Business Model Adaptation Research Articles

Application of Information-Sharing for Resilient and Sustainable Food Delivery in Last-Mile Logistics

The growing food demand, the tendency for organic food, and the adaptation of the e-commerce business model require new food supply chain management approaches. On the one hand, 30% of the world’s produced food is wasted, and CO2 emissions are rapidly growing due to transport. On the other hand, the increasingly complex and dynamic environment is decreasing the effectiveness of food supply chains. Because of these trends, sustainability and resilience are becoming more relevant to food supply chains. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose a strategy based on information exchange to improve food quality and decrease the level of CO2 emission in last-mile deliveries of food products. To achieve this goal, an agent-based model of last-mile deliveries was developed. The model simulated traffic flow and traffic accidents as disturbances in the system while measuring the level of CO2 emission and food quality of the network. The simulation compares information sharing between all vehicles in the urban area and without information sharing in four scenarios of the food industry. In practice, information sharing is achieved by using connected vehicle technology. The use of information sharing between vehicles in last-mile delivery processes allows the development of a self-organizing system, which would adapt to disturbances and lead to the development of sustainability in the long run.

Environmental, social, governance risk versus cooperation models between financial institutions and businesses. Sectoral approach and ESG risk analysis

Introduction:ESG risk and the business sector are essential in the process of adapting business models towards sustainability. The article aims to analyze ESG risk, taking into account these business sectors that are most affected by ESG risk, and to identify the relationship between ESG risk and cooperation models of financial institutions and companies (Anglo-Saxon/German-Japanese). The original research approach was based on including the financial system model in the analysis of ESG risk impact and the companies’ methods of achieving sustainable business models with external funding.Methods:The study is based on a two-stage analysis. First, fuzzy cognitive maps are used to evaluate the strength and direction of the relations between factors included in the companies’ sustainable business models according to the business sectors. At the second stage, a correspondence analysis was carried out to distinguish four groups of companies’ industries characterized by homogenous features related to the business sector, sustainable business model (SBM), and the way to transform to sustainability.Results:Methods of achieving sustainability in companies’ business models differ depending on business sectors. The “financial institution—company” cooperation model and recommendations were proposed.Discussion:Financial institutions play a crucial role in financing the transition into sustainable business models. However, their impact differs depending on the business sector and the model of the financial system (bank or market oriented). The study assumes that the financial system model determines the form of cooperation between financial institutions and companies in the process of financing costs towards sustainability.

СONCERNING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WARTIME

The essence of the concept of «economic security of the functioning of agricultural enterprises» has been revealed and clarified. Methodical approaches to determining the basic level of economic security of the functioning of agricultural enterprises are proposed. The impact of military conflicts on the economic stability of agricultural enterprises is studied. The main challenges faced by agricultural enterprises in the conditions of military operations are determined. Strategies and measures are being developed to ensure the effective functioning of enterprises during the wartime period. Attention is paid to key aspects of economic security, such as risk management, resource reserve, and adaptation of business models under the influence of wartime conditions. A detailed analysis of strategies provides an understanding of how agricultural enterprises can effectively protect their economic security and maintain stability in times of military threats. The economic security of the functioning of agricultural enterprises is the state of the enterprise, which characterizes its ability to be effective, despite internal and external threats. The basic level of economic security of the functioning of agricultural enterprises is determined based on the assessment of such indicators as financial stability, production capacity, competitiveness, environmental safety. Military conflicts create significant threats to the economic security of agricultural enterprises. The main challenges include: disruption of production processes; reducing access to resources; increasing the level of risks. To ensure the effective functioning of agricultural enterprises during the war period, it is necessary to develop and implement a set of measures, such as: risk management; resource reservation; adaptation of business models. Risk management involves the development and implementation of measures aimed at reducing the probability and consequences of negative events. Resource reservation involves the creation of reserves of resources necessary to ensure the uninterrupted functioning of the enterprise. The adaptation of business models involves changing the organizational structure, technologies, production processes, etc., taking into account the conditions of wartime. The proposed strategies and measures ensure an increase in the economic security of agricultural enterprises and contribute to their sustainable functioning in the period of military threats.

Аdaptation of business practices to the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from micro and small enterprises

Goal: to determine how three business model adaptation (BMA) strategies (namely, product development, market development, and diversification) influence firm profitability through the mediating mechanisms of customer behavioral loyalty and acquisition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: the study is based on a telephone survey of 210 Russian micro and small enterprises conducted in the beginning of 2022. Structural equation modeling is used to test the relationships between three BMA strategies, customer behavioral loyalty, customer acquisition, and firm profitability. Findings: three BMA strategies positively influence customer acquisition but have no effects on customer behavioral loyalty. In turn, customer behavioral loyalty and acquisition unequally contribute to firm profitability. Diversification strategy is found to be the only strategy that positively influences firm profitability during the crisis. This effect is mediated neither by customer loyalty nor customer acquisition but is supposedly achieved through the strategic choice of higher-margin destination markets. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study contributes to the literature on crisis management by examining the effects of product development, market development, and diversification strategies on firm performance in the crisis environment characterized by shrinking demand and increasing turbulence. Unlike most existing studies, the current study goes beyond testing the overall effect of BMA on firm financial performance in times of crises and uncovers customer retention and acquisition mechanisms that mediate this effect, thus reuniting strategic management and marketing areas.

ADAPTATION OF BUSINESS MODELS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES TO THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse the state of the agro-industrial complex and substantiate the directions for the adaptation of business models for the development of agrarian enterprises in Ukraine during the military challenges. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific works of leading scientists and businessmen-practitioners in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. In the research process, the following general scientific methods were used: comparison method – for the study of business models of the development of subjects of the agro-industrial complex; analysis and synthesis – to analyse the state of development of agro-industrial complex enterprises; abstract and logical method – for expressing one's own assumptions and formulating conclusions, graphic method – for visual illustration of the dynamics of the development, losses and damages of the agricultural sector. Findings. It was concluded that the formation of an adaptive business model should take into account both the internal and external factors of the functioning of an agricultural enterprise in conditions of Russia's military aggression in Ukraine. The indicators of the development of the field of crop production, as one of the structural factors in the country's economy, as well as direct losses and indirect losses in crop production and livestock production caused by the war, were analysed. It was found that a feature of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is the presence of a significant share of agricultural holdings and farms and personal farms in it. It was emphasized on the fact that the war had caused additional negative aspects of the functioning of the agroholding model of the Ukrainian agricultural industry, in particular, the breakdown of logistics chains, environmental disasters at the livestock complexes of agroholdings, the blocking of sales markets showed the low adaptability and inability of such enterprises to respond in time to the challenges of wartime. Originality. The features of business models adaptation for the development of agrarian enterprises, taking into account both direct and indirect losses due to Russian aggression, have gained further development. The comparison of the modern models of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine made it possible to identify the disadvantages of the agricultural holding model and to propose the directions for state support for the development of the farming business model in conditions of modern challenges. Practical value. The results of the study can be used for the analysis and adaptation of business models of agricultural enterprises in the war and post-war period. Key words: agro-industrial complex, plant breeding, livestock breeding, business model, adaptation, farms, agricultural holdings.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ КАК ФАКТОР КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ СФЕРЫ ГОСТИНИЧНЫХ УСЛУГ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ РИСКОВ

This article is devoted to the study of the organizational and economic mechanism as a factor in the competitiveness of enterprises in the hotel services sector in the context of geopolitical risks. The author explores the impact of geopolitical risks on the business environment and consumer behavior in the hotel services sector. The article examines key aspects of the organizational and economic mechanism, including financial planning, operations management, marketing strategies and human resources management. The authors emphasize the importance of enterprises adapting to change and the ability to effectively manage risks in conditions of geopolitical instability. It also highlights advanced innovations that can be applied in the organizational and economic mechanism to increase competitiveness. The article provides examples of cutting-edge innovations such as digital technologies, automation, artificial intelligence and the Internet of things. Target. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the organizational and economic mechanism as a factor that contributes to increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the field of hotel services in the context of geopolitical risks. The article is aimed at identifying the relationship between organizational and economic processes and the success of enterprises in an unstable geopolitical situation. Through an exploration of organizational economics and cutting-edge innovation, the article encourages businesses to consciously apply risk management strategies, diversify markets and segments, and adopt new technologies and innovations to streamline operations and improve customer service. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of flexibility, adaptability and continuous development in the face of changing geopolitical risks. Tasks. Analysis of the impact of geopolitical risks on hotel industry enterprises; study of key aspects of the organizational and economic mechanism; identifying effective management methods and strategies that will allow hotel industry enterprises to achieve competitiveness in the face of geopolitical risks; research of new technologies and innovations that can be applied in the organizational and economic mechanism of hotel industry enterprises. Methodology. Complex analysis, methods of synthesis, induction, deduction, and expert research using information and communication technologies were used as methodological tools. Results. As a result of the study, recommendations and strategies were developed for hotel enterprises. These recommendations include diversifying markets and segments, developing flexible and adaptive business models, embracing cutting-edge innovation, strengthening risk management and developing human resources. Conclusions. The study confirms that geopolitical risks have a significant impact on the hotel industry. The organizational and economic mechanism plays an important role in ensuring competitiveness in such conditions. Innovation, agility, risk management, human capital development and strategic planning are key to the success of businesses in overcoming geopolitical challenges and achieving sustainable development.

On the issue of influence factors in the oilfield services business

Relevance. In today`s highly turbulent business environment, economic development of the oilfield services industry is under the influence of many multidirectional factors, most of which simultaneously affect the progress of the Russian oil and gas industry. Accordingly, there is a need for continuous monitoring and analysis of events in order to identify such factors in a timely manner and correctly account for their impact on the production activities of companies that make up the oilfield services companies. The purpose of this research is to solve the problem of identifying, scientific analysis and objective assessment of the influence of external and internal environmental factors on the formation and functional of the adaptive business model of the oilfield services company, including the development of a long-term development strategy on a basis of alternative scenario taking account the industry features of the oilfield service and the development of a science and practical methodological approach to building a system of accounting for industry factors to neutralize possible negative situations in the future. Results. A system of factors influencing the formation and development of a business model of an oilfield services company, classified by the scale of influence, quantitative assessment of the duration and effectiveness of influence, as well as divided into groups of external and internal factors, has been developed. General and specific, measurable and non-measurable, objective and subjective, constant and variable factors are highlighted. To asses and rank the factors influencing the formation and development of the business model of an oilfield services company, a comprehensive calculation of the influence indicator is proposed, taking into account the above parameters and the degree of certainty or uncertainty of their influence on the basis of a 3-point evaluation scale according to the selected criteria. The results of the approbation of the proposed approach to the assessment of factors in the context of 3 main segments of the oilfield services business are represented: well drilling, current and major repairs, geophysical exploration. Conclusion. The key internal factors determine the structure the oilfield services market, the terms of payment for service contracts, digitalization and the technologies used, the state of the production infrastructure, personnel quality and occupational safety. The most significant external factors are the state of the global energy market, structure and trends of the world economy, social aspects, foreign policy situation, the state as a participant of the market. It is confirmed that when forming promising development strategies of the oilfield services company, analysis, assessment and correct accounting of external and specific internal factors of influence for forecasting possible risks of production activities can minimize or completely avoid negative consequences in the event of adverse situations.

Business model adaptation for realized international scaling of born-digitals

This study examines the process and mechanisms of realized international scaling of born-digital firms through the business model lens. In an explorative multiple-case study of Finnish firms in cultural industries, it finds that born-digital firms adapt their business models through an iterative process to achieve practically scaled operations. The research unpacks the mechanisms guiding the process of business model adaptation and highlights the role of dynamic capabilities in their employment. The findings extend existing theorizing on scaling by offering a conceptualization of realized international digital scaling and the role of the business model in its implementation.

DMT-CE (Digital Media Training-Capability Enhancement) Culinary Business Sector Sop Asep Amih Sukabumi to Improve Online-Based Adaptive Marketing Capabilities

The purpose of implementing this community service is to provide digital media training to increase the adaptability of online-based marketing by using social media applications and marketplaces that are still organic, adequate digital literacy, courage and ability for business actors to carry out digital transformation are prerequisites. important to support this goal. The implementation of the training is carried out through several stages. Through the PKM activities that have been carried out, positive information and feedback is obtained that DMT-CE is considered to be able to provide useful output that is able to motivate and encourage PKM partners, namely the Soup culinary business Mr. Asep Amih Sukabumi to be able to improve online-based adaptive marketing capabilities through the use of social media applications and marketplaces in the post-Covid-19 digital era. WhatsApp, Facebook marketplace, and IG for business are the digital platforms that are most consistently used in current digital marketing practices as a form of adoption and practice of transforming innovative and adaptive business models and processes within the digital ecosystem to rise and rise. classy, ​​has better competitiveness, and can maintain its existence by increasing profitable sales on an ongoing basis.

Human resource development AS a contributor to industry 4.0 implementation IN Albania

AbstractThe increasing popularity of Industry 4.0 and the premises to apply it in different industries are obvious in the Albanian business environment. The role of new technologies, which stay at the center of this paradigm, is unseparated from the whole management systems in the framework of companies and value chains. Introducing new technologies should be supported by new or adapted business models, organizational systems, and human resources capable to manage them. Preparing the present and future human resources to execute their roles in compliance with the requirements of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies is a challenge for all actors involved. It requires recognition, acceptance, and development of the relationship between technology advancement and management. Our paper deals with human resource development and management in the context of Industry 4.0 introduction and implementation in the Albanian economy. It intends to highlight the role of education and management in preparing the workforce, the companies, and other stakeholders to understand and commit to new technological development, which brings manifold benefits to the country. The method used for the above analysis is a combination of a desk study and an empirical survey. The data analysis enables to point out the key factors influencing human resources development in Albanian companies. Their discussion can modestly bring some theoretical and practical implications regarding the human resources that will implement I4.0 enabling technologies in the country.

Sustainable Marketing Orientation in the Clothing Industry: Slow or Fast Fashion?

Following the principles of sustainable marketing, any organization should meet the needs of its current consumers without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their own needs. This concern is valid not only for the environment but also the sustainability’s economic and social dimensions. The clothing industry is adapting business models to meet environmental awareness and demand for sustainable clothing. This study aims to understand how the clothing business and consumer behavior are changing in consideration of sustainability. Specifically, it addresses how fashion consumers consider sustainability when selecting and purchasing clothing, contrasting slow and fast fashion approaches. Firstly, an exploratory quantitative study based on an online survey about slow fashion purchase intention was performed with a sample of 864 Portuguese residents. Analyses of descriptive statistics (means, frequencies, and Cronbach’s alpha) and inferential statistics (chi-square, t-test, and ANOVA) were used. Then, a single-case study of a well-known Portuguese fashion brand concerning its strategy towards sustainability was carried out. The study concludes that there are positive associations between the consumer consideration for sustainability and slow-fashion clothing and the consumer perceived value, purchase intention, willingness to pay a price premium, and recommend slow-fashion products.

THE IMPACT OF PROTECTIVE CAPACITY IN IMPLEMENTING DRUM-BUFFER-ROPE METHODOLOGY IN MAKE-TO-ORDER ENVIRONMENTS: AN ASSESSMENT BY SIMULATION

This study uses simulation to analyse the impact of protective capacity in the implementation of the step 3 of the theory of constraints (TOC) methodology in make-to-order (MTO) environments. The results suggest that at different levels of variability, different levels of protective capacity are needed to keep a system stable and meet the bottleneck (BN) schedule. The higher the variability is, the higher the level of protection needed. The definition of the level of protective capacity required is a strategic decision for the organisation, as it must be emphasised that with high levels of variability in a system, the protective capacity must be very high, which contradicts the efficient use of resources. However, for managers to know and control how much protection is needed without needing additional capacity, it is advisable to monitor the use of protective capacity. This concept of protection monitoring and control is relatively new in the TOC–drum-buffer-rope (TOC-DBR) methodology, but it is applied in the demand-driven adaptive business model, and therefore, should be integrated into the TOC-DBR methodology.

Autonomous vehicle solutions and their digital servitization business models

Digitalization and automation play essential roles in how companies create value for their customers in emerging industries, including autonomous vehicle solutions (AVSs) and automated driving. In this study, we explore digital servitization business models in the context of AVS ecosystems. We utilize publicly available company data to discuss cases that illustrate the emerging business models of AVSs in the business-to-business (B2B) context. We contribute to research on autonomous solutions by identifying four types of AVSs: (i) advanced-data-assisted solutions, (ii) semiautonomous platooning solutions, (iii) autonomous demarcated solutions, and (iv) autonomous swarmed solutions. We advance digital servitization and business model research by revealing business models associated with those AVSs, namely: (i) safety as a service, (ii) efficiency as a service, (iii) capacity as a service, and (iv) flexibility as a service. By combining these three fields of research, we enrich the digital servitization research and address the current gap in research on autonomous solutions by focusing on business models. Our analysis enables the development of novel conceptual tools for autonomous solutions and servitization driven by digitalization. Moreover, we suggest the concept of business model fluidity to explain rapid and autonomous business model changes and adaptation to different use contexts and customer contexts.

Theory and practice of implementation of strategies of digital transformation of financial and credit organizations into technological companies

Adaptation of business models of financial and credit organization into technological companies is one of the modern development trends of the financial sector. Digital transformation of financial and credit organizations into technological companies is aimed at establishing partnership within service ecosystems and provide the customers with scalable solutions. Foreign and Russian experience shows that ecosystem approach (network form of business model organization) contributes to overcoming the crisis. The ultimate goal of the financial organization is still to be customer-oriented and at the same time remain mobile, inclusive and agile company based on reliable data and open to new opportunities. However, without a strategy aimed at the long-term sustainable success, finding and occupying a new niche in the market space, in most cases application of new technology only leads to a temporary victory. The author of the article justifies the advantages of strategies of digital transformation of the leading technological companies with a banking license. On the basis of the V. Kvint’s theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing the author analyses the implemented elements of digital transformation strategy of technological companies and identifies their common development patterns.

On the relationship between digitalization and the national smart economy model to achieve strategies of innovative progress

Modern economic processes are influenced by the digitalization and globalization of production processes. The consequence of this has been the emergence of the concept of a smart economy, which is actively implemented in the advanced countries of the world. The article aims to analyze the relationship between digitalization and the national model of a smart economy to achieve the strategies of the innovation process. The main methods of research were general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and special methods of economic knowledge (forecasting, methods of analytical work organization, collection of materials, and their processing). The results define the prospects for the development of a smart economy (primarily, the Internet of Things), determine the level of digitalization of the economy of individual countries of Central and Eastern Europe, attempt to form a model of development and interaction of digitalization and smart economy. A special role in today's production processes is played by the Internet of Things (IIoT), the use of which may have powerful prospects for global GDP. At the same time, the countries of the Eastern European region are experiencing difficulties on this path, as there is a lack of specialists at the appropriate level, and the educational facilities are not able to cover this deficit. It is indicated that further digitalization of the economy will have an impact on the growth of export orientation and competitiveness of the economies of the region (based on the example of Bulgaria). An important element of this process is to encourage enterprises to modernize their production base, adapting business models to modern digital transformations. In conclusion, it is concluded that the Central-Eastern European region lacks investments in the smart economy, which can be remedied by deepening the implementation of national and regional strategies and the cooperation of the authorities, businesses, and academia.

Resilience and business model adaptation in turbulent times: experiences of Russophone migrant entrepreneurs in Germany during Covid-pandemic

ABSTRACT Migrants starting up businesses face different challenges than local companies, this difference can represent multifaceted features during turbulent times. Migrant entrepreneurs with diaspora resources can adapt their business models with special cultural and linguistic value creation elements that target markets both physically and online using digital means. Migrant resilience has been ignored in the business model-related literature. This multiple case study contributes to that. It examines ways five Russophone migrant entrepreneurs adapt their business models and employ available cultural and linguistic features, and other business and digital solutions by doing so using a business model canvas. The cases indicate that migrant life transformations combined with international experience may foster their entrepreneurial resilience and help them to adapt to the value creation elements. Shared language is one strategic value component. The study shows that migrant entrepreneurs discover and address both domestic and international opportunities and have aspirations beyond simple survival or necessity.

The study of analysis on dynamic capability of specialty barista in Taiwan - Examples of the winners of World Coffee Champion (WCE)

<p>Coffee is popular in Taiwan, and opening a café is one of the top choices for those who wish to start a new business. The high attrition rate reported in the 2020 White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Taiwan hints the intense challenges that privately owned cafés must overcome to stay in business. This study administered a semi-structured in-depth interview on winners of the World Coffee Champions (of the World Coffee Events) and performed narrative research to explore the difficulties these baristas have experienced in a highly unstable, dynamic environment and the trajectory and path. The results indicated that these individuals all exhibited exceptional and dynamic perception and opportunity-seizing abilities relative to procedures, business positioning, and paths. Their adaptive business models have enabled them to successfully start their business, reach greater heights in entrepreneurship and in cultural value, thus turning them into leaders in the industry. The dynamic capabilities development of these entrepreneurs can be divided into three stages: three dimensions, three advanced procedures, and three spirits. With this, the study drew the following conclusion: by constantly striking a balance between individuality and market value, the champion baristas allow the two to achieve greatest synergy. A dynamic capability matrix was developed, dividing entrepreneurs into four levels: worker, artisan, expert, and master. This study provides prospective coffee entrepreneurs, and those who have started their business, a chance to examine their capabilities and position from the shoulder of giants.</p> <p> </p>

First Ideas Matter: A Selection Loop Process for Business Model Adaptation

Experimentation plays a vital role in firms’ activities and strategies. Yet, we still have a scant understanding of the processes underpinning experimentation for business modelling in startups. Through a qualitative longitudinal case, we investigate how a startup reshapes its value proposition and engages with external market stakeholders – in this case end customers – when their heterogeneity could not be catered by the first business model designed by the entrepreneur. We look at cases where a business model, originally envisioned with a single value proposition, needs to cater different groups of customers (i.e., product users, buyers, and beneficiaries) with diverse expectations in terms of value and engagement. Our study identifies a ‘selection loop’ process formed of three different experimentation phases – environment-based stress, cognitive-driven adaptation, and stakeholder-led evolution. This process contributes to better understand how managerial cognition drives business model design and experimentation towards a “fit” between the entrepreneur’s cognitive model and the stakeholders in the external environment. We also advance the cognitive perspective on business models as we take a cognitive lens to explore experimentation as a process to identify and adapt a business model to emerging evidence about a startup’s customers.

The Creation Of Ecosystems as a Mean for Business Model Adaptation

The business model concept and the concept of coopetition have been the focus of substantial attention for the past twenty years. However, current research is still short on explaining how both concepts relate to each other. This paper provides a first integration of the two concepts by trying to operationalize the process of business model adaptation in the context of coopetitive settings involving small and young firms. The paper uncovers four roles played by FinTech startups in the ecosystem created by the incumbent bank: the role of a supplier, client, complementor, and coopetitor. In the case of Fintech startups positioned as suppliers, clients and complementors we show an impact on the two dimensions of value creation and value captures. With respect to FinTech companiespositioned as coopetitors, early findings show the impact of such settings on the value delivery dimension.

Scaling inclusive business impacts at the Base of the Pyramid: A framework inspired by business model ecosystems research

Scaling the social impact of inclusive business models that provide solutions to basic needs of Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) communities through firm-centric approaches has proven challenging. Researchers have proposed that scaling strategies at the BoP should go beyond firm-centric approaches by inclusive businesses and involve coordinated synergistic action of their entire ecosystem to overcome systemic challenges and create value for all ecosystem actors. However, current research on this topic remains abstract and difficult to implement. This paper presents an empirically validated scaling framework designed to overcome this weakness and documents its design process. The framework takes account of the fact that inclusive businesses must work out scaling strategies together with key ecosystem actors, and that implementing a scaling strategy will almost always require mutual adaptation of business models. The framework design process entailed an extensive literature review and practitioner interviews as a first step, followed by testing, evaluation and iterative improvement through a series of validation workshops with actors of four inclusive business initiatives in Africa and Asia. The results indicate that the framework helps workshop participants to expand their mental frame, encouraging them to adopt a broader ecosystems perspective on scaling. This leads to identification and exploration of valuable business model adaptations for scaling that can be achieved through collaboration and assessment of the practical feasibility of different scaling strategies.