Legal Business Research Articles

Empowerment of MSMES in Increasing Competitiveness Based on Legality of Halal Businesses and Products

Business Licensing is the legality given to Business Actors to start and run their businesses and activities. having NIB speeds up the processing of other licenses because NIB is the initial requirement for obtaining various other documents, one of which is obtaining a halal certificate. Halal certificate is legal certainty of the halalness of a product. Halal products are products that have been declared halal in accordance with Islamic law. The purpose of this study was to determine the Empowerment of MSMES in Increasing Competitiveness Based on Business Legality and Halal Products. The results of this study indicate that the increase in small and medium enterprises cannot be separated from the role of the government in providing training and knowledge to improve the quality of products of business actors, one of which is in obtaining business licenses and halal product certificates. By having business legality and halal certificates business actors have a comparative advantage so that they are able to compete in the global market.

Optimizing MSME Financial Management through Simple Financial Statement Training

This community service program aims to improve the understanding and skills of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the preparation of simple financial statements and the preparation of Business Identification Numbers (NIB). Angkringan Pak Owie was chosen as a partner because he faced obstacles in financial management and business legality. The methods used include direct training and mentoring regarding systematic financial recording and steps to make NIB through the Online Single Submission (OSS) platform. Through this activity, partners are able to prepare simple financial statements independently and understand the NIB registration process. The results of this program show that Angkringan Pak Owie has succeeded in registering NIB, so that it has business legality that makes it easier to access capital and opportunities to participate in government programs.

A methodology to map chains of general practices in the Netherlands

Abstract Background Commercial entities are increasingly interested in acquiring Dutch general practices (GPs). They see profitable opportunities in upscaling by forming chains. Chain organizations integrate business processes of GPs within one organizational unit. The governance structure of these chains can be complex, leading to opacity and difficulties to see conflicts of interest and market power. To investigate how this development may have an impact on quality and accessibility of care, it is first needed to establish the ways in which these chains are formed. By mapping the chain structure in a data-driven way, impact monitoring becomes possible. For the Netherlands we investigated how chain structures of GPs can be empirically identified. Methods Background data of approximately 4,800 Dutch GPs from the Nivel Healthcare Professional Registries was linked with data from the Chamber of Commerce’s Trade Register. This enabled the determination of the legal form, business location, ownership, and director identification for all GPs. By this data-driven manner, the variation in organizational structures of all Dutch GPs was mapped and analyzed. Results Four different chain variants of Dutch GP chains were identified based on three types of relations between the chain organization and their GPs: ownership, location and the composition of the board of directors. Based on ownership, two ‘top-down’ chain variants were identified. Two ‘bottom-up’ chain variants were found based on location and board composition: (1) a chain organization acquires a seat on the board of the GP, and (2) the GP and the chain organization share the same business address. Combining these variants provides a new typology of GP chains in the Netherlands. Conclusions Our methodology enables to empirically map chain formation in primary care. By developing a new typology in a systematic way, a foundation is created to monitor organizational developments and their impact on quality and accessibility of care. Key messages • A typology of Dutch GP chains was developed based on three relations: the ownership, composition of the board and the establishment location of the chain organization and its practices. • Our methodology was put into practice to map different chain structures of GPs in the Netherlands, but it is not limited to primary care and can also be applied in other sectors and countries.

Pelatihan Pengajuan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) Secara Online pada Forum UMKM Rawa Panjang, Kecamatan Bojonggede, Kabupaten Bogor

This community service activity (PKM) was carried out with partners, namely the Rawa Panjang UMKM Forum. The problem faced by the Rawa Panjang Village UMKM Forum is the lack of understanding and knowledge of the importance of business legality. Out of the 400 members, only around 40% have business legality. While the remaining 60% do not have business legality. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and expertise of partners in promoting NIB online on the official OSS (Online Single Submission) website. The implementation of PKM activities consists of three stages, namely the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The recapitulation analysis shows that the material presented is in accordance with the needs of the partners. In addition, it shows that this training also has an impact on increasing the knowledge and expertise of members of the Rawa Panjang UMKM Forum

MSME Assistance Through Business Legality and Branding to Strengthen Penatarsewu Village's Local Economy

MSMEs are an important part of the Indonesian economy. In Penatarsewu Village, MSMEs excel with products such as smoked fish and herbal medicine. However, many MSMEs do not yet understand the importance of business legality, such as NIB and Halal Certificates, so that their access to a wider market is hampered. In response to this, the KKN-T Team 24 of the Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo provided assistance to MSMEs. They helped business actors understand the importance of legality, branding, and provided socialization. As a result, several MSMEs succeeded in obtaining NIB, assisting in registering Halal Certificates, and updating branding such as logos and packaging. In addition, they also created social media accounts and websites as a means of promotion. With this support, MSMEs are expected to grow more rapidly and support the village economy.

O estabelecimento comercial, enquanto objecto de negócios jurídicos, em Angola

This research studies the commercial establishment in Angola, as a unitary object of legal business, that is, leasing and transfer and its respective legal framework in Angolan law. The scope of which is to characterize the commercial establishment in a common sense, identify the legal transactions inherent to it and determine its legal regime in Angola, considering that its legal nature is a vexing question in domestic and international legal doctrine. In accordance with the proposed theme, the issues raised and the recommended objectives, this research is methodologically bibliographical, documentary and survey-based. Commercial establishments in Angola are subject to leasing and transfer, whose legal framework is still outdated, limited and ineffective given the current legal, economic, business and social context of the country and the world. Hence the reason for the existence of some dubious and controversial legal-doctrinal issues and, consequently, some legal-contractual problems, in cases of leasing and transfer of commercial establishments in Angola. For example, issues and problems relating to the transmission of credits and, above all, debts resulting from the commercial activity of an entrepreneur or business company through a commercial establishment that has already been leased or transferred. Therefore, this research proposes some essential theoretical-practical guidelines for a better approach and regulation of leasing and transfer in Angola. Therefore, there is a need to update or reform the legal framework on this matter in Angola to solve the problematic of this research.

Sosialisasi Serta Pendampingan dalam Pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha ( NIB OSS-RBA) Kepada Pelaku UMKM di Desa Seberang Sanglar

In the era of free markets, Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) must fulfill specific conditions in order to compete. In order to help business actors—particularly craftspeople and MSME actors—better expand their enterprises, community service activities are necessary because many of them still lack business legitimacy. The purpose of this activity is to introduce the company Identification Number (NIB), which may be obtained online, and to raise awareness of the need of maintaining company licenses. The Indonesian government wants to make business actor registration easier by using the Online Single Submission (OSS) to submit NIBs. The provision of business legality theory and practice is part of this support. The purpose of this study is to arm business actors with information and expertise about creating NIB so they may grow their enterprises. The findings demonstrated that the community's comprehension of creating NIB, which each and every business actor must own, had improved. Because the NIB has granted legal status to the firm, it has made doing business simpler. MSME participants in Seberang Sanglar Village also benefit from protection from the government, easy access to financing, government empowerment, and support for their business growth.

Towards an Inclusive Village: Literacy and Education for People with Disabilities Through the Development of Grape Planting Techniques (Vitis Vinifera L) Taman Ayu Village

People with disabilities are identical to people who are disabled, weak, stupid and backward. People with disabilities are no longer seen as problematic people, by providing equal access and being inclusive for everyone in their society (168 169). Equal roles for people with disabilities are an important issue for the government. Recognition of equal rights for groups with disabilities, both in terms of education, employment opportunities and others. Community service activities carried out by Herdiana, et al. in Taman Ayu village, in 2023 became the main basis for empowering people with disabilities and knowledge for people with disabilities, especially in the equality garden by involving groups with disabilities. Taman Ayu Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) in the "Equality Garden" group consisting of 15 people consisting of people with hearing and speech impairments which was carried out in June-December 2024 with the community service implementation team being a collaboration of 3 fields of science, namely agribusiness, accounting and agroecotechnology and involving 3 students from different study programs (fields of science). The purpose of this activity is to provide literacy and education about grape cultivation techniques, improve grape cultivation technique skills, financial management in business through ongoing training and mentoring. The forms of activities include literacy counseling and education for people with disabilities in grape cultivation techniques (Vitis Vinifera L), business management training and financial recording management, mentoring and coaching in marketing using digital marketing (marketplace: Facebook, Shopie, Tokopedia) and mentoring in submitting business legality. The hope of this activity is that groups with disabilities have skills in the field of grape cultivation, skills in management and financial recording of businesses so that from this activity a new business can be formed so that the goal of this activity is the independence of the disabled group's business. Collaboration between the service team (academics) and the village in the form of ongoing mentoring and coaching will be carried out until they have an independent business

The Impact of Financial Literacy on Investment Decisions: The Moderating Role of Financial Technology

This study investigates the impact of financial literacy on investment decisions and explores the moderating role of financial technology (Fintech). Conducted among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bali Province, Indonesia, the research seeks to understand how financial literacy influences investment choices and how Fintech enhances this relationship. A quantitative approach was used, involving the distribution of questionnaires to 100 SME owners who received business legality through decentralization funds. The data, collected via primary sources and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) 4.0, included measures of financial literacy, investment decisions, and Fintech usage. The findings reveal that higher financial literacy positively impacts investment decisions, with SMEs demonstrating better investment management and decision-making capabilities. Additionally, Fintech was found to strengthen this relationship by providing real-time data and advanced analytical tools that enhance investment decisions for those with strong financial literacy. However, the benefits of Fintech were more significant for individuals with higher financial knowledge, indicating that technology alone cannot replace the need for financial education. This study underscores the importance of integrating financial literacy with technological tools to improve investment outcomes and suggests that future research should explore diverse geographic contexts and longitudinal studies to better understand the evolving dynamics between financial literacy, Fintech, and investment decisions

Strategi Pengembangan UMKM Kuliner dengan Peran NIB dan Sertifikasi Halal dalam Memperluas Pasar di Desa Sraten

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sraten Village are not yet aware of the importance of business legality due to a lack of knowledge about business permits that are useful for expanding the market for MSMEs in Sraten Village. This activity aims to raise awareness among MSME actors in Sraten Village about the importance of business legality, such as the Business Identification Number (NIB) and halal certification, in order to expand the market and enhance competitiveness. Based on observations, it was found that many MSME actors in the village still do not understand the importance of business legality. To address this issue, socialization and assistance were provided in the registration of NIB using the OSS system. As a result, 28 business actors in the culinary field successfully registered and obtained their NIB. Additionally, halal certification was introduced to enhance consumer trust and expand access to the global halal market. Through this education, MSME actors are expected to better understand and utilize business legality for the development of their businesses. This activity concluded with a seminar featuring speakers to deepen the understanding of business actors regarding legality and halal certification.

Pendampingan Legalitas Usaha NIB (Nomor Izin Berusaha) dan Sertifikat Halal Bagi Pelaku UMKM di Kelurahan Gentong

This article discusses the importance of business legality, especially in obtaining Business Identification Numbers (NIB) and Halal Certificates for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Gentong Village, Pasuruan. Gentong District has many MSMEs that play an important role in the local economy, but face challenges in understanding and managing business legality, which results in limited access to wider markets. This article highlights the mentoring program carried out using the Service Learning method, which involves direct interaction between academics, students and MSME actors. This program aims to increase the understanding and skills of MSME players in managing NIB and Halal Certificates, as well as overcoming bureaucratic obstacles which often become obstacles in managing business legality. Through this approach, MSME players are expected to be able to increase the competitiveness and sustainability of their businesses. This article also examines relevant theories, such as Legitimacy Theory, Social Capital Theory, and Market Access Theory, which support the importance of business legality in building reputation, expanding markets, and reducing legal risks. The results of this mentoring program show that with adequate business legality, MSMEs in Gentong Village are able to expand business networks, increase credibility, and access larger market opportunities, both at the local and international levels. Thus, business legality is not only an administrative fulfillment, but also an important business strategy for the growth and sustainability of MSME businesses amidst increasingly tight market competition.

The Impact of Regional Economic Integration on International Commercial Law: The Cases of the EU and ASEAN

This paper explores the profound impact of regional economic integration on international commercial law by analyzing the cases of the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The study first outlines the theoretical foundations and main types of regional economic integration. It then delves into the high degree of legal unification in the EU and the flexible legal coordination in ASEAN. By comparing their legal systems, corporate law, contract law, and dispute resolution mechanisms, the paper reveals how the EU plays a leading role in international commercial law through its strict legal framework, while ASEAN achieves regional cooperation through non-binding consensus mechanisms. The research finds that regional economic integration not only enhances legal standards and innovation in international commercial law but also significantly impacts the legal compliance and business operations of multinational enterprises. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen regional legal cooperation and further harmonize international commercial law, and it suggests future research directions, including the impact of other regional economic integration organizations and deeper studies into specific legal fields.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengembangan Usaha Mikro di Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya (Studi pada pelaku usaha mikro yang bergerak pada bidang kuliner)

The ability of micro-business actors to develop their business has not been maximized due to limited knowledge and abilities so that the role of the government is needed to help develop micro-businesses. The research objective is to find out community empowerment through micro business development. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The targets in this study are micro-business actors engaged in the culinary field. The results showed that community empowerment through micro business development in Tawang District was carried out through the 5P stages, first, enabling starts with building the mindset of micro business actors about the potential that can be developed. Second, strengthening knowledge and skills is done by increasing training that is able to develop the potential of micro business actors including production technique training, processed food training, bakery training, and digital marketing training. Third, protection, namely by assisting the business legality process and halal certification of micro-business actors with easy requirements. Fourth, support, government support for micro business actors includes training support and capital assistance. Fifth, maintenance, routine training activities are carried out at least once a month, and monitoring and evaluation of the program to follow up on the shortcomings of these activities so that they can be improved. Community empowerment activities through micro business development have a significant impact on the increased income of micro business actors and increase the creativity of business actors in innovating products.

Consumer data protection laws and their impact on business models in the tech industry

This study investigates the impact of consumer data protection laws on the business models of technology companies through a mixed methods research (MMR) approach. In an era where data privacy concerns are paramount and regulatory landscapes are rapidly evolving, understanding how businesses adapt their models for compliance while fostering innovation is crucial. This paper offers a detailed examination of the legislative requirements imposed by prominent global data protection laws, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), as well as frameworks from Asia and Africa, such as Singapore's Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) and South Africa's Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA). This inclusive perspective enhances our understanding of how technology businesses strategically adapt across various regulatory environments and explores the operational, financial, and strategic impacts of these laws on tech companies. Utilizing a dual-phase mixed methods research (MMR) design, the study initially analyzes quantitative data from surveys conducted with a wide range of technology firms, assessing the direct effects of data protection legislation on business operations and financial performance. This is complemented by qualitative insights drawn from in-depth interviews with business leaders and legal experts, shedding light on the strategic adaptations, challenges, and opportunities these laws present. The findings reveal a multifaceted impact, highlighting not only the compliance challenges but also the strategic opportunities for innovation and competitive differentiation that data protection laws offer. Integrated analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data provides a nuanced understanding of how tech companies navigate the complex interplay between legal compliance and business model innovation. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical evidence and practical insights into the adaptation processes of tech companies in response to consumer data protection laws. It also provides valuable recommendations for both policymakers and business leaders, aiming to foster an environment where legal compliance coexists with technological innovation and business growth.

Optimization of the business management in the MSMEs of pothil in Mertoyudan, Regency Magelang

Gedongan Lor Village has significant potential for the development of pothil snack SMEs. However, most SMEs still face challenges in packaging, labeling, and business management. This activity aimed to provide understanding of labeling, packaging, simple bookkeeping, and NIB issuance. The objectives were achieved through socialization and training. The results showed that pothil snack SMEs were able to create new labels, conduct marketable packaging, and maintain simple bookkeeping. Additionally, all members of the pothil SME association have obtained a Business Identification Number (NIB) as a business legality.

Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM melalui Analisis SWOT dan NIB

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are critical as the backbone of local economies and a source of innovation in this rapidly evolving economic world. MSMEs have great potential but often face problems such as lack of capital, limited market access, and lack of knowledge of business strategies. This activity report discusses the mentoring efforts made to support MSMEs, specifically "Brewman Coffee", in analysing their business SWOT and helping them to create a Business Identification Number (NIB) to support business legality and growth. The goal of this activity is that MSMEs can prepare themselves to face market challenges and better utilise existing opportunities through this mentoring. The methods used were observation, interviews, training and mentoring, and monitoring and evaluation. The activity results show that partners understand the business strategy to be carried out and can make NIB independently. The next activity is expected that partners can continue to manage legality so that they can compete globally.

Pendampingan Aspek Legalitas Usaha dan Pemasaran Menuju UMKM Naik Kelas Pada Kecamatan Genteng Surabaya

This article will describe the Assistance with Business Legality and Marketing Aspects towards Upgrading MSMEs in Genteng District, Surabaya. The aim of this mentoring activity is to help and facilitate MSMEs, especially aspects of business legality and product marketing. The method used is participatory and descriptive with literature study. The results of this mentoring activity show the importance of the mentor's role in facilitating MSME actors in aspects of business legality and product marketing.

PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DIGITAL UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN UMKM DAN MAHASISWA DI KOTA BENGKULU

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has transformed the global business landscape with digital technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and big data, presenting challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurs, especially Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and students in Bengkulu City. This community service program aimed to address the digitalization knowledge and skills gap among these groups by enhancing their understanding of digital entrepreneurship, developing practical digital marketing skills, and supporting MSMEs' digital transformation. The training covered six main topics: understanding entrepreneurship, contemporary entrepreneurial challenges, digital technology adoption, basics of digital media (email and Google Business), basics of digital media (social media), and introduction to Online Single Submission (OSS) for business legality. Evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge and skills in digital marketing, social media management, and technology adoption, with most participants reporting substantial benefits and improved readiness to start and manage their businesses digitally. The program not only provided immediate benefits to the participants but also contributed to MSME development in Bengkulu City by offering a training model adaptable for future initiatives, aiming to enhance MSMEs' digital capacity and prepare students for entrepreneurial ventures.

Pelatihan dan Pendampingan untuk Meningkatkan Potensi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Mengenah (UMKM) di Kelurahan Sawitan

Sawitan Village is an area that is included in the industrial village category because the majority of its residents work as business managers. Situated in an area that passes through the Borobudur tourism route, Sawitan Village has a strategic location and encourages its residents to work as business people. Based on data collection, there are 113 MSMEs in Sawitan Village with the majority of business types being the culinary sector, reaching 48%. Other types of businesses include non-food production, grocery stores, fashion, livestock, agribusiness and services. The large number of MSMEs can be a regional potential in improving the level of community welfare. However, there are still many MSME players who do not understand the aspects that can support their business. This is evidenced by the low level of understanding of digitalization, namely 48%, completeness of business legality only reaching 5%, and understanding of financial literacy only reaching 18%. The aim of community service carried out by the Alma Ata University KKN-T team is to increase the understanding and motivation of MSME actors in developing MSME potential through the digitalization of MSMEs, complete business legality, and good financial management. The method used in implementing this activity is the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The results of community service show that the enthusiasm of MSME players has increased by 75% to implement digital marketing and complete business licensing.

Analysis of the Influence of Business Legality, Halal Labeling and Promotion on MSME Products in Kwala Serapuh Langkat Village

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the local economy, including Kwala Serapuh Village in Langkat. Business legality, halal labeling, and promotion are key factors that can affect the success of MSME products. However, there have not been many studies that have examined the influence of this combination of factors on MSME products in Kwala Serapuh Village. This study aims to analyze the influence of business legality, halal labeling, and promotion on MSME products in Kwala Serapuh Village, Langkat. The sample in this study was 85 respondents. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that partially Business Legality (X1) has a significant positive effect on the variable of MSME Products (Y). Halal labeling (X2) has a significant positive effect on the variable of MSME Products (Y). Promotion (X3) had no positive effect and was not significantly significant to the variable of MSME Products (Y). Simultaneously, Business Legality (X1), Halal Labeling (X2) and Promotion (X3) have a significant positive effect on the MSME Product variable (Y) in MSME actors in Kwala Serapuh Village, Lalat Regency.