Business Travel Research Articles

Explicating archival ethnography: Helmut Käser’s business trip

ABSTRACT Archival ethnography using microhistorical approaches has considerable untapped potential as a research approach in management and business history. We use a scrapbook compiled by the mid-twentieth century football administrator Dr Helmut Käser on a business trip to Northern Ireland and London in 1967 to illustrate the ethnographic potential of the emic perspective for narrating microhistorical cases. The scrapbook demonstrates Käser’s interaction with several contexts which have been understood very separately by historians on his journey and we illustrate how this rare window into business travel in the 1960s helps us to understand how they coexisted and were experienced by actors themselves embedded in global organizations. We can therefore ethnographically experience the world of the past through collections of documents and abstracts which at first might appear ephemeral. We conclude that archival ethnography based on microhistorical approaches has the potential to be a fruitful new avenue of research for management and business historians.

Just Calling Balls and Strikes: The Impact of Business Travel on Cognitive Performance

Just Calling Balls and Strikes: The Impact of Business Travel on Cognitive Performance

Tradeoffs between privacy and screening efficiency for air passengers – Implications for tourism supply chain management

ABSTRACT This study employs the stated preference method to explore airline passengers’ choices during security screening and examines their trade-offs between privacy and efficiency. We compare two Asian economic hub cities (i.e. Hong Kong and Shanghai), with 500 business and leisure travellers sampled from each city. A generalised mixed multinomial logit model is estimated. The results suggest that travellers display varied levels of privacy concerns, including biometrics, biographical data, identifiers, and behavioural information. The participants from Shanghai expressed a willingness to go through fingerprint scanning and to provide facial images. The travellers in Hong Kong displayed notable reluctance to receive iris scans and disclose political and religious affiliations, and they were particularly hesitant about sharing medication records. Despite some differences between the two markets, both groups strongly opposed smartphone tracking, including access to search history and GPS location. In general, business (vs. leisure) travellers, men (vs. women), individuals with higher education levels, and those with higher personal monthly incomes strongly preferred fast-track schemes that utilised personal data. Our findings highlight the possibility of making more effective transitions to high-tech screening methods that meet the changing expectations of travellers if total screening time can be significantly decreased.

Epidemiologic trends and clinical outcomes of imported malaria in a tertiary care hospital, Bangkok, Thailand: A retrospective analysis (2013–2022)

BackgroundDespite a significant declined in malaria incidence in Thailand, the rising global travel has resulted in an increase of imported malaria cases, posing a threat to the goal of malaria elimination. This study aims to understand the epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of imported malaria cases in Thailand. MethodsMedical records of all imported malaria cases admitted from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2022 at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Thailand, were retrospectively examined. Demographic data, travel details, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes were described. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with severe disease outcomes. ResultsIn total, 335 cases of imported malaria were identified, with 33 % classified as transnational malaria and 67 % as border malaria. Transnational malaria cases (79 % P. falciparum) were mostly acquired from Sub-Saharan Africa for business or visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). Border malaria cases (81 % P. vivax) involved unskilled labourers and were acquired from land-border countries. The proportion of imported malaria in business travelers increased from 13 % to 50 % over the ten years. Risk factors for severe imported malaria included male gender, age 40 and older, infection with P. falciparum, and acquired malaria from Africa. ConclusionsUnderstanding unique demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in both border and transnational cases is crucial for effective malaria prevention. The increasing imported malaria among business travelers highlight the need for targeted prevention in this high-risk group.

Реализация взаимного страхования «от огня» строений духовного ведомства в России в 1910–1917 годы (по материалам Усть-Сысольского уезда Вологодской губернии)

The paper deals with the study of the pre-revolutionary experience of mutual insurance against fires of real estate of the Russian Orthodox Church. Based on financial and office documents of the Ust-Sysolsk Uyezd of the Vologda province, the process of practical implementation of insurance of buildings of the ecclesiastical department on the principles of reciprocity is recreated. The regulatory framework for mutual insurance was based on the legislative act of 1904, but the insurance assessment of buildings was carried out only in 1910. Information is provided on the structure of insurance documents, cases of fires and payments for damage “from fire” from sources deposited in the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive. By January 1, 1911, diocesan buildings in the Russian Empire were insured for over 800 million rubles, in the Ust-Sysolsk Uyezd – for over 859 thousand rubles. Information on the number of insured buildings and their insurance assessment, the amount of annual premiums and compensations for insurance cases in the Ust-Sysolsk Uyezd is systematized. The analyzed materials made it possible to correlate insurance premiums and insurance business costs, to access both the negative aspects and the benefits of mutual insurance for policyholders. The author comes to the conclusion that the practices of mutual real estate insurance, organized by the Holy Synod, demonstrate valuable experience in finding solutions to eliminate material damage “from fire”, when fire losses were compensated through small contributions. Insurance on the principles of rerciprocity was most important for regional parishes, that did not have large incomes and were often unable to independantly restore destroyed buildings. Due to compensations, it was possible to repair and restore many buildings of the ecclesiastical department. Despite bureaucratic, travel, and clerical expenses for insurance business, the remaining funds allowed to form a “reserve capital”, that performed the function of a reserve fund.

Evaluating Pre-travel Health Consultations for Business and Occupational Travelers: A Systematic Review.

Business and occupational travelers' health is at risk due to the specific itineraries and activities, prolonged stays, work-related stressors, short preparation time, more chances of disease importation, underutilization of vaccination, and chemoprophylaxis. The objective of the review is to assess theeffectiveness of pre-travel health consultation and how it will help travelers prevent health risks. The question is to evaluate how can prolonged stays and underutilization of chemoprophylaxis and vaccination be better managed with pre-travel health consultation. The literature was searched on databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Semantic Scholar using Boolean operators with keywords and Medical Subheading (MeSH) terms such as "occupational travelers," "business travelers," "pre-travel health consultation," "effectiveness of consultation," "health risk assessment," "travel illness prevention," "risk management," and "risk assessment" to retrieve relevant published studies. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) 2.0 tool and Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) were utilized to measure the risk of bias. The Grading, Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assign evidence strength. In total, a preliminary search yielded 334 articles. One high-quality study and seven studies of moderate quality were included. In conclusion, pre-travel health consultations are a vital tool to prevent travel-related health problems in business and occupational travelers. The current approach needs to be more specific and proactive to address health-specific risks experienced by travelers. However, early comprehensive consultations focusing on preventive measures, region-specific health risks, and timely immunizations are crucial to improving health outcomes. Moreover, enhanced guidance, awareness, and education of health professionals are also necessary to treat the complex medical needs of business and occupational travelers effectively.

Air travellers’ attitudes towards carbon emissions: evidence from the Google Flights interface

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the aviation industry is a formidable challenge. Understanding airline travellers’ willingness to pay for emission reductions could lead to impactful changes in flight pricing and government policies. In this study, we employ a discrete choice experiment to more accurately gauge this willingness to pay. The experiment features a comprehensive analysis of both leisure and business traveller categories, utilising a realistic interface mirroring Google Flights for journeys between Los Angeles and New York. The findings demonstrate that, on average, business flyers exhibit a significantly higher willingness to pay for emission reductions compared to leisure flyers. Notably, a subset of emissions conscious leisure flyers also exhibits a markedly higher willingness to pay. Latent class modelling indicates that this emissions conscious group accounts for about 42% of the leisure flyer sample. The larger group of price focused leisure flyers does not display any significant willingness to pay for emission reduction. Another key finding is that ethical consumption behaviour, not just stronger perceptions related to climate change, is linked to emissions-reducing preferences among both types of flyers. These results provide valuable insights for policy and pricing strategies, emphasising the heterogeneity across and within the business and leisure flyer segments.

Analysis of the Choice of Transportation Modes from Lhokseumawe City to Medan City Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method

Interprovincial movement activities from the city of Lhokseumawe to the city of Medan is a busy travel route because land routes connect many cities. Minibusses and buses serve transportation needs across these cities. Travelers tend to choose minibusses because of their convenience, fast travel time, and the excellent level of comfort provided. The bus mode also offers smooth and comfortable travel, making it a popular choice among travelers on the Lhokseumawe to Medan route. This research aims to determine the characteristics and percentage of transportation mode choices by travelers. The approach used is the analytical hierarchy process method. The results of the analysis showed that the percentage of travelers interested in choosing a particular mode resulted in 42% of passengers choosing the Hiace Minibus, 24% choosing the Sempati Star Bus, 20% choosing the Putra Pelangi Bus, and 14% choosing the Kurnia Bus. The criteria that influence the choice of transportation mode are convenience with a percentage of 22%, time with a percentage of 19%, comfort with a percentage of 16%, cost with a percentage of 15%, headway and safety with a percentage of 14%.

Carbon emission characteristics and carbon reduction analysis of employee travel-taking a research institute as an example

This paper adopts the “baseline scenario method” to construct a comprehensive model for calculating and reducing carbon emissions generated by employee travel, including the accounting of carbon emissions from commuting and business travel, as well as the assessment of green travel for carbon reduction. The study employs methods such as questionnaires and on-site interviews to collect travel data from employees of a research institute in Beijing as a case study. The results show that employees’ commuting methods are diverse, with the subway being the primary mode of travel; however, business travel generates higher carbon emissions, particularly among employees with higher education levels. The research concludes that the model proposed in this paper provides a framework for preliminary carbon emission estimation, but to improve the accuracy of the estimates, more variables and factors need to be considered, and the limitations of the model are pointed out. The research findings have significant implications for policy and institutional practices, suggesting the adoption of more targeted measures to reduce the use of high-carbon-emission travel methods and to encourage the use of green travel options. With the continuous advancement of data collection technologies in the future, it will be possible to further establish a more refined carbon emission accounting model and obtain more accurate and comprehensive travel data, thereby providing solid data support for the development of more effective carbon reduction strategies and policies.

Presenting the behavioral model of citizens in selection of trip vehicle with emphasis on how to go to work

Understanding the factors that influence individual vehicle choice behavior will reveal changes in preferences and attitudes. These changes can provide insights into travel patterns, improve transportation planning, prepare for future infrastructure needs and services, and inform better design and implementation of sustainable and inclusive transportation. The purpose of this research is to provide a behavioral model of citizens in choosing a travel vehicle with an emphasis on how to go to work in Shiraz, Iran. The statistical method used in this research is the logit mathematical model. SPSS software was used to analyze the research results. Different hypothetical scenarios were investigated according to the final vehicle selection model and the possibility of choosing different travel vehicles in each of the hypothetical scenarios. The results of the comparison of logit models for all travel destinations showed that the behavior of Shiraz citizens in choosing a means of transportation is not nested. For this reason, the final model was chosen for business trips. The results obtained from the hypothetical scenarios of the business travel selection tool in Shiraz showed that if none of the demand management policies and the creation of high-speed buses are applied, the share of private cars is 38%, the share of buses and subways is 32%, the share of taxi travel is 30%, and the share of walking will be 33 %. Also, social conditions and demographic characteristics do not have a significant effect on the choice of vehicle and travel behavior of citizens to the workplace.

Seeing isn't always believing: Exploring the influence of misleading photos on consumer responses in hotel industry

This study examines the impact of misleading photos on consumer’s regret, distrust, and anger, leading to negative word-of-mouth communication. Using a scenario-based experimental design, data were collected from 259 participants via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The study further examines these interrelationships across leisure and business traveller groups as well as misleading photos posted on hotel’s official website or user-generated content (UGC). Findings reveal significant relationships between misleading photos and negative emotional responses, including regret, distrust, and anger. These emotions, in turn, affect negative word-of-mouth communication, with regret and anger being significant predictors. The multigroup analysis further identifies differences in emotional responses between leisure and business travelers, emphasizing the need for segment-specific marketing strategies. The study's implications highlight the importance of authenticity and transparency in visual marketing to enhance consumer satisfaction and loyalty while minimizing negative emotional responses. The study offers practical insights for hospitality businesses aiming to improve customer experiences and relationships.

Leveraging regional assets for MICE tourism

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the current state of MICE tourism in Campania and explore strategic opportunities for its development. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of this sector, the research aims to provide insights into how Campania can enhance its competitiveness as a MICE destination. The study seeks to offer recommendations for leveraging the region’s unique features, such as its cultural heritage and scenic landscapes, to attract more business travelers and corporate events, ultimately contributing to the region’s economic growth and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the MICE tourism sector in Campania. It involves analyzing quantitative data from regional tourism statistics and economic reports, complemented by qualitative insights gathered from interviews with key stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industries. The research also includes a comparative analysis of Campania with other regions renowned for MICE tourism, aiming to identify best practices and potential areas for improvement. This comprehensive methodology ensures a thorough understanding of Campania’s current MICE tourism landscape and its future potential.FindingsThe study reveals that Campania has substantial potential for growth in the MICE tourism sector, owing to its rich cultural assets and appealing locations. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and limited marketing efforts hinder its full potential. The findings suggest that targeted investments in infrastructure improvements, particularly in transportation and event facilities, along with robust marketing strategies, could significantly enhance Campania’s appeal as a MICE destination. Emphasizing sustainable practices could further differentiate the region in the competitive global market, attracting environmentally conscious business travelers.Originality/valueThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of the MICE tourism sector in Campania, offering valuable insights into its current status and future potential. It highlights the region’s unique strengths and the challenges it faces, providing actionable recommendations for strategic development. By focusing on both economic growth and sustainability, this research contributes to a broader understanding of how regions can successfully leverage MICE tourism for long-term benefits. The findings and recommendations serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, tourism authorities and stakeholders in the hospitality industry seeking to enhance Campania’s position in the global MICE tourism market.

An empirical study on train choice preferences of high-speed railway passengers: the case of Nanning-Guangzhou railway and Nanning-Beihai railway

ABSTRACT This paper presents a systematic investigation of the train choice preference heterogeneity of High-Speed Railway (HSR) passengers under market segmentation to understand their train choice comprehensively. A stated preference survey was conducted for the Nanning-Guangzhou Railway and Nanning-Beihai Railway. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was employed to identify homogeneous subgroups and segment the passenger market of each line into three segments: private travelers with a long total duration (PTLTD), business travelers (BT), and private travelers with a short total duration (PTSTD). Mixed Logit (ML) models were constructed for each subgroup sample to assess passengers' preferences in train choice. The results show that each class exhibited unique characteristics and preferences, and train fare and running time, departure date and time, and train frequency were statistically significant factors affecting train choice. This study can furnish theoretical and decisional support for HSR operators to design train operating schemes and flexible fare systems.

Analisis Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Edukasi Di Universitas Negeri Padang

This research is motivated by educational tourism which has the potential to generate income for Padang State University. This can be seen from the number of visitors who come to Padang State University. The purpose of this research is to analyze the development of educational tourism potential at Padang State University. This research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive method with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. Key informants in the research are informants from UNP Public Relations & Protocol, 2 visitors who visit UNP, 2 managers of hotel tour & travel business units and 2 UNP students. These informants can be questions related to opportunities for developing educational tourism at UNP. Data analysis techniques by grouping the data that has been obtained for processing, conducting a SWOT analysis, entering it into a SWOT matrix, and analyzing strategies from the SWOT matrix. The results of the study show an analysis of the development of educational tourism potential at Padang State University, namely by accepting criticism and suggestions from informants regarding the Potential for sustainable value, Potential for awards/certificates, Potential for enriching knowledge, and Potential for adventure.

Exploring Intention & Reactance in Social Norm Interventions for Rail Business Travel

Abstract Shifting continental business travel from carbon-intensive modes to rail is crucial for emissions reduction. Behavioral interventions are a way to achieve this, but a gap exists in understanding their efficacy for sustainable business travel behavior. Based on online experiments with frequent business travelers, we scrutinize the impact of descriptive social norm interventions on mode choice intention, considering potentially negative employee reactions. While revealing factors influencing reactance and intention, contrary to expectations derived from the theory of planned behavior, behavioral interventions literature, and psychological reactance theory, our social norm treatments did not significantly impact mode choice intention and resulted in low reactance levels. Despite these unexpected results indicating that our interventions did not yield the desired changes, our study underscores the challenges of influencing sustainable business travel behavior and emphasizes the need for tailored interventions and incentives in practice, suggesting avenues for further research.

LE VOYAGE D’AFFAIRES – ENJEUX ACTUELS ET FUTURS DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE DIDACTIQUE (BUSINESS TRAVEL – CURRENT AND FUTURE STAKES FROM A DIDACTIC PERSPECTIVE)

In the context of the changes caused by scientific and technical progress, taking into account the demands of speed, promptness, immediate response, attention to details, efficiency, creativity and performance that international business entails, the health crisis of 2020 but also the possible occurrences of other crises of any kind, in recent years there have been changes in the organization and running of the gainful activity and professional travel, which has led to the evolution of the tourist discourse and its themes, to technological and linguistic innovations. In terms of business travel, new internet-connected workspaces have emerged that allow today’s business people to track business, intervene in real-time and continuously participate in transactions from the very first moment of the trip. Also, organizing and planning a trip involves accessing online booking platforms and selecting an extensive range of suitable accommodations or restaurants. In this paper, we will show that, in foreign language courses for business, the use of authentic print and online media documents that present the new realities, in addition to the units dedicated to business trips in textbooks published in the last 20 years, can contribute to updating and expanding the horizons and skills of the students from the Faculty of Economic Sciences, diversifying the contents, means and methods of learning, enriching the vocabulary, to a better understanding of the current economic context.

Unmanned smart hotel: applications and examples

PurposeIn the tourism sector, fully unmanned and partially unmanned hotel models serving customer segments from different income groups are increasing. Analyzing examples of unmanned hotels worldwide and their practices is crucial for understanding the automation systems used, the smart technologies employed, and the opportunities and challenges these hotels present, as well as for gaining insights into their impacts on the tourism sector.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this research were obtained from secondary sources. One of the qualitative research methods, document analysis, was used for the analysis of these sources. The content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. A seven-stage systematic review process was used in the research. This seven-stage review process consists of the following stages: (1) determining the review objectives and formulating research questions; (2) identifying search terms and selection criteria; (3) conducting a search for unmanned hotel applications before clarifying exclusion and inclusion criteria; (4) evaluating the quality and relevance of unmanned hotel applications; (5) identifying content analysis review variables; (6) conducting content analysis; and (7) analyzing and reporting the findings.FindingsIn traditional hotel management, the innovations brought by digitalization and automation are transforming the guest experience and increasing operational efficiency. Unmanned smart hotels are equipped with various technological solutions, such as voice-controlled AI assistants, smart room control systems, AI-based concierge services, and robotic room service. These hotels are redefining roles and expectations within traditional hotel management, while simultaneously reducing costs and enhancing efficiency. Analyses indicate that unmanned smart hotels particularly appeal to specific customer segments, such as business travelers, and are becoming increasingly popular. These hotels offer advantages such as allowing guests to perform self-check-in, control their rooms, and receive necessary services via robots.Research limitations/implicationsThe universe of the research consists of all currently operating unmanned hotels worldwide. As a result of the research, 18 examples of unmanned smart hotels were identified. Hotels within the same chain with identical applications and processes were considered as a single example. Therefore, the research sample consists of 18 hotels.Originality/valueBy integrating these technological advancements, the hospitality and tourism industries can mitigate the impact of staff shortages, maintain high service standards, and improve operational efficiency. This approach allows businesses to adapt to changing workforce dynamics while continuing to deliver exceptional guest experiences. In conclusion, the significance and impact of unmanned smart hotels in the travel industry are growing. These hotels have the potential to shape the role of technology in the hospitality sector and influence future trends. Therefore, the adoption and development of unmanned smart hotels are important considerations for hotel operators and industry experts.

USING YOUTUBE VIDEOS TO TEACH WRITING

This article aims to describe how an English teacher taught writing procedure text using YouTube videos to the 11th-grade students of Vocational High School. The study applied a descriptive qualitative approach. This research was conducted at one Vocational school in Pacet. The participants of this research were an English teacher and 36 students from grade 11 of Tourism Travel Business (ULP) major. This study was guided by one research question “How does the teacher teach writing procedure text using YouTube video to grade 11 students of Vocational High School?” The instruments used in this study were observation, documentation, and interview. The findings of this study show that: 1) the English teacher engaged the students to watch a video from YouTube together in the opening activity, 2) the English teacher and the students discussed the contents of the YouTube videos that have been watched in the core activity, and 3) the English teacher played YouTube videos to prepare the students’ mental condition before they were doing presentation about their writing project of procedure text in core activity. The results indicated that the YouTube video on teaching writing aligns with the stages of the teaching activities proposed by Rusmawan.

Another trip? Functional and dysfunctional coping with business travel

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to clarify why business travel has ambivalent effects on occupational well-being. We examine associations between business travel, career satisfaction and turnover intentions, as well as the mediating role of functional and dysfunctional coping strategies.Design/methodology/approachWe collected four waves of data across three months from 676 employees (n = 147 business travelers who traveled for work at least once during the study period; n = 529 non-travelers) working in various industries and managerial positions.FindingsConsistent with expectations, the greater the extent of business travel, the higher both career satisfaction (mediated by higher emotional and instrumental support, positive reframing, and substance use, and lower venting and self-distraction, denial and self-blame, and behavioral disengagement) and turnover intentions (mediated by higher active coping and planning, venting and self-distraction, behavioral disengagement, and lower positive reframing).Practical implicationsFindings reveal that business travel presents an ambivalent psychological experience and point to the importance of obtaining and using a coping portfolio in this context.Originality/valueThis study addresses functional and dysfunctional coping as unexplored mediating mechanisms between business travel, career satisfaction, and turnover intentions and provides new insights for research and practice on business travel.

A PEEP INTO THE FUTURE THROUGH THE PAST: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON WOMEN TRAVELERS

The research explores the progress of studies on women travelers, examining publication trends, top contributors, collaborations, and thematic areas, while also exploring ways to make travel more convenient. For the achievement of these research questions, a bibliometric analysis has been conducted using data from the articles published in 41 journals dating from 1982 to 2023. For bibliometric analysis, collected data was analyzed with descriptive analysis, science mapping as bibliographic coupling, citation metrics, prestige analysis, keyword co-occurrence metrics; and network analysis as co-author analysis and co-citation analysis. The study reveals the top ten authors, organizations, and countries in women traveler-related literature, but a low total publication count suggests the need for comprehensive research. Five major themes that emerged were Women Travelers and Solo Travel, Women Travelers and Travel Motivation, Women Travelers and Purchase Intention, Women Travelers and Girlfriend Getaways, and Women Travelers, and Sexual Behaviour. The study identifies research gaps for future studies and suggests managerial actions to make women's travel more convenient. The study's values lie in enhancing the understanding of women traveler research, raising awareness of research frontiers, and guiding future directions in business travel niche market segments.