Business Technology Research Articles

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain Technology for the Advancement of Finance Technology (FinTech) in Businesses

This brief investigation seeks to explore the significant impact and offer a thorough analysis of the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology in revolutionizing financial technologies (FinTech) within the context of African business environments. Central to this study is an examination of how AI-driven solutions and blockchain technology can improve efficiency, accessibility, and innovation in financial services. Currently, African businesses face numerous challenges that hinder their overall success. Among these are the prevalence of fraud in Africa’s economy and the absence of credit scoring and reliable risk management, leading to bad debts and poor capital management. The businesses also lack data infrastructure, regulatory compliances, customer engagement and personalisation data privacy, cybersecurity and volatile currencies. Through intensive evaluation, we will be venturing into and showcasing how applications of AI and blockchain technology address these hurdles via techniques involving fraud detection, risk mitigation, advanced credit assessments and scoring for underserved communities, loan origination systems, and automated customer support utilising tools like chatbots, bolstered market analytics, streamlined regulation conformance, and augmented financial inclusivity encompassing digital payment platforms, saving mechanisms, loans, investments, and insurance products. By leveraging AI, African businesses can propel FinTech innovation and progression, foster economic prosperity, and drive sustainable development. The paper comprehensively analyses the current state of AI-driven FinTech solutions in Africa, identifying key factors that can unlock a new era of financial innovation, potential challenges businesses may face in implementing these technologies and our comprehensive research on their solutions.

Financial technology in a South African banking institution to achieve strategic sustainability

Purpose: The aim of this article was to better understand the alignment of banking business models with disruptive technologies.Design/methodology/approach: An explorative study was used to uncover participants’ views of technology adoption in a particular banking institution in South Africa. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 12 participants. Employing a qualitative approach, interpretive techniques were used to decode, describe and translate themes and concepts of certain phenomena.Findings/results: Disruptive technologies offered by Fintechs are generally embraced, provided they are fit-for-purpose and deliver a value proposition to drive client-centric growth. Partnering with Fintechs plays a pivotal role in alignment between business and information technology, enabling banks to leverage technology to reach broader markets. This enables scalable growth, which is vital to sustainability.Practical implications: The study assists South African financial institutions in aligning business models to continuously evolve with disruptive shifts in technology, and leverage technologies offered by Fintechs to maintain market relevance and grow competitive advantage in a sustainable manner.Originality/value: It is especially pertinent to banks in South Africa and other developing nations, as it highlights important implications for partnering with Fintech companies. In addition to validating the Improved Technology Acceptance Model framework, it reveals more factors to consider when partnering with Fintechs. The results contribute to the literature on the adoption of disruptive technologies, as well as relations between banks and Fintechs, in order to improve partnerships between these entities.

Supply Chain Environmental Uncertainty, Competitive Advantage, and Operational Performance in Manufacturing Industry

Goal: This study investigates the impact of Supply Chain Environmental Uncertainty (SCEU) on competitive advantage and operational performance in manufacturing companies. The mediating role of competitive advantage and the moderating role of supply chain environmental uncertainty in the relationship between competitive advantage and operational performance were examined. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This paper used quantitative approach to confirm the conceptual model. Data was collected through questionnaires from directors/operational managers in 121 large and medium-scale manufacturing companies in Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia. The analysis employs Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) to test the direct, mediating, and moderating effects of supply chain environmental uncertainty. Results: The findings demonstrate a significant positive influence of supply chain environmental uncertainty on competitive advantage and operational performance. However, competitive advantage does not significantly affect operational performance. The study reveals that competitive advantage is perfect mediator between supply chain environmental uncertainty and operational performance, while supply chain environmental uncertainty is a moderating predictor between competitive advantage and operational performance. Practical Implications: The research has implications for manufacturing company managers adapting to supply chain environmental uncertainty through supplier, customer, and technology considerations. It emphasizes the importance of adapting to supply chain environmental uncertainty to enhancing competitive advantage and operational performance in the manufacturing industry. Efforts to improve operational performance and strategically integrate competitive advantage should consider the business environment, including suppliers, customers, and technology. Limitations: This research is limited to large and medium-scale manufacturing industries, hindering generalization to other industries, particularly small-scale ones. Additionally, researchers can consider additional contextual factors such as supply chain integration, supply chain agility, and total quality management. Originality/Value: This study expands the theoretical framework of supply chain environmental uncertainty, competitive advantage, and operational performance through empirical testing of a theoretical model. The findings support the proposed model's validity and highlight the mediation role of competitive advantage and supply chain environmental uncertainty, providing a reference for future theory development and model building.

Transform Financial Data into Strategic Insights Using the Sap Business Technology Platform

This article examines the groundbreaking fusion of SAP Business Technology Platform (BTP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the realm of financial reporting, emphasizing their transformative role in translating financial data into strategic insights for executive leadership. By introducing automated commentary generation, this integration enables BTP to convert intricate financial datasets into coherent narratives that furnish decision-makers with actionable intelligence. Positioned at the nexus of AI progress and financial analysis, BTP facilitates the seamless conversion of complex data into narrative or commentary reports, fostering coherence, insightfulness, and accessibility for decision-makers. The discourse delves into the underlying mechanisms of BTP functionality in financial reporting, spanning data interpretation, language processing, commentary generation, and customization, thereby enhancing report efficiency, precision, and accessibility. Through meticulous exploration, this article elucidates BTP's contributions to financial reporting commentary, including enhanced efficiency, accuracy, scalability, and personalized delivery of financial insights. Furthermore, it confronts the challenges inherent in BTP application, encompassing technical intricacies, ethical considerations, and the constraints of current technologies in capturing financial intricacies. Looking ahead, the article envisions a future where ongoing advancements in AI and machine learning refine BTP capabilities, furnishing even more sophisticated and nuanced financial insights to underpin strategic decision-making at the highest echelons of business leadership.

Importance of Eco-Entrepreneurship as a Tool for Climate Action and LowCarbon Transition in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria

Climate change poses socio-economic, legal and environmental vulnerabilities such as land degradation, biodiversity loss, loss of property and livelihood, increase poverty rate and a threat to public health. These impacts are said to only intensify with projected increase in population and global economic growth. Hence, global consensus advocate for decarbonisation and low carbon transition in all economic sectors as an effective mitigation strategy for climate change. In an attempt to lower carbon emissions, leading cooperation’s and organizations have focused on mitigation projects that regulate activities of cooperate actors and big CO2 emitters such as the oil and gas conglomerates. However, the United Nation Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) promotes a transformative bottom-up approach to address climate change via localism and citizen participation to educate and train eco-entrepreneurs or ecopreneurs who participate and engage in strategic entrepreneurship projects designed to actively decarbonize economies. These ecopreneurs generate home-grown sustainabilityfocused small and medium scale eco-enterprises (SMEEs), also called energy citizens, ecological citizens, energy communities and co-operatives that can develop sustainable business model innovations, nature-based services and solutions, sustainable business management strategies, technologies and green jobs needed to drive the low carbon transition in key CO2 -emitting economic sectors such as the energy, agriculture, transportation, waste management, food, tourism, building and architecture and fashion industries. This article examines the characteristics, nature and benefits of eco-entrepreneurship as a tool for advancing climate action and low carbon energy transition. Using Nigeria as a case study, a profile of the barriers slowing the growth of eco-entrepreneurship is identified within the PESTEL framework. Furthermore, drawing examples from the U.K. governance landscape and portfolio, recommendations on a transformative yet contextual strategy captured in the five transformative features (diversity, connectivity, polycentricity, redundancy and directionality) are made to interrogate and overcome entrepreneurial ecosystem barriers towards successfully supporting the rapid growth of eco-entrepreneurship.

Optimizing Business Operations through Edge Computing: Advancements in Real-Time Data Processing for the Big Data Era

The question of big data brought new opportunities and threats to business environment primarily in terms of processing increasingly large amounts of data in realtime. This paper examines the way in which edge computing can /should benefit business processes by offering improvements to real-time data analysis beyond what is provided by cloud-based systems while overcoming the challenge of latency, bandwidth and scalability. The study uses both primary and secondary data collected from 50 companies that use edge computing for processing of big data in industries including manufacturing, health, and retail. It involves cases where the factors are manifested, practices involving changes in numerical values of operations and other models involving the management of real-time data. Studies show that edge computing cuts down data processing delay by 40-60% on average, cuts data utilization and improves decision-making. This work also examines the use-cases of edge computing in order to demonstrate its potential across industries that must analyze data in near realtime, including self-driving automobiles, IoT gadgets, and logistics. Toward this end, this research provides an analysis of the ethical issues of decentralized data handling especially focusing on data security and data privacy. In response to the research questions of the paper, this study provides practical recommendations to help the companies in pursuing edge computing in the big data environment for the sake of sustaining market competitiveness. The research enriches the existing knowledge in business technology by presenting the possibility of change that edge computing brings.

Problems and prospects of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

In the modern world of rapidly developing technologies, digitalization has become not just a trend, but a vital condition for the successful functioning of any business, regardless of its scale. In Russia, as in many other countries, digitalization processes have taken a leading position among development priorities. Today digitalization implies the active and widespread introduction of modern digital technologies, automation tools and innovative solutions in all areas of business, which means a transition from traditional, manual methods of work to automated processes based on digital data. Digitalization is of particular importance for the development of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is this segment of the economy that is the most dynamic, flexible and adaptable to changes in most developed countries of the world. The introduction of digital solutions in small and medium-sized businesses will improve their competitiveness, create new jobs, strengthen economic growth and make Russia more competitive at the global level. The article examines the results of a study of the state of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and the Republic of Belarus, the degree of implementation of digital technologies in small and medium-sized businesses in the two countries. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, a conclusion was made about the positive dynamics of the development of both the SME sector as a whole and the level of its digitalization, the directions of digital development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus were determined.

Sustainable Human Development In The light of Training and Total Quality (TQ)/ Study area (General Company for Hydraulic Industries) One of the Technological Incubators

This research aims to achieve sustainable human development through training and Total Quality (TQ) in Technological Business Incubators (General Company for Hydraulic Industries), to provide small and medium enterprises with effective human resources. The research targeted the intermediate levels represented by workers responsible for translating strategic decisions and strategic management of human resources by making decisions related to developing and empowering workers and building the necessary and effective capabilities. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach due to its suitability to the objectives of the study and using the SPSS program to extract the results for the purpose of analyzing them. Thus, the study reached many results, the most important of which is the presence of a significant positive effect between the research variables. The results of the correlation relationships between the training variable and TQ reached 97%, and that the technological incubator provides a set of services in human resource development through training and TQ in its human dimension and leads to improving overall performance, developing workers and continuous work with a future vision and comprehensive sustainable development. It recommended laying the necessary foundations for applying the basic principles of justice and social responsibility necessary for development and investment of effective human capital to achieve sustainable human development

Posthumanist Technologies in Business: AI and Cloud Computing for Global Optimization and Ethical Challenges

. This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing within posthumanist technologies, focusing on their impact on business optimization and information security. A systematic review of 40 studies across sectors such as banking and retail highlights the benefits of AI in automating tasks and enhancing decision-making, while cloud computing provides flexibility and scalability. However, risks like data privacy issues, algorithmic bias, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities demand attention. The research emphasizes the need for ethical frameworks and security strategies to mitigate these risks. Additionally, it stresses the importance of equitable access to these technologies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and marginalized communities. The study provides actionable recommendations for businesses and calls for future research on the long-term societal implications of these technologies

A Study on Green Banking Awareness of Customer's Perspective Concerning Tiruvallur District

In today’s business technology, banking is the backbone of each business, and technology plays a crucial role. The role of technology is dynamic speedily day to day, which additionally promotes the bank and monetary establishments. Bank is one of the very best monetary establishments that often explore the use and advantages of technology provided to customers through a range of services. Green banking could be a service that helps the client handle financial dealings or operations with the assistance of a Green device. Green devices include smartphones, tablets, etc. Green banking introduces the utilization of smartphone or alternative devices to control online banking transactions whereas remote from your laptop, portable computer, or other devices, like transferring cash from one account to a different account, electricity bill payments, gas bill payments, recharge Green, online looking, etc. Green banking is service that is additional by a bank or monetary establishments that enable to its customers to control monetary or banking transactions by victimization smartphone or tablets. Green banking is accessible 24*7 for patrons for financial transactions. The bank offered Green banking services to their customers to extend a lot of customers and take advantage of these services. Green banking is one of the world’s growing and quickest Green technologies during this paper analyzes the study of Green banking awareness of customer’s perspective for Tiruvallur District.

Identification of Customer Through Voice Biometric System in Call Centres

In recent times, there has been a growing emphasis on adjusting communication strategies to foster strong customer relationships. This shift is driven by intensified competition, market maturation, and swift advancements in business technology. Consequently, companies have established call centers to efficiently handle customer support and fulfil customer inquiries. A pivotal aspect of enhancing service quality within these call centers involves accurately identifying customers during their interactions. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a methodology for identifying customers within call centers by analyzing their voice characteristics. Voice authentication (VA) has gained prominence in critical security operations, including banking transactions and conversations within call centers. The susceptibility of automatic speaker verification systems (ASVs) to deceptive spoofing attacks has prompted the development of countermeasures (CMs). These countermeasures are designed to differentiate between authentic and fabricated speech. ASVs and CMs collectively constitute contemporary VA systems, positioned as robust access control mechanisms. To achieve this goal, various customer identification systems within call centers have been examined, along with an analysis of audio signal attributes. Ultimately, the manuscript presents a novel approach to customer identification through voice biometrics. Notably, this method excels in recognizing customers even when provided with limited voice data. Empirical findings demonstrate that the suggested speaker identity confirmation method outperforms alternative techniques utilizing different algorithms, exhibiting a higher recognition rate. The present research work is based on two important perspectives of the call centres: a. call center agents experience and b. customer experience. The data collected separately from customers and agents for understanding the effective usage of voice biometric system in call centres. The data represented and satisfies the effectiveness of voice biometric system from both the perspectives. From the data it is also cleared that, the implementation of voice biometric system in call centres still have long way to go but will be a major technological change for the industries worldwide.

Effect of Entrepreneurship Skills Training on Agricultural Production

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurship skills training on agricultural productivity among small-holder coffee farmers in Kenya. Entrepreneurship in coffee farming involves innovation, effective resource management, risk-taking, and market adaptation—all essential for the entrepreneurial process. Given the critical role of coffee farming in Kenya's economy and the challenges faced by small-holder farmers, this research explores how entrepreneurial skills can enhance productivity and sustainability. A mixed-method approach was employed, with data collected from 12,000 farmers using questionnaires. A sample size of 387 was determined using Yamane's formula, and stratified random sampling was applied across 17 factories. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results indicate that training in business planning, technology, financial management, and leadership significantly improves coffee farming performance. The study concludes that ineffective entrepreneurship training is closely linked to poor performance in coffee farming. It recommends that the government, through the ministries of agriculture and co-operatives, prioritize entrepreneurship training for small-holder coffee farmers to enhance productivity. These findings can guide future interventions aimed at reviving the coffee industry and ensuring its sustainability in Kenya.

A Retrospective Study of Technology Business Incubators in the Philippines

This study aims to assess Technology Business Incubators under (TBIs) the Higher Education Institution Readiness for Innovation and Technopreneurship (HeIRIT) with the auspices of the UPSCALE Innovation Hub, University of the Philippines-Diliman and the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD). Twenty TBIs were identified to give feedback and used as study participants using a questionnaire created by researchers based on the existing DOST metrics. The study's findings provided insightful information for implementing authorities both internal and external reforms.

Influence Work Environment, Compensation, Culture Work and Leadership Towards Employee Job Satisfaction

This study aims to analyze the influence of the work environment, compensation, work culture, and leadership on employee job satisfaction at BigBox Tribe BSP, a division that focuses on the digital and technology business. This research uses quantitative methods, with questionnaires distributed to BSP BigBox Tribe employees as part of the sampling technique. The results show that the work environment, compensation, work culture, and leadership have a significant influence on employee job satisfaction. These findings contribute to the management of BSP BigBox Tribe by offering strategies to improve job satisfaction through better work environments, compensation systems, work culture, and leadership quality.

Optimalisasi Media Sosial Youtube sebagai Media Berwirausaha

YouTube is a website that allows people to upload and exchange videos. YouTube is an effective social media platform for companies to introduce their products through video content. YouTube is developing into an effective tool for business. YouTube offers live broadcasts of product or service demos, YouTubers can record and post videos about the offers they want, and these offers can attract clients. With millions of videos produced every day, YouTube social media has a good chance of getting videos seen, so you have the opportunity to succeed in online business using YouTube media. Another advantage of social media is that YouTube can improve their marketing techniques and gain a better understanding of their audience by using the analytical tools that YouTube offers. Therefore, YouTube serves as an important tool for doing business online, besides being a place to share YouTube videos. Considering the background information provided, optimizing YouTube social media aims to motivate and improve the abilities of Dawis mothers who want or are currently entrepreneurship in utilizing YouTube as an online business medium. Mrs. Dawis can improve viewers' understanding and retention of knowledge by producing more visually interesting informational material or videos on YouTube. People are more likely to understand and retain knowledge when it is presented on YouTube in an original and engaging way. Therefore, optimizing social media is needed to help Dawis mothers develop their capacity to produce interesting and successful YouTube videos. Thus, Dawis women can use YouTube as a platform for online commerce and entrepreneurship more effectively. This community service aims to optimize the use of YouTube social media as an entrepreneurial tool for Dasa Wisma (Dawis) women in Amposari Village, Pedurungan District, Semarang City. This program was implemented by the Community Service (PKM) team from the Muhammadiyah Semarang Institute of Statistics and Business Technology in March 2024. This activity included theoretical and practical training involving 25 participants from various RTs in the village. The methods used include interviews, discussions, lectures, and questions and answers, with the aim of exploring online business ideas and improving the entrepreneurial spirit of participants

IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON E-COMMERCE:"A STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR"

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the e-commerce landscape, influencing consumer behavior significantly. This study aims to explore the various ways AI impacts e-commerce, utilizing numerical data to analyze consumer preferences, purchasing patterns, and overall shopping experiences. The findings reveal both advantages and disadvantages, providing a comprehensive overview of AI's role in shaping modern consumer behavior. This study examines the transformative effects of artificial intelligence on E-commerce and consumer preferences and purchasing patterns have evolved. this paper analyzes various numerical data, identifies key trends, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of AI in E-commerce. In online shopping enterprises, AI technology has been widely used to provide accurate and fast personalized consumer services. This research demonstrates the use of AI technology in the e-commerce business, specifically online enterprises, to determine different effects. The study was conducted in Jordan and involved about 230 participants. The study evaluated different impacts of AI, such as e-payment and stimulating consumers' sentiments. The study used the Stimulus–Organism–Response model (SOR) empirical model, which states that the examination of human processes differs from that of the machine assessment. The model classified the AI technology experienced by the customers' when they visit online to do purchasing. Online purchasing behaviors can be influenced by insight, accuracy, and interaction experience. Also, the perceived value was used as a mediating variable from the prospects of perceived hedonic and utility value. The research integrated empirical research models such as SEM and SPSS to analyze the data on the effects of three-dimension. The results indicated that the AI technology accuracy, interactive experience, and insight significantly affected customers' perceived hedonic and utilitarian values. KEYWORDS: AI in consumer behavior, Artificial Intelligence etc

The strategic role of entrepreneurial computer engineers in shaping innovation ecosystems: innovation engineering

PurposeThis paper investigates the critical role of entrepreneurial computer engineers in driving innovation and accelerating economic growth through the creation of technological businesses. By analyzing their contributions to innovation ecosystems, this paper aims to provide insights into the unique impact these engineers have within the entrepreneurial landscape. The study underscores the need for tailored policies that harness the potential of entrepreneurial computer engineers to achieve macroeconomic objectives amidst ever-changing economic complexities.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the significance of entrepreneurial computer engineers within the innovation ecosystem, this study uses bibliometric analysis with VOS viewer to explore existing literature on engineering and entrepreneurship.FindingsUsing bibliometric analysis, the authors reveal a network of interconnected skills such as risk-taking, self-determination and project-based learning, evident in the co-occurrence of keywords.Practical implicationsThe entrepreneurial computer engineer plays a central role in steering technical innovation and fostering sustainable economic growth within the field of computer engineering. The authors pinpoint specific skills and strategic pathways crucial for the growth and development of entrepreneurial computer engineers, emphasizing the unique contributions and challenges within this domain.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the under-researched topic of engineering entrepreneurship in relation to innovation, aiming to provide knowledge and insights into the intersection of engineering and entrepreneurship. By examining this nexus, the paper contributes to filling the gap in existing literature and offers valuable perspectives for both academia and industry.

Utilizing Cobit 4.1 and Balance Scorecard to Manage Information Technology Business Process in Higher Education Institution

Pamulang University's Information Technology Strategy Plan aims to develop a comprehensive strategy to maximize IT efficiency and effectiveness in the institution. Using the COBIT 4.1 approach, SWOT analysis, and Balanced Scorecard, this plan identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the current IT infrastructure and develops an integrated strategy for IT development. COBIT 4.1 provides a framework for managing and controlling IT by ensuring that IT processes support business objectives and meet stakeholder needs. The SWOT analysis explores the internal and external factors that influence IT at Pamulang University, while the Balanced Scorecard helps in establishing balanced strategic metrics and objectives across multiple perspectives, including financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth. This strategic plan is expected to improve IT management, support the achievement of Pamulang University's goals and facilitate data-based decisions for innovation and continuous improvement.

ASSESSMENT OF THE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES)

Business technology tends to maximize the use of technology within the company to meet the demands and desires of customers. However, technology has also the potential to benefit management and business practices. Several factors influence an organization's decision to use new technology. Some of these factors are: to increase results, to improve the product, to reduce the dependence on specialized work as well as to keep up with the latest trends and developments. Technology is important because it can be a key differentiator in attracting and retaining talented employees. However, technology also has the potential for it the management and practices of businesses also benefit. The purpose of this study is to determine how the introduction of technology affects different business processes. Also, in this paper, we will try to identify the effects and advantages of the application of technology to small and medium enterprises in North Macedonia and Kosovo. Technology has revolutionized the way enterprises conduct business, enabling small businesses to catch up with larger organizations. Small businesses use a variety of technologies to develop competitive advantages in the economic marketplace as well as increase the productivity of their employees. Small and medium business owners should consider implementing technology in their planning process for easier integration and the possibility of future expansion. The results from this study suggest that SMEs may be able to increase their business capacity when innovations and technologies are applied.

PENGARUH MODAL, TENAGA KERJA, LAMA USAHA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DENGAN TEKNOLOGI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (Studi pada Kelurahan Wonokoyo Kecamatan Beji Pasuruan)

This research aims to understand the influence of capital, labor, length of business on income with technology as a moderating variable. This research uses an associative quantitative method, with a minimum sample size of 50 respondents, using multivariate (correlation or multiple regression), the tests used in this research use descriptive statistical analysis, instrument reliability tests, validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, multiple linear regression analysis, T test, r test. The results of the research show that 1. capital (X1) has a significant effect on income (Y) the sig value obtained is 0.00 > 0.05, so that H0 is accepted 2. labor (X2) has a significant effect on income (Y) the significant value is obtained is 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 is accepted 3. Length of business (X3) has a significant effect on income (Y). The significant value obtained is 0.00 < 0.05, so H0 is accepted 4. Interaction variable between Capital and Technology ( X1Z) has a significant effect on Income (Y) with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, H0 is accepted 5. The interaction variable between Labor and Technology (X2Z) has a significant influence on Income (Y) with a significant value of 0.003 < 0.05. Therefore, H0 is accepted. 6. The interaction variable between Business Length and Technology (X3Z) has a significant influence on income (Y). The significant value is 0.000 > 0.05, meaning H0 is accepted.