Business Travel Research Articles

Transformative Impacts of Tourism Advertising on Global Travel Industry

The reason for this paper is to show how advertising in creating and changing the travel industry on the planet. The travel industry advertising is the business control of pulling in guests to a particular area. Lodgings, urban areas, states, purchaser attractions, assembly halls and different destinations and areas related with customer and business travel, all apply fundamental advertising methodologies to explicit strategies intended to build visits. In the travel industry, showcasing incorporates deciding the extraordinary selling advantage or advantages one region has over its opposition. An objective may offer individuals hoping to join business and delight simplicity of movement to and from the space, adequate show lobbies and lodgings, fascinating nightlife, and exercises for grown-up accomplices and kids. The travel industry advertising utilizes a wide assortment of interchange as procedures and strategies to advance regions and objections. A conference hall may buy commercials in exchange magazines for meeting organizers and send post office-based mail materials to partnerships that hold occasions. They may put promotions in tennis or golf magazines to draw in those buyers. The travel industry objections assemble sites and spot advertisements in shopper distributions read by their objective clients. The offices of trade are engaged with advancing their zones for the most part and the organizations inside their spaces explicitly. This regularly incorporates offering potential guests bundles loaded up with pamphlets, rebate coupons and different materials

Heterogeneous responses to boycott on services trade

ABSTRACT This paper examines the impacts of ‘No Japan’ boycott by Korean consumers on service trade amid 2019 Japan – South Korea trade dispute. Our findings reveal that individual consumers were more actively engaged in boycotting travel services, while business travellers did not exhibit a comparable level of participation. Moreover, the target country also responded in a similar manner, though the magnitude of their retaliation was relatively milder.

YAATRIASSIST : Passenger Facilitation Using AI and ML

YaatriAssist is a revolutionary travel application that reimagines global adventures with unmatched convenience and sophistication. This innovative app integrates essential functionalities seamlessly, offering real-time GPS navigation for confident exploration and integrated weather updates for preparedness in diverse climates. It features a comprehensive travel log for capturing and cherishing memories, along with an optimized scheduler to maximize trip enjoyment. The curated news hub keeps travelers informed about local events and global developments, while Travel mate fosters connections between fellow explorers, enhancing journey richness. Language barriers are effortlessly overcome with translation and OCR functionalities. Customizable settings ensure personalized experiences, evolving with individual travel needs. Facilitating bookings for flights, accommodations, and activities directly through the app streamlines trip management, offering unparalleled convenience. In summary, YaatriAssist stands as the epitome of travel convenience, catering to both seasoned globetrotters and business travelers, empowering users to navigate, explore, and engage with the world confidently and effortlessly.

STRATEGIES OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FOR UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MILITARY OPERATIONS AND THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The article examines the current features of the tourism sector in Ukraine. The role of external factors in the process of ensuring the effective development of the tourism industry is noted. The author highlights the main factors that contributed to the growth of outbound tourism in Ukraine: the introduction of a visa-free regime with the EU countries, the expansion of air travel and the opening of direct flights, the growth of low-cost tours, the growth of purchasing power of Ukrainians, and the strengthening of the national currency. However, quarantine restrictions closed airports, emptied hotels, and reduced demand for travel agency services. And as soon as the industry began to recover from the coronavirus, Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine again dealt a severe blow to the travel business. It is proved that an important feature of the tourism business is its dependence on sharp seasonal fluctuations in demand for the tourism product. The research results show that outbound tourism in Ukraine has a pronounced seasonality. Further growth in demand for outbound tourism is noted, which in the future will ensure an even greater outflow of foreign currency, which will negatively affect the country's balance of payments and gross domestic product. The main trends in the context of the impact of the level of population income on the development of outbound tourism are identified. The full-scale Russian invasion has had a negative impact on all sectors of the economy. The Ukrainian tourism sector has suffered the most. The closed skies, restrictions on men traveling abroad, and the forced relocation of a large part of the population have certainly limited the ability to travel. As a result of the negative impact of external factors, there has been a drop in demand for foreign tourism and the willingness of a significant proportion of the population to reorient to the consumption of recreational services in Ukraine. Under these conditions, it is of particular importance to study issues related to improving the efficiency of this industry, as well as expanding the range and range of services provided. It is worth noting the growing impact of the tourism industry on the nature of socio-economic processes within urban and rural communities. The growing demand for green and ethnic tourism opens up broad prospects for development for family businesses, as these areas do not require significant material costs as stratum capital. At the same time, there is a question of the proper qualification level of persons planning to realize themselves in the hospitality business, and there is a need for proper organizational and informational support in this area. This, in turn, necessitates the optimization of the theoretical and methodological framework and methodological tools.

Tourist Flows and Multi-Destination Trips: A Network Analysis

ABSTRACT Conventional approaches to modeling multi-destination trips are either based on trade-offs between one single destination and multiple destinations or on a sequence of destinations in a linear manner. These approaches are inadequate to capture the manifestation of multi-destination trips as a network at the aggregate level. Hence, built upon network analytical frameworks, this study adopted a directed network to model multi-destination trips. Using a visitor profile survey of Hong Kong, we found that the networks of multi-destination trips for both leisure and business travelers have several interesting properties, such as high densities, high clustering coefficients, and short diameters. High-degree nodes represent either destinations or origins in the leisure network, but they have a dual role as both destinations and origins in the business network. Network sparsity has a significant impact on the topology of the leisure network, but the impact is negligible on the business network.

Bleisure Travel Reimagined: Implications for Research

Bleisure (or Business Leisure) travel growth in recent times has meant a greater focus must be placed on the needs of the corporate traveller who wants to indulge in some leisure activities during their trip. For this keynote presentation, the presenter explored current studies on bleisure travel and reimagined business travel as a means to achieve an end, where leisure travel may be the end itself, especially among academics. This notwithstanding, future studies on bleisure travel are needed to not only identify the actual needs or motivations of specific bleisure traveller groups, but also the variables affecting their choices, in a highly dynamic industry. The rise of bleisure travel means travellers who are willing to spend more money and stay longer, which is good news for the travel business.

Forensic Hypoglycaemia & Neuroglycopenia — A Clinical Legal Social Endocrinology Challenge for 2024, Forensic Law in Hypoglycaemia 4

Forensic Hypoglycaemia & Neuroglycopenia — A Clinical Legal Social Endocrinology Challenge for 2024, Forensic Law in Hypoglycaemia 4

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan terhadap Kepuasan Jamaah Umroh di Hajar Aswad Mubaroq

Indonesia with a large Muslim population is a potential market for the Umrah travel business. Hajar Aswad Mubaroq is one of the companies that strives for the desires of the Muslim community in Solo Raya for the Umrah pilgrimage. Consumer satisfaction is an absolute that can be achieved by providing good service quality. That way, the company can excel and become a trusted partner in organizing Umrah. This study aims to see how service quality affects pilgrim satisfaction. This study was conducted using a survey and analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The participating samples were 80 respondents, who were Hajar Aswad Umrah pilgrims from March to August 2023. The results showed that service quality influence on pilgrim satisfaction. Value of tstatistics was greater than ttable with the value of the relationship between service quality and satisfaction proven significant. In addition, it was found that 17.4% of pilgrim satisfaction was influenced by service quality. Based on these results, the author suggests that it is important to make pilgrims satisfied by providing quality services. There are many antecedent factors that will benefit the company through satisfaction, so more efforts are needed in providing quality service to Umrah pilgrims.

Study on the development path of cultural tourism integration in Yubai Village in the context of rural revitalization

As a historical node on the coal transportation route along the Old Road of Western Beijing, Yubai Village served as an important business travel station. However, as time passed by, the Old Road of Western Beijing transport line gradually declined, the Mentougou District coal yard shut down, the service function of Yubai Village disappeared, and the local industry development became slow, necessitating revitalization of the village economy. At present, rural revitalization has become an important strategy to promote rural modernization, and Yubai village has ushered in new opportunities for development. The village can rely on its regional advantages, adjust its own development direction, and become a distribution center on the tourism route. Based on the previous field investigation and literature review of Yubai Village, this paper integrates the current resources of the village, analyzes its realistic development predicament, and, from the perspective of culture and tourism integration, proposes new strategies suitable for the development of Yubai Village, such as improving the overall reception services, improving the village landscape node, improving the village road system, carrying out research and education activities, and developing derivative cultural and creative brands. The purposes are to extend the stay time of tourists and give full play to the function of a service station, realize the revitalization of industry, promote the economic development of the village, and provide a reference for the development of similar villages in the future.

Analisa SWOT dalam Bisnis Pariwisata Tour Travel “Eagle Tour and Travel“

Alongside the growth of the tourism industry, especially in the city of Batu, tour & travel businesses such as Eagle Tour & Travel play a crucial role in providing comprehensive and organized travel services for tourists. However, despite having good prospects, businesses like Eagle Tour & Travel still face various operational and marketing challenges. This research is developed to elaborate on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) related to the Eagle Tour and Travel business established since 2015. This study aims to conduct a SWOT analysis of the tour and travel tourism business, focusing on the Eagle Tour and Travel brand in Batu City, East Java. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and SWOT analysis method focused on obtaining effective promotional and sales enhancement strategies based on recommendations following external environmental indicators (External Factor Analysis Strategy), then strengths and weaknesses are obtained through internal factors IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Strategy). The results of the study enable business practitioners to take strategic steps that align with the quadrants of the SWOT Analysis. The combination of various strategies above will assist Tour Travel companies in enhancing competitiveness, facing challenges, and winning the competition in the tourism industry

A Methodology to Evaluate GHG Emissions for Large Sports Events

Determining whether a large sports event is sustainable or not is one of the main objectives of the sports industry in the coming years. Indeed, there are several sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within a sports event that are not directly controlled by the sports companies but are linked to the event itself. The literature does not offer a standardized methodology for calculating the CO2 emissions of sports events, and consequently, there are different approaches. The objective of this article is to provide an updated state-of-the-art on the topic and to propose an innovative methodology for the calculation of Greenhouse Gas emission of a large sport event. The methodology entails the analysis of purchased goods and services, fuel and energy consumption, waste generation, business travel, and the impact of accommodations. Within the analysis, tools are provided to calculate carbon emissions for each category based on easily understandable data and utilizing reference conversion factors. The research presented in this paper may be useful for professionals in the sector in identifying a comprehensive methodology to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for a large sports event.

Positive and negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey study of the UK population.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society; it changed the way we work, learn, socialise, and move throughout the world. In the United Kingdom, policies such as business closures, travel restrictions, and social distance mandates were implemented to slow the spread of COVID-19 and implemented and relaxed intermittently throughout the response period. While negative emotions and feelings such as distress and anxiety during this time of crisis were to be expected, we also see the signs of human resilience, including positive feelings like determination, pride, and strength. A longitudinal study using online survey tools was conducted to assess people's changing moods during the pandemic in the UK. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to measure self-reported feelings and emotions throughout six periods (phases) of the study from March 2020 to July 2021. A total of 4,222 respondents participated in the survey, while a sub-group participated in each of the six study phases (n = 167). The results were analysed using a cross-sectional study design for the full group across each study phase, while prospective cohort analysis was used to assess the subset of participants who voluntarily answered the survey in each of the six study phases (n = 167). Gender, age and employment status were found to be most significant to PANAS score, with older people, retirees, and women generally reporting more positive moods, while young people and unemployed people generally reported lower positive scores and higher negative scores, indicating more negative emotions. Additionally, it was found that people generally reported higher positive feelings in the summer of 2021, which may be related to the relaxation of COVID-19-related policies in the UK as well as the introduction of vaccines for the general population. This study is an important investigation into what allows for positivity during a crisis and gives insights into periods or groups that may be vulnerable to increased negative states of emotions and feelings.

Domestic Tourist's Motivation Consume Local Food: A Case Study in Bangka Belitung

Consuming local food has the power to boost a destination's economy and preserve its unique culture. At present, there is a disparity between the rise in the quantity of tourists visiting Bangka Belitung and the rise in their expenditure on consumption. The purpose of this study is to pinpoint the driving forces behind tourism spending. Purposive sampling was utilized in the study to gather data from visitors who had eaten local cuisine in Bangka Belitung. Samples were collected by means of the snowball method. Social media was used to distribute the questionnaires. There are 339 samples in all. Thirteen motivations were identified based on visitor experiences, as well as literature studies. These will be tested using factor analysis processed with SPSS. Two motivational groups were identified from the testing: social motivation and motivation to appreciate local cuisine. Authenticity of the food, tradition, culture, and social components are among the reasons people appreciate consuming local food. Emotions and social standing are components of social motivation. Part of the equation is sensory motivation. In order to effectively promote local food, sensory elements must be highlighted. The study concludes that managers in the travel business ought to understand more about the reasons behind tourists' eating habits. It will therefore serve tourists more effectively, resulting in their satisfaction and loyalty to the local food, which will strengthen the local economy. It is suggested that interaction motivation be included in future studies.

The Analysis of English Used in Bali Tour and Travel Agencies’ Correspondences

English delivers various functions in the realms of tourism and hospitality. Since the significant role of English in tourism business, the talents working in the sector should be fluently communicating in English. One sector requires fluent English skill in tour and travel agencies which driving to the English course for students of tour and travel business. This study aimed at finding out the use of English in tour and travel agencies’ correspondences as well as analysing the language functions found in the correspondence. The research implemented qualitative research approach in which the data were collected through interview and observation in BBM tour and travel. Data were analysed qualitatively to describe and explain the data clearly and systematically. The results of data analysis revealed that English is used to do correspondences to clients and partners. The topics covered in the correspondences were offering package, tour booking, general inquiry, booking cancelation, inspection proposal, commission agreement, contract rate request, collection letter, and acknowledgement letter. The English used to deliver those topics was falling into four language functions, based on Leech’s theory, that were phatic function, informative function, directive function, and expressive function. Meanwhile aesthetic function was not notably found in the correspondence since the communication done by tour and travel agencies should be clear and understandable. The results of this research significantly contribute to the English education, particularly in tour and travel business.

Multi-product airport competition and optimal airport charges

This paper examines the importance of commercial revenue on optimal airport charges in a Hotelling-type duopoly airports competition. Each airport offers multi-products to heterogeneous consumers (airlines and passengers) and sets commercial and landing charges and serves. The airport-airline bundle competes for leisure and business passengers. The setting of landing charges under different regulatory regimes is investigated. We demonstrate that in the leisure travel market, which ignores schedule delay cost, the optimal landing fee is invariant to the regulatory scheme, and concession revenue is determined by an airport’s home market size. In the business travel market, the optimal landing charge is smaller if concession revenue is included in setting the landing fee than if it is not included. In the former case, increasing passenger volume does not guarantee increases in airports’ aeronautical revenue, and a negative impact may exist if the weight of concession profit out of total profit is small.

Determining Tourist Expenditures: Do Metrics and Levels Matter?

This article seeks to analyze and compare expenditures made by independent tourists, measured using various metrics. The empirical application relies on quantile regression analysis and examines the determinant factors of different types of expenditure, while also accounting for spending variations among heavy, moderate, and light spenders.
 The empirical findings confirm the high complexity of the nature of tourist expenditures. The evidence indicates that the effects of the independent variables vary not only with respect to the expenditure metric but also as a function of expenditure level. Independent tourist expenditures across all quantiles and metrics depend upon the size of the traveling party, duration of stay, type of accommodation, and whether the tourists are from the US Moreover, men spent more than women among light and heavy spenders; social media increases the expenditure for moderate and heavy spenders; and for heavy spenders, business traveler expenditure is less than other travelers.

The Opportunities and Challenges Brought by COVID-19 to China's Tourism Industry

From the end of 2019 to the first half of 2023, the world is experiencing a coronavirus pandemic. During this period, the world's tourism industry has been greatly impacted and faced with many challenges. COVID-19 has not only affected the national economy but also affected people's mental health and Consumer behavior. The research on their behavior helps to analyze the current situation of the tourism industry and the development trend of the tourism industry after the pandemic. This article uses the research method of literature review. This paper conducts research from these aspects: the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the tourism industry, especially changes in people's consumption behavior, and future development. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on travel businesses, and other sectors within the travel industry, and has also spurred the development of emerging areas. The COVID-19 epidemic has had a great impact on all branches of the tourism industry, including but not limited to travel companies, the transportation industry and cloud tourism, etc. Through government support, the awakening and improvement of the tourism industry itself, and grasping the trend of social development, actively develop emerging fields to improve the impact of the epidemic on the tourism industry in the past three years.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BUSINESS TRAVEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOTEL AND DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of gender differences on the evaluation of hotels and destination attributes with regard to business travel. Methodology/Design/Approach – This research employs a cross-sectional questionnaire survey and a sample of 318 business travellers. The analysis methods used are descriptive, such as a t-test, frequency distribution, cross tabulation and a chi-square analysis. Findings – The findings reveal significant differences when evaluating the attributes of hotels and destinations. Certain hotel attributes are rated at a significantly higher level by women than by men. Female respondents attained higher mean scores for all the destination attributes. Previous studies have attained very little knowledge in terms of understanding how gender works as regards differentiating business travellers’ behaviour. Originality of the research – The results support the hypothesis that gender influences the evaluation of hotel services and destinations. These findings may have significant implications for service innovation and positioning strategies in the business travel industry.

Application of the 4D Development Model in Increase Sale Products in the Tour and Travel Business

Application of the 4D Development Model in Increase Sale Products in the Tour and Travel Business

Assessment and support of the digitalization of businesses in Europe during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic

The COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020–2021 has created an unprecedented incentive to digitize firms. This paper aims to explore how European companies may have responded to COVID‐19 through digitalization. An online survey of experts from 22 European countries showed that software technologies supporting online meetings, remote working and e‐commerce began to be widely adopted during the pandemic. Online meetings and the reduction of business travel are perceived as common, long‐term effects of digitalization in European companies after the COVID‐19 pandemic. The barriers to digitalization and the measures considered to be the most effective in supporting digitalization have also been identified.