Business Tier Research Articles

ONLINE ORGAN DONATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The Online Organ Donation Management System (OODMS) is developed mainly for general hospitals (GH), clinics and other health centers to manage the donor registration and user maintenance. It is an online system which only can be access or valid in Malacca state. The public can retrieve information about organ donation in this web site. People who interested can register themselves through this system. The application will be processed by the administrator and each donor will receive feedback about their application status. Furthermore, the authorized user's account will be maintained by the administrator. The donor record will be managed by four main users such as administrator, doctor, medical assistant and management staff. Only administrator has the authority and privileges to print organ list report and total donation report according to district from this system. The methodology of this system is Structured System Analysis and Design (SSADM). An analysis study has been done based on the current manual system and all the problems statements and requirements have been identified. Moreover, OODMS is three tier architecture system which involves client tier, business tier and database management tier. The interfaces for OODMS have been designed according to the requirement and needs of the current market Rather than that, this system also has been tested and evaluated in real life. This Online Organ Donation Management System will help to improve the performance of current situation and overcome the problems that arise nowadays.

Fundamentals of Transaction Management in Enterprise Application Architectures

Transaction management is a key issue in the development of enterprise application. During the payment of purchases, when dealing with bank operations or when making hotel reservations, transactions are everywhere. Curricula recommendations mainly consider specific knowledge units for transactions in the context of information management knowledge area. Thus, from a curricular point of view, transactions are usually related to Database Management Systems (DBMS). However, in the development of enterprise applications, designers and programmers use frameworks that manage transactions from the business tier. Therefore, there is a significant gap between the concept of transaction usually presented in degree courses and the real use of transactions made during the development of enterprise applications. There are excellent books that provide detailed descriptions of the transactional management in enterprise application from the business tier, but these are detailed and complex books beyond the reach of most students and, what is worse, beyond the reach of those lecturers without a significant background both in DBMS and enterprise application architectures. This paper provides a core of knowledge distilled from these books, as well as some examples of transactional architectures used in the grade software engineering courses taught by the author. The main goal is to describe in detail a knowledge unit focused on what I have called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">service transactions</i> that helps to fill the gap between the learning outcomes provided in university courses and the use of transactions made in enterprise application development.

An Enhanced Routing and Lifetime Performance for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs), especially energy resources, are scarce. Since sensor nodes are usually very dense, and the data sampled by the sensor nodes have high redundancy, data aggregation saves energy, reduces the number of transmissions, and eliminates redundancy. Many applications can be used in IIWSNs, and a new technique is introduced to detect multiple sensors embedded in different sensor nodes. Packets created by different applications have different properties. Sensors are resource-constrained devices because it is necessary to find effective reaction analysis methods and transfer sensed data to base stations. Since sensors are resource-constrained devices, efficient topologies require data distribution from base stations for management, aggregation, and cloud services in the business tier. To propose a Distributed time series Convergence Routing Protocol (DTSCR) is introduced to detect the correct relay node from the source sensors and transmit the data with the data aggregation node help of the eDCP (Edge Data Collection Protocol). The node will send data to the target source only when those in the process transmit the data, and the cutting edge of the terminal generates a trusted merger. This method can provide a reliable and efficient routing path scheme for information collection and dissemination with maximized packets exchanged between nodes and their Neighbor. Recognizes a specific set of sensor network applications to be flexible to this measurable range. We are also improving the DTSR roaming with both network size and node density.

Development of “Biosearch System” for biobank management and storage of disease associated genetic information

ObjectiveDatabases and softwares are important to manage modern high-throughput laboratories and store clinical and genomic information for quality assurance. Commercial softwares are expensive with proprietary code issue while academic versions have adaptation issue. Our aim was to develop an adaptable in-house software that can stores specimen and disease-associated genetic information in biobank to facilitate translational research. MethodsPrototype was designed as per the research requirements and computational tools were used to develop software under three tiers; Visual Basic and ASP.net for presentation tier, SQL server for data tier, and Ajax and JavaScript for business tier. We retrieved specimens from biobank using this software and performed microarray based transcriptomic analysis to detect differentialy expressed genes (DEGs) with FC ±2 and P-value <0.05 in triple negative breast cancer cases. Ingenuity pathway analysis tool was used to predict canonical molecular pathways associated with disease. Overall performance and utility of software was evaluated by JMeter software, CRUD function test and set of feedback questioners. ResultsWe developed “Biosearch System”, a web-based software enabling management of biobank samples (tissue, blood, FTTP slides) and their extracts (DNA, RNA and proteins) with clinical and experimental details. The client satisfaction feedback was excellent with score 4.7/5. We identified a total of 1181 DEGs including both upregulated (IFI6, LEF1, FANCI, CASC5, PLXNA3 etc.) and down-regulated (ADH1B, LYVE1, ADH1C, ADH1B, ADIPOQ, PLIN1, LYVE1 etc.) genes in triple negative breast cancer. Pathway analysis of DEGs revealed significant activation of interferon signaling (z-score 2.646) and kinetochore metaphase signaling pathway (z-score 2.138) in cancer. ConclusionBiosearch System is a user friendly LIMS for collection, storage and retrieval of specimen and clinical information. It is secure, efficient, and very convenient in sample tracking and data analysis. We illustrated its utility in transcriptomic study of breast cancer. Additionally, it can facilitate and speed up any genomic study and translational research publications.

Capacity building influence on waste management among horticultural processing medium and small microenterprises in Kenya

Waste management includes those activities and actions required to manage wastes from inception to its final disposal. These include collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation of waste management process. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of horticultural wastes may have serious health implications and a significant impact on the environment as well. This is so because, if people possess good knowledge towards waste management, they can protect themselves from infectious diseases and keep the environment clean. This affects people’s attitude and most people due to lack of capacity or training on how to handle wastes, do not bother to dispose wastes appropriately. This study therefore, assesses the influence of capacity building on waste management amongst horticultural processing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kenya. Using descriptive research design, the data were collected using structured questionnaires from 31 Certified Horticultural processing MSMEs in Kenya derived from Nairobi, Central and Western regions after undergoing various trainings on waste management. The results indicated that the majority of those engaged in horticultural processing MSMEs business are married (90.3%), affirming the family-oriented business tier. Further, the results showed that, before conducting training to the MSMEs, their level of knowledge on reduction in quantity of waste, waste management was at 58% and 68%, respectively. After training the result showed a high level of improvement at 87% and 83.9% on the same variables. The results further showed changes on waste management before and after capacity building with a mean of 9.29 and 16.70 respectively. Therefore, the study established a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.000 between capacity building and waste management in horticultural processing MSMEs in Kenya.

Using genetic algorithms to find optimal solution in a search space for a cloud predictive cost-driven decision maker

In a cloud computing environment there are two types of cost associated with the auto-scaling systems: resource cost and Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation cost. The goal of an auto-scaling system is to find a balance between these costs and minimize the total auto-scaling cost. However, the existing auto-scaling systems neglect the cloud client’s cost preferences in minimizing the total auto-scaling cost. This paper presents a cost-driven decision maker which considers the cloud client’s cost preferences and uses the genetic algorithm to configure a rule-based system to minimize the total auto-scaling cost. The proposed cost-driven decision maker together with a prediction suite makes a predictive auto-scaling system which is up to 25% more accurate than the Amazon auto-scaling system. The proposed auto-scaling system is scoped to the business tier of the cloud services. Furthermore, a simulation package is built to simulate the effect of VM boot-up time, Smart Kill, and configuration parameters on the cost factors of a rule-based decision maker.

Analysis and Design of an Accounting Information System

Abstract—This paper discusses an Accounting Information System (AIS) that is developed in-house by the German Jordanian University (GJU). The AIS is a web-based distributed application that is comprised of three separate tiers: the client, web (application), and business (data) tiers. The three tiers are designed and developed such that the system is easy to use, effective, fast, accurate, reliable, and scalable. The AIS mainly enables accountants to manage (i.e., record, view, edit, and delete) the daily financial transactions such as payments, refunds, and adjustments. Furthermore, it allows managing fees (e.g., services and tuition fees) and student data (e.g., academic information, schedules, transcripts, holds, registration invoices, and statement of account). Moreover, it allows specifying sponsors and supports the definition of complex scholarship tuition fees coverage combinations related to the GJU as well as most of the Jordanian universities. Besides that, it enables the quick generation of financial statements and accounting reports (e.g., daily summary, daily journal, and student balances) at the click of a button. The generated reports can be used by the staff and management of the financial department for auditing, financial accounting, and decision making purposes. The system was successfully deployed in the first 2015/2016 academic semester and since then it accurately recorded and processed thousands of accounting transactions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Index Terms: software engineering, student information system, web applications, accounting,scholarships, tuition fees.

Lean and Efficient Business Tier for Performance Scaling

Large mission critical real-time legacy OLTP systems supporting the service sectors like banking, telecom, and financial services are monolithic in nature and thereby not flexible to enable business transformation which is the need of the hour due to emerging dynamic changes to business ecosystem. Broadly speaking, these large mission critical applications can be classified into three stages of activities: pre-processing, core business processing and post processing activities. This paper focuses on making the Business processing activities tier lean and efficient. By leveraging recent advances in technologies, a methodology is described by which the OLTP applications can be successfully transformed into agile systems. The methodology enables a view of the Business Tier in five dimensions. The first dimension is identifying the business‟s core critical path and how to make it lean. The second dimension is how to enhance concurrency of the activities in the critical path. The third dimension is to improve the parallelism in execution of concurrency. The fourth is to separate I/O operations off the critical path. The fifth being how to minimize contentions for shared resources to ensure higher efficiencies. The paper also presents, the results of the experiments carried out by applying the above recommendation and the performance improvements to decide the optimal setup for an environment for given workload. Addressing the five dimensions of Business Tier, this paper demonstrates the transformation that can be achieved which will enable the business to be agile and respond to market ecosystem demands in a very efficient and effective manner.

Rapid Development Platform of NC Turrets Based on the Construction of B/S

NC Turrets include Servo Turrets and Power Turrets. The structural differences of them are addressed. In this paper, data storage structures of turret parts, turret automatically assembled, finite element analysis, optimization design and 3D model browse in the WEB are studied. Based on the construction of B/S, a NC Turret rapid development platform which is composed by Network user tier, WEB business tier and Data tier is constructed. The platform integrates a CAE analysis module based on ANSYS, a parametric design module based on SolidWorks and a reliability analysis module based on MATLAB. The Rapid Development Platform can perform the new product design and reliability analysis, and an optimal develpoment design of NC Turrets can be realized rapidly and efficiently.

Penerapan Linq(Language Integrated Query) Untuk Implementasi Aplikasi Perpustakaan

LINQ is new technology to create even window or web application. This research focus on how to implemented LINQ at Library application. The application is compiled by following a three-layer architecture rule, which is known as 'three tier'. A 'Three tier' architecture is divided into three parts, they are data tier, business tier, and presentation tier. Data tier is data in the form of a database, business tier is data in the form of services which consists of different functions that consumes the data tier, and the last one is presentation tier which takes the form of applications interface that consumes business tier.The stored information will be consumed through a special class called business logic class that will handle various operations, such as insert, update, and delete the data book. LINQ is needed to create this business logic class that allows data access and aims to facilitate query to all types of data such as Object, XML, databases, etc. This LINQ enables a programming language which is used on the Microsoft NET framework has a native query capabilities towards the data. The LINQ statement is written using C#.net with Visual Studio 2010 and DevExprees 2012 with SQLServer database. The system design uses UML. The result is library application using LINQ framework. Kata Kunci : Library application, LINQ, LINQ to SQL, Web service, WCF, SOA, Prototype.

Reusable Business Tier Components

Call Level Interfaces (CLI) are software API used for building business tiers of relational database applications whenever performance is a key requirement. Nevertheless, their use is cumbersome, mainly in large database applications with many and complex Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD) expressions. CLI are low level API conveying several difficulties during the development process of relational business tiers. Four of them are herein emphasized: 1) Programmers need to master the schemas of the underlying databases; 2) the same CRUD expression is frequently re-written to address different business needs; 3) CLI are not suited to cope with evolving business tiers and, finally, 4) CLI do not provide any feature to decouple development process of relational business tiers from the development process of application tiers. To tackle these difficulties, this paper proposes an architecture for building reusable relational business tier components based on CLI herein referred to as the Reusable Business Tier Architecture (RBTA). It relies on a customizable wide typed service to address a business area, such as accountability. The typed service is able to manage CRUD expressions, deployed at runtime, on behalf of application tiers and in accordance with users' needs. The only constraint is that the required service to manage each CRUD expression must be a sub-set of the implemented wide typed service. A proof of concept is also presented.

Next Generation Business Models in E Commerce

The ever increasing popularity of e commerce has opened new avenues for the use of brokerage systems. Various industries have given a boost to their business by introducing brokerage systems in their portals, these industries includes stock market, airlines, railways, shipping and the like. These systems have changed the overall architecture of e commerce models; these brokerage systems are responsible for the shift from two tier to three tier model in e commerce. Majority of electronic commerce is relying on two tier models, i.e. b2b, b2c, c2b, and so on, but in next generation due to the inclusion of brokerage systems there will be an increase in the number of tiers, so this existing two tier architecture will finally be replaced by three tier architecture i.e. b2b2b, b2b2c, c2b2b. This middle tier which is business tier is brokerage system. This brokerage system is an intelligent system which helps customers in decision making. In this paper we will discuss the evolutions of new business models in e commerce; beside this we will also analyze the impact of these models on e commerce. Keywords: Three Tier Business Models, Brokerage Systems, e Commerce Models.

Estimating software readiness using predictive models

In this study, defect tracking is used as a proxy method to predict software readiness. The number of remaining defects in an application under development is one of the most important factors that allow one to decide if a piece of software is ready to be released. By comparing predicted number of faults and number of faults discovered in testing, software manager can decide whether the software is likely ready to be released or not. The predictive model developed in this research can predict: (i) the number of faults (defects) likely to exist, (ii) the estimated number of code changes required to correct a fault and (iii) the estimated amount of time (in minutes) needed to make the changes in respective classes of the application. The model uses product metrics as independent variables to do predictions. These metrics are selected depending on the nature of source code with regards to architecture layers, types of faults and contribution factors of these metrics. The use of neural network model with genetic training strategy is introduced to improve prediction results for estimating software readiness in this study. This genetic-net combines a genetic algorithm with a statistical estimator to produce a model which also shows the usefulness of inputs. The model is divided into three parts: (1) prediction model for presentation logic tier (2) prediction model for business tier and (3) prediction model for data access tier. Existing object-oriented metrics and complexity software metrics are used in the business tier prediction model. New sets of metrics have been proposed for the presentation logic tier and data access tier. These metrics are validated using data extracted from real world applications. The trained models can be used as tools to assist software mangers in making software release decisions.

AN IMPLEMENTATION OF METRICS EXTRACTION AND ANALYZER TOOL

Nowadays, developers use N-tier application architecture which is a flexible and reusable structure for distribution to any number of client interfaces. In this study, we have implemented metrics extraction and analyzer tool for Business Tier and Data Access Tier source codes. We used existing object-oriented metrics and complexity software metrics as proposed for Business Tier code1,3. We use a set of metrics for the Data Access Tier that has been proposed in our previous study2. The primary aim of the implementation of the metric extraction and analyzer tool is to facilitate generation of software metrics which are used as independent variables in software quality prediction models. A secondary goal is to gather and present information on the attributes of source code to assist the programmers in managing the software projects. This tool is able to generate the principal components, correlation analysis report and descriptive statistics report. These analysis reports are essential reports for the study of software measurement and software quality management.

SwePep, a Database Designed for Endogenous Peptides and Mass Spectrometry

A new database, SwePep, specifically designed for endogenous peptides, has been constructed to significantly speed up the identification process from complex tissue samples utilizing mass spectrometry. In the identification process the experimental peptide masses are compared with the peptide masses stored in the database both with and without possible post-translational modifications. This intermediate identification step is fast and singles out peptides that are potential endogenous peptides and can later be confirmed with tandem mass spectrometry data. Successful applications of this methodology are presented. The SwePep database is a relational database developed using MySql and Java. The database contains 4180 annotated endogenous peptides from different tissues originating from 394 different species as well as 50 novel peptides from brain tissue identified in our laboratory. Information about the peptides, including mass, isoelectric point, sequence, and precursor protein, is also stored in the database. This new approach holds great potential for removing the bottleneck that occurs during the identification process in the field of peptidomics. The SwePep database is available to the public.