Business Reasons Research Articles

How German football clubs address antisemitism: organisational structures and communication

ABSTRACT In recent years, various studies have documented the regular occurrence of antisemitism in European football. At the same time, football associations publicly take a stand against discrimination, implement targeted measures and encourage big clubs to do the same. Such actions by football clubs can be interpreted either as rational ‘business reasoning’ in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or as more informal processes when considering clubs as member-run voluntary organisations. Given the heterogeneous organisational structures and resources of clubs in German football, the question of which clubs carry out which types of activities against antisemitism arises. To answer this, a quantitative document analysis of all websites of clubs in the first four divisions of German football was carried out, considering all activities and statements regarding antisemitism (N = 137). The results reveal that the reported engagement is strongly related to the resources and organisational structures, such as club size, league affiliation, CSR organisation, legal structure, and formal club purpose. Furthermore, we conducted a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of statements and measures dealing with antisemitism on the respective club websites to identify discursive practices and dominant narratives in the communication on antisemitism. Policy recommendations for German and European football authorities can be derived: On the one hand, further professionalisation in the context of CSR is needed to increase the probability of targeted measures. On the other hand, communication could be designed with more depth of content, for example by clarifying that remembrance work must be linked to the fight against current antisemitism.

Resilience in Times of Crisis: Stressors and Coping Strategies during Pandemics in Egypt

Background Psychological distress in response to pandemics is debated to have a serious and long-lasting impact on consumers’ well-being. The unprecedented nature of pandemics is associated with a wide range of life stressors and coping strategies that vary across countries. Understanding the stressors and coping strategies during pandemics is imperative for social and business reasons. Focus of the Article The study contributes to the area of positive behavior change during critical life events where social marketing can play a profound role in undertaking downstream marketing initiatives that promote adaptive coping strategies for handling emergent threats and stressors. Research Question What coping mechanisms are employed to handle the stressors during times of change? How do individual’s appraisals of the potential threat and self-efficacy affect their coping strategies? Importance to Social Marketing Field The study provides valuable insights to inform social marketing strategies by enriching the field of health communication within social marketing. By exploring the psychological and emotional stressors as well as the coping strategies, this research underscores the importance of targeted communication strategies to support community well-being and resilience. Methods To provide evidence on stressors and coping strategies during COVID-19, a sample of 50 Egyptian adults were interviewed. Results The majority of the participants mentioned the fear of losing loved ones, health threats, and uncertainty as the main stressors. Emotion-focused coping was adopted more often than problem-focused coping. Pursuing hobbies and home tasks and seeking support from family and friends were among the most used coping strategies. High self-efficacy was found to be associated with problem-focused coping strategies. Recommendations for Research and Practice Findings add to the growing literature demonstrating the unique impacts of COVID-19 on consumers’ well-being and their corresponding coping strategies. The specific types of coping strategies people endorse in managing stress and building resilience in handling the pandemic offer important policy and managerial implications. Limitations Given the qualitative nature of the study, the sample size limits the generalizability of the results. Despite the rich insights generated from the qualitative investigation, employing quantitative methods in future studies would help in examining the impact of coping strategies on consumers’ well-being.

The history of an effective, specific and sensitive diagnostic test: the GHRH test in clinical practice.

Growth hormone (GH) secretion is pulsatile, entropic, and nycthemeral and is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus through two neurohormones, the stimulating growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and the inhibiting somatostatin. Shortly after its discovery and synthesis, GHRH was intensely investigated diagnostically to define GH secretion. The nascent enthusiasm for using GHRH as a single diagnostic tool to investigate GH deficiency (GHD) dropped down quickly due to a flawed reproducibility. The subsequent combinatory use of molecules implicated in GH secretion through inhibition of the somatostatinergic tone, such as arginine (ARG), or the synthesis of receptor-orphan pharmaceutical compounds capable of stimulating pituitary somatotrophs to release GH, such as the GH secretagogues (GHSs), improved the reproducibility of GH response to GHRH alone, thus gaining access into the clinical practice by means of different diagnostic approaches. This review will focus on the history of the GHRH test, with main emphasis on GHRH plus ARG as a dynamic testing for the diagnosis of GHD. Our attention will extend crosswise from studies aimed at validating GHRH-based tests for the clinical practice, to address main pitfall conditions capable of affecting per se GH secretion, such as obesity, hypothalamic damage, and ageing. The history of GHRH test has been progressively dismantled due to the cease of its production for business reasons, opening a gap in the diagnostic workup of patients with GHD. In the urgency to seek further robust, safe, and validated diagnostic tests or tools, we hope to stimulate attention on a so important peptide for the health of our patients suffering from pituitary diseases.

Female music entrepreneurs’ use of international social capital and digital technology

Abstract Music entrepreneurs are by nature intrinsically involved in the music industry due to lifestyle and business reasons. This study investigates the use of lifestyle entrepreneurship behaviours by taking a gender perspective about how music entrepreneurs develop commercial activities. This includes focusing on how international relationships relate to meaningful music entrepreneurial experience based on the use of social capital. Drawing on interview data from 12 female music entrepreneurs the findings highlight lifestyle identification responses to entrepreneurship as central constituents. Moreover, the study shows how female music entrepreneurs tap into their lifestyle connections based on their gender and social interests. The article contributes to the development of the music, gender, lifestyle, and digital entrepreneurship work by identifying a more interdisciplinary perspective. The practical implications for the music industry evolve around helping more female entrepreneurs break into the sector by harnessing their creative potential.

Urban Traffic Simulation with Shared Mobility Services: An Approach Using Spatiotemporal Network Kernel Density Estimation and MATSim

The popularity of smartphones and 4G/5G network have enabled various novel transportation modes based on shared mobility, such as app-based ride-hailing services (e.g., Uber and Lyft) and shared micromobility services (e.g., Veo and Gotcha). However, little is known about to what degree their operations impact urban traffic, which is important for transportation planning and policy making. These companies seldom share their ride data due to business and user privacy reasons, and they are young and still exploring and growing their market to new locations. Recently, transportation engineering researchers began to collect data in large cities trying to understand the transportation impacts of shared mobility services, but (1) there does not exist a general analytics framework applicable to any city, and (2) the studies were based on historical data and cannot project the future easily to catch up with the rapid development of shared mobility services. In this paper, we introduce a general framework for multi-modal urban traffic analytics. The goal is to build a digital twin of the transportation in a city, i.e., an accurate agent-based transportation simulation model, based on a medium-sized dataset of the interested transportation modes collected by the research group combined with other open data sources such as US Census Bureau. With this digital twin, transportation engineering researchers can flexibly analyze the impact of shared mobility services under different scenarios, such as “if the number of Uber drivers doubles” or “if the number of deployed e-scooters doubles”. The digital twin may also enable new opportunities, such as being an environment for learning policies with reinforcement learning. Our framework consists of three steps: (1) fitting the spatiotemporal distribution of the shared mobility rides on the underlying road network, (2) generating the travel day-plans of the entire urban population based on the learned spatiotemporal ride distribution and user-specified parameters, and (3) configuring an agent-based simulation software such as MATSim to execute the generated realistic day-plans, which provides detailed transportation data for analytics. At the core of our approach is a new spatiotemporal network kernel density estimation (KDE) method that fixes the flaw of prior methods where the contributions of different data samples are not equal. We also propose a crowdsourcing method to collect app-based ride data that is easy to carry out in any city. Using Birmingham, AL as an example, we demonstrate how our framework can be applied to help transportation engineering researchers analyze the impacts of Uber ride-hailing and Veo e-scooter services.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding travel medicine among health care workers in a tertiary care centre

Background: International travel whether for business, work or other reasons is increasing very rapidly. Along with this the risk for travel related illness has also increased exponentially as a very few travellers seek pre and post travel advice and our health care workers can play an important role in this field. To access the current knowledge, attitude, practice of travel medicine among health care workers. Methods: The participants were briefed about the purpose of the study prior to its commencement. The questionnaire was framed in 2 sections. Section I covered the demographic profile while section II pertained to knowledge, attitude and practice. The questions were developed focusing on the domains that were already used in similar published literature. A Google form link was sent to the participants and they were given a time span of 2 days to completely fill the Google Form. Results: Nearly all the participants had a fair knowledge regarding travel medicine (52.1%), associated diseases with it (68.6%) and the most common medicines to be prescribed during travel (65.3%). But (71.9%) were still unaware about the recommended guidelines related to travel medicine. A great number of participants (90%) were of the impression to create awareness among HCWs about presentation of illness in travellers. Most of the HCWs (72.7%) were aware of the issues that needed to be addressed in pre-travel consultation which could help to reduce the risk of illness and injury during travel. Most of HCWs (81%) were of the belief to encompass training related to travel medicine to be incorporated in medical curriculum. Conclusion: HCWs has fair knowledge and positive attitude and practices with more trainings in the form of workshops and CMEs on Travel Medicine.

A web-based travel package management system integrated with QR code

The tourism industry is associated with people travelling either domestically or abroad, for business, social, or recreational reasons. This industry integrates numerous services and activities such as tourism organization, marketing, hotel industry, transportation services, food and beverage activities, retail stores and various other activities under one umbrella. In addition to generating income and jobs, tourism is the best way to promote the nation's image. As the economy and living conditions have improved, so too has the tourist sector, and more people are turning to vacations as a way to alleviate stress and unwind. Currently, travel agencies handle a lot of data with low efficiency and a lot of mistakes. Therefore, this study developed a comprehensive integration of QR code for package travel management system that caters to users in Malaysia, offering functionalities such as itinerary customization, QR code generation and access to essential travel information. The development of this project adopts the Waterfall Methodology, encompassing phases such as planning, requirement analysis, design, implementation and testing. The application is crafted using the Visual Studio Code. The study conducted a User Acceptance Testing (UAT) using questionnaires to evaluate the system's effectiveness and user-friendliness to thirty respondents including family members of frequent travellers and randomly selected community members. Positive feedbacks with Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) scoring 3.6, Attitude of Using (ATT) at 3.7, Perceived Usefulness (PU) scoring 3.4, and Intention to Use (IU) obtaining 3.9, were gathered from the analysis and findings that emphasizing the QR code system's potential as a cost-effective and efficient solution for travellers to monitor and optimize their travel experiences. Future work involves adding maps for easy navigation and implementing augmented reality (AR) for virtual destination previews.

Filgotinib in Active Noninfectious Uveitis

Noninfectious uveitis is a leading cause of visual impairment with an unmet need for additional treatment options. To assess the efficacy and safety of filgotinib, a Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) preferential inhibitor, for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis. The HUMBOLDT trial was a double-masked, placebo-controlled, phase 2, randomized clinical trial conducted from July 2017 to April 2021 at 26 centers in 7 countries. Eligible participants (aged ≥18 years) had active noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis despite at least 2 weeks of treatment with oral prednisone (10-60 mg per day). Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive filgotinib, 200 mg, or placebo orally once daily for up to 52 weeks. The primary end point was the proportion of participants experiencing treatment failure by week 24. Treatment failure was a composite end point represented by assessment of the presence of chorioretinal and/or retinal vascular lesions, best-corrected visual acuity, and anterior chamber cell and vitreous haze grades. Safety was assessed in participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug or placebo. Between July 26, 2017, and April 22, 2021, 116 participants were screened, and 74 (mean [SD] age, 46 [16] years; 43 female [59.7%] of 72 participants, as 2 participants did not receive treatment doses) were randomly assigned to receive filgotinib (n = 38) or placebo (n = 36). Despite early termination of the trial for business reasons ahead of meeting enrollment targets, a significantly reduced proportion of participants who received filgotinib experienced treatment failure by week 24 vs placebo (12 of 32 participants [37.5%] vs 23 of 34 participants [67.6%]; difference vs placebo -30.1%; 95% CI, -56.2% to -4.1%; P = .006). Business reasons were unrelated to efficacy or safety. Adverse events were reported in 30 of 37 participants (81.1%) who received filgotinib and in 24 of 35 participants (68.6%) who received placebo. Serious adverse events were reported in 5 of 37 participants (13.5%) in the filgotinib group and in 2 of 35 participants (5.7%) in the placebo group. No deaths were reported during the trial. Results of this randomized clinical trial show that filgotinib lowered the risk of treatment failure in participants with active noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis vs placebo. Although the HUMBOLDT trial provided evidence supporting the efficacy of filgotinib in patients with active noninfectious uveitis, the premature termination of the trial prevented collection of additional safety or efficacy information of this JAK1 preferential inhibitor. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03207815.

Does government spending cointegrate with bank lending? Evidence from Eurozone panel data

PurposeOur purpose is the examination of the effects of fiscal policy on private lending for the Eurozone countries. The emphasis is on the identification of the time path of government spending and bank lending.Design/methodology/approachFiscal policy is a main factor of macroeconomic stability for the euro area economy. This paper, investigates the impact of government spending on bank lending. For this reason, we present a dynamic theoretical model with a perfectly competitive banking sector, estimated using panel cointegration for the Eurozone countries from 2000Q1 to 2022Q2.FindingsOur findings highlight that, in the long run, consistent management of government spending can have a beneficial multiplicative impact on bank lending for housing and business reasons. This finding is stronger in magnitude for business versus housing lending. The high level of homogeneity of our results across Eurozone countries has positive implications for a common fiscal policy in the future. Finally, authorities should know that policy adjustments are quicker in housing lending when compared to business lending.Originality/valueIn this paper, we contribute to the existing literature, concentrating on the investigation of any existence of long-run and short-run relationships between government spending and bank lending. Additionally, our analysis allows one to investigate the contribution of each Eurozone member state in the short-run and long-run model’s dynamics, providing significant outcomes for the implementation of economic policy and the need for fiscal discipline in the Eurozone.

Implementation of Beneficial Ownership in Corporations to Prevent the Crime of Money Laundering in Accordance with Law Number 8 of 2010

The era of globalization influences the development of the world economy and one of them is the existence of many forms of business associations, in this case called corporations. Corporations are organized groups and/or assets, whether they are legal entities or non-legal entities. Corporations are often used as a place or business turnover for the proceeds of crime which is called money laundering. Crimes that are often committed by corporations are crimes related to money laundering. To prevent and eradicate the crime of money laundering, corporations must register their beneficial owners. A beneficial owner is an individual who can appoint or dismiss directors, commissioners, administrators, managers or supervisors of a corporation, has the ability to control the Corporation, is entitled to and/or receive benefits from the Corporation either directly or indirectly, is the actual owner of the funds or shares of the Corporation and/or fulfill the criteria as intended in the Presidential Regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical, which is research using statutory regulations as study material. The data collection technique used by researchers in this research is a library study technique where data is obtained from scientific writings and research in articles and other journals. In order to prevent and eradicate the crime of money laundering, Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering was issued, as well as Presidential Decree Number 13 of 2018 concerning the Application of the Principle of Recognizing the Benefits of Corporations in the Context of Preventing and Eradicating the Crime of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Crime. When establishing a corporation, the beneficial owners of the corporation must be registered. The hope of this regulation is to prevent and eradicate criminal acts of money laundering carried out by corporations under the pretext or business reasons of corporate businesses.

Eye-Tracking Analysis of Proposed Signage Design to Prevent Accidents Caused by the Abrupt Appearance of Dividers on Indian Roads

The road transport system is expanding considerably in developing countries. Villages are connecting to major cities for business, education, health, and many other reasons because of road development and smooth transportation. There has been a rise in the number of road accidents observed, caused by abruptly appearing dividers on roads and a lack of required signage systems. This paper discusses scenarios of accidents due to such abruptly appearing dividers and offers a strategy to design appropriate signage to avoid road accidents in the future. It has been observed that permanent or movable arbitrary fixtures, such as a barricade or a small partition block wall, are installed to separate lanes, in addition to white-colored stripes that are typically employed for lane separation on roads. These fixtures, although they are intended as lane-dividing solutions on roads, cause serious, and at times, fatal accidents, due their sudden, uninitiated appearance on the road. To address this problem, alternative signage designs were designed and tested on Indian roads, based on human cognitive responses and visual attention analysis on signage using an eye-tracking method. In addition, the semantic quality and legibility of alternate signage designs were evaluated using a questionnaire to judge their overall efficacy. Hence, the best signage design solution is proposed for implementation near or before occurrences of road dividers to avoid accidents.

Factors determining curtailment behaviour of youths: moderating role of government policies.

Environmental degradation poses a significant threat, making the comprehension of sustainable behaviour imperative for both environmental and business reasons. Embracing sustainable practices and reducing the unnecessary consumption of resources is essential in our current times. One can be sustainable by focusing on either buying sustainable or green products or by using fewer resources, i.e., by adopting curtailment behaviour. The purpose of this study is to determine various factors and their impact on the curtailment behaviour of youths. We used an exploratory and descriptive research design. Responses were generated from 513 young respondents using a structured questionnaire developed based on the extant literature. The structural model findings showed that social norms, eco-concern, and religiosity significantly and positively affect curtailment behaviour. However, we observed no significant influence of financial concern or government policy on curtailment behaviour. We also tested the moderation impact of government policy on the relationship between economic concern and curtailment behaviour. The findings suggest that the relationship between eco-concern and curtailment behaviour is stronger for consumers exhibiting higher commitment to government policy. It is imperative that politicians exercise critical thought and devise strategies to encourage more sustainable consumer behaviour. With the strains that our world is under now and in the future, we need to unite around a common goal: ensuring that our planet is sustainable for coming generations. The study findings are useful for academicians, marketers, and policymakers.

Prioritising Sustainability Over Profit

Abstract Dr Ona Newton FBCS, Global Program Lead at Amazon, examines the reasons for businesses to embrace sustainability as their guiding principle, the many benefits of doing so, and why it is an essential ingredient for long-term success.

Role of local landlords in small-town high streets – a study of Trowbridge, UK

High streets are a vital part of national identity and infrastructure. Responses to high street decline need to encourage stakeholder engagement. The prominence of local retail landlords as a key potential stakeholder group in smaller towns has been overlooked. Through a case study of Trowbridge, a small town in the UK, this research investigates local landlords’ contributions towards countering high street decline and their attitudes towards the challenges of maintaining healthy small-town centres. Primary qualitative data are gathered through local inspection and semi-structured interviews with local landlords. Secondary quantitative data include ownership, vacancy and occupier type. Local landlords are of particular importance, despite engaging insufficiently with wider regeneration schemes. Local landlords demonstrate a strong awareness of the causes of high street decline and local issues. They also desire improvements to the current conditions of the high street, for both philanthropic and business reasons. The authors conclude that local landlords are a significant group with the credible potential to implement changes. This informs analyses of other towns struggling to reinvigorate their centres. While the case study provides a rich picture and the results are largely generalisable, further research is needed to understand more about the role of local landlords across similar towns with respective idiosyncrasies.

Drug shortages. Part 2: Trends, causes and solutions.

Drug shortages make it difficult or impossible to meet the therapeutic needs of individual patients or populations. In the first part of this review we proposed an operational definition that incorporates the processes by which products are manufactured, the causes of shortages and stock-outs (local shortages), and the contributory factors. Here we discuss causes and possible solutions. Drug shortages have complex causes, and a single cause cannot always be identified. Reasons include lack or shortage of raw materials, manufacturing difficulties, regulatory and political actions, voluntary recalls, just-in-time inventory systems, halts in production for financial or other business reasons, low demand (eg, orphan products, reduced usage), mergers, market shifts (eg, diversion to home markets) and unexpected increases in demand (eg, improved diagnosis, new trial information, epidemics and pandemics, inappropriate use, off-label use). Potential solutions are as diverse as the potential causes. Prevention is hard, because shortages are not easily predicted. Everyone in the supply chain is involved in anticipating and managing shortages, with responsibilities for preventing them or at least trying to mitigate their effects. This includes manufacturers and suppliers, particularly of generic formulations, pharmacists, prescribers, patients and governments. Solutions can therefore be linked to the causes and classified according to where the responsibility for implementing them lies.

Data Mining Techniques in Decision Making

Data mining aims to find relevant information for decision-making, forecasting, optimising, and other business or research reasons. In this study, data mining is used in the domain of decision-making. Various problems for this domain exist in the literature, including selection problems, considering unnecessary attributes, and removing irrelevant attributes in the dataset by applying different preprocessing techniques. For this purpose, a smartphone dataset is used, and different machine learning classifiers are applied. Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, SMO, bagging, and Random Forest were chosen for precision, recall, and F-measure. Results demonstrate that Random Forest obtains 57% accuracy and performs better on average than the other algorithms. The class "Saving Account" was classified with 52% accuracy as of the other attributes, but it has the fewest errors depending on the attributes. This study can be extended by applying the proposed methodology to a rich volume dataset and deep-learning techniques.

Improvised and Self-taught Bookkeeping: Evidence from a WWII Captive’s Diary


 This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature on the issue of the accounting utility not for business reasons but for non-accountants and from the point of view of everyday life financial needs and human survival. In addition, this paper aims to reveal conclusions from the application of accounting by an ordinary essentially illiterate person, including that self-taught accounting is connected to the principles of accounting and modern application experience.
 Applying a qualitative-determinative analysis of a handwritten bookkeeping Diary, revealed that several accepted accounting principles were applied, even instinctively, by the illiterate young person.
 The improvised bookkeeping suggests that basic accounting knowledge derives from the specific needs of the individual and is configured according to specific circumstances of time and place and to the ease of understanding basic accounting theory and skills. The choice to use accounting, and the sanctuary and therapeutic value of accounting as bulwark in the worst possible circumstances reveals another option of social dimension of accounting.
 The accounting application as a means of finding structure and guidance in an unknown world and within a tragic environment helped extremely to turn the young refugee’s disaster to a success story.
 The few pages from the hand-written diary of an ex WWII captive is the quite unique and interesting material this paper is constructed on and consist an undoubtable original documentation, but at the same time the scarcity of the few saved pages comprises the main research limitation.
 The elements considered by an “Illiterate” in the accounting field, most significant, as well as the way in which these principles were registered, should be considered in Accounting Education.
 
 EL Classifications: D030, D100, M490
 Key words: Accounting history, Bookkeeping, Accounting principles, Qualitative analysis

Business Modeling Innovation Using Artificial Intelligence Technology

Startups embracing artificial intelligence (AI) as a component of their business models are quickly emerging right now. The application of AI technology in business has been going on for a while, even though recent research reveals that new or alternative business models are being implemented.It might be claimed that AI technology has been used to business models for a very long time, which puts into question the uniqueness of these business models. In order to better understand how AI companies' business models may differ from traditional IT business models, this study compares them to each other. The first step is to create a taxonomy of business models for AI businesses using a sample of 162 Worldwide Stratup, from which four archetypal business models are derived: Deep technology researcher, data analytics supplier, AI product and service provider, and facilitator of AI development The following are three main elements of startup business models for AI firms that are discussed based on this descriptive analysis: (1) new value propositions made possible by AI, (2) Various uses of data to create value and (3) How AI technology affects general business reasoning. By defining their key purposes, common instantiations, and distinguishing features, this research adds to our fundamental understanding of the AI start-up business model. This study suggests intriguing directions for further investigation in the field of entrepreneurship. À It is structured to foster entrepreneurial activity. Taxonomies and models are actually instrument.

Business Modeling Innovation Using Artificial Intelligence Technology

Startups embracing artificial intelligence (AI) as a component of their business models are quickly emerging right now. The application of AI technology in business has been going on for a while, even though recent research reveals that new or alternative business models are being implemented.It might be claimed that AI technology has been used to business models for a very long time, which puts into question the uniqueness of these business models. In order to better understand how AI companies' business models may differ from traditional IT business models, this study compares them to each other. The first step is to create a taxonomy of business models for AI businesses using a sample of 162 Worldwide Stratup, from which four archetypal business models are derived: Deep technology researcher, data analytics supplier, AI product and service provider, and facilitator of AI development The following are three main elements of startup business models for AI firms that are discussed based on this descriptive analysis: (1) new value propositions made possible by AI, (2) Various uses of data to create value and (3) How AI technology affects general business reasoning. By defining their key purposes, common instantiations, and distinguishing features, this research adds to our fundamental understanding of the AI start-up business model. This study suggests intriguing directions for further investigation in the field of entrepreneurship. À It is structured to foster entrepreneurial activity. Taxonomies and models are actually instrument.

A Comparative Study on the Set-backs & Benefits of Acquisition and Merger

Mergers and acquisitions have long been the most preferred method of inorganic company growth. It is frequently used to restructure corporate structures. Companies engage in mergers and acquisitions for strategic business reasons that are, in theory, purely financial. This study offers an effort to assess the impact of the acquiring firms' previous and subsequent financial performance.