated payment method in the parking garage that apply to the Korean middle-scale hotel industry. As the sector of automated motels provides favorable profit for the owners and the Korean hotel industry around Seoul always runs short of hotel provisions, this study implies that the governments and administrations should find a solution to replace the regular lodging group of automated motels with a category of tourist hotels.Originality/valueAlthough there is unusual popularity and a considerably growing number of automated motels in Korea, scant research has been conducted relative to automated motels. Despite difficulty in debating the current issue of automated motels, this study, as the first pioneering research on automated motels in Korea, endeavored to address this issue and discuss its social and political implications based upon the findings.

Tour-Based Path Analysis of Long-Distance Non-Commute Travel Behavior in California

Data of long-distance tours by each household from an 8-week California Household Travel Survey travel log are analyzed in this paper. Each tour record contains summary data from a single-day diary, household sociodemographic information, and place of residence characteristics. Each tour contains a main trip, selected tours with a main trip that is not a commute trip, and added destination descriptors from Foursquare. Path analysis is used on three censored variables (tour miles by air, miles driving, and miles by public transportation) and two categorical variables (main trip tour purpose) and number of overnight stays. Annual household income is a major determinant of air travel and multiple overnight stays. Moreover, travel by air is more likely to be in large dense destinations with high attractiveness ratings. In contrast, car ownership is a major determinant of more mileage accrued driving a car to urban environments. In terms of main trip purpose, work and shopping are not associated with overnight stays and vacation/sightseeing is the purpose associated with longer overnight stays. Moreover, California destinations are more likely to be in tours completed within a day. It was also found that vacation, sightseeing, and leisure trips are more likely to be combined with other vacation and sightseeing trips. In contrast, business and combined business and leisure trips are less likely to be combined with vacation trips. There were also substantial and significant differences in long-distance tour behavior among residents of urban versus rural environments.

Service quality evaluation for urban rail transfer facilities with Rasch analysis

This paper evaluates the service level of urban rail transfer facilities based on Rasch analysis, taking into account transit users’ subjective perceptions. A total of 3970 respondents who usually transfer between different urban rail lines at least 3 times a week and who are between 15 and 75 years old were randomly surveyed. We evaluate the transfer station service quality by capturing satisfaction with a range of service items. The items are grouped into five criteria: information, mobility, comfort, convenience and safety. The satisfaction with the five criteria is further distinguished based on trip purpose. From the results, it was concluded that service items related to transfer time (train arrival information, walking distance) are important to users during commute, educational, business and leisure trips. Instead important service items for transfer convenience when on shopping or leisure trips are walking amenity, waiting space, parking lot usability or specific facilities such as the presence of baby-care rooms. Considering also the characteristics of Seoul’s transit network we discuss which transfer facilities are likely to be a key for encouraging people to use urban rail and suggest that Rasch analysis is a suitable tool for this type of evaluation that is not frequently used in transport planning.

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome after Correction of Hyponatremia: A Case Report.

A 45-year-old man with a history of a cerebrovascular accident (without residual deficits), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presented to an outside hospital with 1 day of dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting while on a business trip. Nausea with vomiting and diarrhea had begun after eating at a buffet 3 days prior to his presentation. He stated that he had been drinking a “ton” of water since vomiting had begun. Medications included hydrochlorothiazide, aspirin, amlodipine, and benazepril. He denied use of alcohol or illicit drugs. Physical examination was unremarkable. His blood pressure was 98/48 mmHg, heart rate was 86/min, and respiratory rate was 18/min. He was afebrile. Admission laboratory values (reference intervals) were [Na+], 101 mmol/L (135–145 mmol/l); [K+], 2.2 mmol/L (3.5–4.5 mmol/L); [Cl−], <65 mmol/l (98–107 mmol/L); [HCO3−], 45 mmol/L (23–29 mmol/L); and glucose, 104 mg/dL (60–99 mg/dL). He was admitted to the outside hospital, where infusion of 3% normal saline with supplemental KCl was initiated. Over the next 24 h, his [Na+] increased to 129 mmol/L. The patient was discharged with an [Na+] of 130 mmol/L; he was encouraged to follow-up for a possible early movement disorder as he had developed upper extremity tremor and confusion during his admission. …

Real-Time Calibration of Velocimeters Using a Reference Standard

All digital seismic recorders of the Crimean seismological network are equipped with sensors inherited from galvanometric recording. Long-term channels are equipped with SKD sensors, and shortterm channels are equipped with SM3, SKM, SKH, and S-5-S sensors. The instruments periodically undergo preventive maintenance due to wear and long operation life. There are no equipment specialists at peripheral stations. All necessary installation, preventive maintenance, adjustment, and calibration work is done by specialists from the Institute of Seismology and Geodynamics’ hardware and software support team during business trips. In this regard, an urgent need arose for the real-time control of velocimeter parameters and the entire end-to-end measuring and recording channel. Experience at peripheral seismic stations and temporary seismic observation points not equipped with shaking tables has demonstrates the convenience of calibrating short-term seismic channels using a reference standard calibrated mobile digital seismic station. This station is assembled based on a Baikal-8 digital seismic recorder and SK1-P three-component sensor. The reference standard is precalibrated on the shaking table located at the Simferopol seismic station. The paper describes the calibration of the reference standard on a shaking table and different approaches to calculating the main parameters of a velocimeter. The relationship is obtained between the main parameters of the velocimeter and the extremum times and zeros of the velocimeter response function to a displacement step. It is possible to control the velocimeter parameters in real time the obtained formulas, even in the field using. Of special note is the idea of calibrating seismometric channels with respect to the reference standard, which can be implemented without forced external actions. A new method for calibrating a digital seismic station using a reference standard is described, based on analysis of the ratio of microseismic background spectra. The parameters of the calibrated station are determined using synchronous recording of the microseismic background and the mathematical optimization package in OriginLab software. The formulas for calculating velocimeter parameters using a standard are given, which make it possible to determine the complex frequency response of the digital station. This is a convenient method because it is real-time and calibration does not require laboratory conditions, the use of microseisms, or the ability to determine all parameters of endto- end measuring and recording channels simultaneously.

“How’d you sleep?” measuring business travelers’ sleep quality and satisfaction in hotels

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore business travelers’ sleep experience in hotels by measuring sleep quality and determining the extent to which hotel attributes, demographic characteristics, and hotel quality level influence their sleep quality while staying in hotels.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a self-reported survey to obtain data from business travelers who have stayed in a hotel at least two nights for a business trip in the past 30 days. A total of 304 business travelers were surveyed in this study.FindingsThe results indicated that there was a difference in the factors that influenced business travelers’ overall satisfaction with sleep in mid-scale (2.5-3.5 stars) vs upscale hotels (4+stars). The findings showed that business travelers generally had lower sleep quality at hotels and they were more likely affected by noise both outside and inside the guestroom, as well as material elements inside the room.Originality/valueThis study represents a pioneering attempt at exploring business travelers’ sleep quality and satisfaction with sleep in hotels. Furthermore, this study contributes to the limited research addressing sleep quality as a fundamental function of hotel services. Also, this is the first study to measure business travelers’ sleep quality in hotels by using the sleep quality scale.

Automatic Trip Detection with the Dutch Mobile Mobility Panel: Towards Reliable Multiple-Week Trip Registration for Large Samples

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the accuracy of trip and mode choice detection of the last wave of the Dutch Mobile Mobility Panel, a large-scale three-year, smartphone-based travel survey. Departure and arrival times, origins, destinations, modes, and travel purposes were recorded during a four week period in 2015, using the MoveSmarter app for a representative sample of 615 respondents, yielding over 60 thousand trips. During the monitoring period, respondents also participated in a web-based prompted recall survey and answered additional questions. This enables a comparison between automatic detected and reported trips. Most trips were detected with no clear biases in trip length or duration, and transport modes were classified correctly for over 80 percent of these trips. There is strong evidence that smartphone-based trip detection helps to reduce underreporting of trips, which is a common phenomenon in travel surveys. In the Dutch Mobile Mobility Panel, trip rates are substantially higher than trip-diary based travel surveys in the Netherlands, in particular for business and leisure trips which are often irregular. The rate of reporting also hardly decreased during the four-week period, which is a promising result for the use of smartphones in long duration travel surveys.

Психотерапевтическая саморегуляция - основа профилактики отдаленных расстройств здоровья у специалистов экстремальных профессий

In article the importance of use of psychotherapeutic actions of self-control by employees of a dangerous profession is stated during the work in emergency situations. The state of health of fighters who before the direction in business trip were trained previously in self-control methods at different stages of performance of a fighting task, with a condition of group of the military personnel who didn’t pass preliminary training in energy saving methods is compared.

Not Just Business as Usual in the EU: A Comprehensive Analysis of Immigration and Tax Issues Related to Business Trips in 17 Schengen Countries

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of doing business in the European Union’s Schengen Bloc vis-à-vis working in the Schengen Bloc. Through a critical review of what may constitute business activities vs. work in all 17 Schengen member states, the article establishes how international companies can minimize unintentional exposure to immigration noncompliance as well as possible tax liabilities. As the article observes, there is a general absence of a standard EU legal definition of ‘work’ vs. ‘business activities’ that international companies can apply when sending employees for business purposes to the Schengen Bloc. In the absence of specific criteria, the article outlines what characterizes business activities in 17 Schengen countries and then several international standards, which concerned parties can use a reference point. By examining various sources including EU, OECD and ILO frameworks, the article’s research indicates general terms of reference in distinguishing business activities from work, and how that distinction confers the need for a business visa or a work permit in the European Union’s Schengen Bloc.

Strategic Planning Information System for Improving Quality of Datu Sanggul Hospital in Rantau

Datu Sanggul Hospital as one of the institutions engaged in health, has made information technology and information systems as part of business processes that accompany the business trip. Conditions that require unit Management Information System and Medical Record (SIM & RM) to always accompany the institution to be not optimal when the blue print unit SIM & RM service has not been integrated with other units in the planning. This research will make SI / IT strategic plan needed by Datu Sanggul Hospital in Rantau for the current year 2018 to 2022. This research refers to the current condition of SI / TI and analyzed using several approaches to support the process of formulation of strategies that suit the needs. This research was built using Ward & Peppard method. The research step begins by using some analysis such as value chain, five forces, PEST until it can be mapped the position of hospital with SWOT analysis. The Datu Sanggul hospital position was in quadrant IV which applied strength-Threat strategy. Determination of future needs is done by using a balanced scorecard approach to find the appropriate Critical Success Factor needs. Until finally the formulation of the strategy of SI, IT, and IT management to form the portfolio of future applications in the form of 8 new applications, 1 application upgrade and 1 application replace, reliable human resources needed, build cloud computing and standardize governance with Cobit 4.1 and Documentation through ISO 9001: 2008 which is a support for blueprint service for SIM & RM units for 2014 - 2018. The results of this strategic planning will provide direction to management for policy making involving investment, implementation and education required

Business Trips

Business Trips

Clerking for “God’s Grandfather”: Chauncey Belknap’s Year with Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr

Clerking for “God’s Grandfather”: Chauncey Belknap’s Year with Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr TODD C. PEPPERS IRA BRAD MATETSKY ELIZABETH R. WILLIAMS JESSICA WINN Introduction In the last twenty years, historians have discovered the Supreme Court law clerk. Although the first clerks were hired by the Justices in the 1880s, for much of their existence the clerks toiled in relative anonym­ ity. Law clerks emerged from the shadows, however, when Court scholars began to appreciate the value of studying them, not only because clerks were eye-witnesses to the internal workings of the Supreme Court, but also because the clerks had substantive job duties and arguably wielded influence over the decision-making process. Most of what we know about law clerks comes from the clerks themselves, usually in the form oflaw review articles memorializing their Justices and their clerkships or in interviews with reporters and legal scholars. In a few instances, however, law clerks have contemporaneously memorialized their ex­ periences in diaries. These materials provide a rare window into the insular world of the Court. While the recollections contained in the diaries are often infused with youthful hero worship for their employer—in contra­ distinction to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s claim that no man is a hero to his valet— they offer a real-time, unfiltered peek at the personalities who populated the bench and the issues with which the Court was grap­ pling. Just such a snapshot in time is provided by the diary of Chauncey Belknap, a remarkable Harvard Law School graduate who clerked for Justice Holmes during October Term 1915. Through Belknap’s near-daily records of his clerkship, as well as his encounters with the glittering social set of pre-war Washington, we are permitted a 258 JOURNAL OF SUPREME COURT HISTORY singular and fascinating glimpse into the colorful experience of working for one of the Court’s most famous jurists. A copy of the diary was obtained from Belknap’s long-time law firm, Patterson, Belknap, Webb & Tyler. While portions of the diary have appeared in other books and articles, the diary has neverbeen reproduced in its entirety.1 This is due, in part, to the fact that the diary is written in a combination ofcursive that varies in its readability and Pitman shorthand. Over a two-year period, two of the co-authors (Williams and Winn) carefully transcribed the diary. Once the transcription was complete, a Pitman shorthand expert was retained to translate the shorthand into English. Finally, all four authors had to agree upon words that were challenging to discern because of Belknap’s handwriting. If agree­ ment could not be reached, then the word was listed as “unintelligible” in the final text. As they transcribed the text, Williams and Winn researched and annotated Belknap’s references to people, places, and events. The text was subsequently edited to make format­ ting and style more consistent. For purposes of publication, an abridged version ofthe diary is presented here. The selected entries and portions of entries reflect the tone of the diary as a whole and highlight the significant events and conversations Belknap recorded. Brief identifications of persons mentioned and explanations of unfamiliar terms, as well as citations, are provided in the endnotes. Before one turns to the diary, some background on its author is necessary. Belknap was bom on January 26, 1891, in Roselle Park, New Jersey, to Chauncey and Emma McClave Belknap. The early years of his life were filled with hardship and loss. His father was a sales executive with the Thomson Houston Electric Company. When Belknap was two years old, his father died of yellow fever during a business trip to South America. Belknap’s mother died two years later of appendicitis. Thus, Belknap was effectively orphaned by the age of four. Relatives raised Belknap and his young sister, Fredericka.2 The young children went to live on the Upper West Side of Manhattan with maternal aunt Mary McClave, who was a school teacher. Living quarters were tight, and Belknap slept on the living-room couch. Many weekends were spent farther down­ town with his paternal aunts, Cornelia and Elizabeth Belknap, or with his uncle, Fred­ erick H...

Ural Pictures by Roman Semashkevich: The Principle of Narration

This article analyses the Ural period in the creative work of R. M. Semashkevich and the master’s previously unknown works. Contemporaries perceived the artist as a person of natural talent, who abstained from disputes about the ways of development of Soviet art. However, Semashkevich’s correspondence testifies to his critical view of the decision of the authorities to limit creative freedom, he wanted to demonstrate a different approach to socialist realism. It was important for him to build a method by which a painter, even staying within the framework of the ideological order, would be able to cultivate objective artistic values. Semashkevich’s artistic method of the early 1930s is characterised by the significant role of the pace of drawing; in his sketches, created in rapid succession, in one breath, the viewer is captured not only by their external accuracy, but also by the author’s passion, his mastery of the “narrator”. The directness of the “narrative” with all the possible angularities and conventions gives the viewer a sense of complicity, and it is on this that the artist builds his principle of narrative. It was important for the master not only to fix nature, but also to find a composition move, and build a figurative scene in a figurative way. The artist went on a trip across Northern Urals (1933) and then worked in Zlatoust (1934–1935), trying to find his “direction in the present”. His creative business trip became an opportunity for him to realise his individual artistic programme: he borrowed his plots from stories by old Bolsheviks — participants of the Revolution and the Civil war, and developed a special system of narration, combining elements of primitivism, popular print, and references to Barbizon painters and Cezanne. At a personal exhibition in Zlatoust, he presented historical and revolutionary paintings in which he demonstrated his understanding of the new realistic art. Using “graphic paradoxes” and colour dissonances, he created a sense of internally contradictory historical action in which casual episodes were characterised by the power of a heroic legend, and the artistic system verging on the primitivism or theatrical decorativeness gave rise to a sense of authenticity.

Первая экспедиция Л. Г. Раменского и ее значение в его творческой биографии

Первая экспедиция Л. Г. Раменского и ее значение в его творческой биографии

My Path to Diplomacy

The article analyzes the life path of Heorhii I. Khodorovskyi − Ukrainian public figure, diplomat, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine, People’s Deputy of Ukraine. The major areas of his activity at different life stages, academic interests, contribution to the development of medicine and diplomacy are studied. The paper examines the childhood of Heorhii Khodorovskyi, his parents, educators and school years. After school, Heorhii studied at Chernivtsi Medical Institute, pursued post-graduate studies and gained a degree of Doctor of Medicine. From 1961 to 1969, Heorhii Khodorovskyi – a postgraduate student, assistant professor, Associate Professor at Chernivtsi National University. In 1968, he was assigned to the Institute for Doctors Improvement in Moscow and later to the USSR Academy of Sciences to study foreign languages. Between 1969 and 1973, he was Associate Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zambia. Heorhii also held position of a chairman of the local committee of the Embassy of the USSR in Zambia. The following stage of Heorhii’s life went in Afghanistan, where he gained experience of people management in a foreign country under hazardous environment, terrorist acts, kidnapping and military operations. Between 1987 and 1990, Khodorovskyi was an advisor to the Rector of Kabul Medical Institute, head of a group of scientific and pedagogical staff of the USSR in Afghanistan, advisor to the Minister for Health of Afghanistan; worked in the trade mission of the USSR in Kabul. In February 1989, he returned from Afghanistan to Chernivtsi, where the staff of the Medical Institute nominated him as a candidate for the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine deputy. From 1990 till 1992, Heorhii acted as People’s Deputy of Ukraine of the 1st calling, was Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Women Affairs, Family Protection, Motherhood and Childhood. Heorhii was also engaged in operations on eliminating consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, worked with foreign delegations, was a member of the escort group during the visit of the President of Ukraine to Kyrgyzstan. He frequently went on foreign business trips, in the course of which took part in international conferences. At the Verkhovna Rada sessions, Khodorovskyi invariably put an emphasis on the issues of health protection of Ukrainian women and children, working and recreation environment, labour compensation and family support. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine Committee headed by Heorhii Khodorovskyi adopted a decision on the creation of the National Family Planning Program. In October 1992, he was transferred from the Verkhovna Rada to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. From 1992 to 1998, Heorhii Khodorovskyi served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to the Republic of India. Keywords: Verkhovna Rada, Afghanistan, University of Zambia, Chernivtsi, People’s Deputy.

Relacje władz i społeczeństwa Śląska Opolskiego z Polakami na Zaolziu (wybrane elementy)

Artykuł przedstawia wybrane formy kontaktów społeczeństwa i władz Opolszczyzny z Polakami żyjącymi na Zaolziu. Koncentrują się one przede wszystkim na sferze kulturalno-oświatowej. Autorka w niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiła współpracę nawiązaną przez organizacje na Śląsku Opolskim, takie jak Opolskie Towarzystwo Kulturalno-Oświatowe, Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Opola czy regionalne towarzystwa z poszczególnych miejscowości Opolszczyzny z polskimi instytucjami działającymi na Zaolziu, związanymi z Polskim Związkiem Kulturalno-Oświatowym. Informacje zaczerpnięto z dokumentów Archiwum Państwowego w Opolu, Archiwum Związkowego Polskiego Związku Kulturalno-Oświatowego, Opolskiego Towarzystwa Kulturalno-Oświatowego, periodyków oraz kronik towarzystw regionalnych. Opisują one wspólne inicjatywy i kontakty kulturalne, m.in. wyjazdy delegacji, wymianę zespołów artystycznych oraz wymianę wydawnictw.

Typhoid Vaccination among Japanese Travelers to South Asia and the Factors Associated with Compliance.

Objective In 2010, candid advice concerning the low rate of typhoid vaccination among Japanese travelers was received from Nepal. Recently, progressive Japanese travel clinics have encouraged Japanese travelers to be vaccinated against typhoid fever in conjunction with officially approved vaccines, such as hepatitis A vaccine. We herein report the status of typhoid vaccinations for Japanese travelers to the most endemic area (South Asia) and describe the factors associated with compliance. Methods In the travel clinic at Kurume University Hospital, we used the following criteria to retrospectively extract the records of new pre-travel Japanese clients between January 2011 and March 2015: hepatitis A vaccine administered, traveling to South Asian countries, and ≥2 years of age. We first summarized the participants and then divided them into typhoid-vaccinated and typhoid non-vaccinated groups for a comparative analysis. Results This study included 160 clients. A majority (70.0%) of these clients traveled for business. The duration of trips was long (≥1 month) (75.0%), and India was a popular destination (90.6%). A comparative study between the vaccinated group (n=122) and the non-vaccinated group (n=38) revealed that the two factors most positively associated with typhoid vaccination were business trips [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-9.06] and coverage by a company/organization payment plan (aOR 7.14, 95% CI 2.67-20.3). Conclusion The trend toward typhoid vaccination among Japanese travelers to South Asia with pre-travel consultation is correlated with business trips and coverage by a company/organization payment plan. If problems concerning the cost of vaccines were resolved, more travelers would request typhoid vaccination.

TENDERS THEORY FOR STIMULATION ECOLOGICAL-ORIENTED BUSINESS

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological foundations for holding tenders in order to stimulate the environmentally oriented business. The essence of the state stimulating tender for the introduction of business, taking into account the ecological component, which should cover enterprises of different regions of Ukraine, is considered. The purpose of the tender is defined, which is to regulate the state organization of economic and environmental incentives for business entities, which should allocate funds for the implementation of environmental activities. The principles for the implementation of state tenders to stimulate environmental activities conducted by an environmentally-oriented business are: fair competition among participants; maximum savings and efficiency; openness and transparency at all stages; non-discrimination of participants; objective and unbiased evaluation of tender bids; preventing collusion, corruption and abuse. Depending on the way of carrying out state bidding, on stimulating enterprises of eco-oriented business, there are: open; open with prior qualification; trades with limited participation; two-stage bidding; request procedures for the amount of incentive financing. The terms of the tender, which are approved by the tender committee prior to announcement of the tender and are obligatory for its participants to be fulfilled, are determined. In examining, evaluating an application for participation in a tender, the Tender Committee has the right to demand additional economic and ecological information from the applicants, which characterizes the opportunity of renderers� to develop state-funded funds for environmental protection measures provided for in the tender documentation. The financing of the tender is carried out at the expense of state funds and funds of the applicants who wish to take part in the tender. The size of the payment for participation in the tender is determined by the working group and approved by the tender committee together with the estimate for the organization and holding of the tender. These funds are sent to a separate account of the tendered and are used for payment of press releases, premises rent, business trips, communications, development, coordination, reproduction, translation of documents, negotiations, conferences, etc.

Workplace Response System Against Infectious Disasters based on the MERS Outbreak in Korea

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the workplace response system (WRS) against infectious disasters (IDs) based on the response attitudes and capacity of occupational health nurses (OHNs) who worked during the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea. Methods: Fifty-one participants who had worked as OHNs at the time of the 2015 MERS outbreak were surveyed from November 20 to December 10, 2016. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and McNemaer's test. Results: According to the survey results, the following were lacking in the WRS: a dedicated ID-response team, manuals, related education programs for OHNs, and health education programs for workers. Results also confirmed that workers were vulnerable to new infectious diseases because of the lack of health checkups and support for workers before and after business trips abroad. Among the respondents, 98.0% answered affirmatively that an ID was important for health management in the workplace, but 64.7% answered that it was difficult to manage an ID. The perceived capacity items to respond to IDs ranged from 3.0 points to 3.3 points. This scores were generally high. Conclusion: As the WRS is currently insufficient, it is necessary to develop an adequate WRS to IDs by addressing the identified problems.

Acute non-accidental carbon monoxide poisoning

This study used discrete choice modeling to identify the moderating role of context in the effects of cognitive, affective, and sensory attributes on hotel choice. To evaluate a hotel consumer's choice for attributes in a different choice context (leisure vs. business), a stated preference experiment based on D-optimal design was conducted using both a multinomial logit (MNL) model and a random parameter logit (RPL) model. The results show that while leisure travelers' choices for family vacation trips were more influenced by price and overall atmosphere than were business travelers', business travelers put an emphasis on room quality and comfort when on a business trip alone. The study demonstrates the trade-offs made by leisure and business travelers when choosing a hotel through discrete choice modeling. The findings provide hotel managers with important insights and implications in terms of target segmentation, product development, and marketing communication strategy.