Ukrainian Business Research Articles

ГРАНТИ ПРОЕКТУ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТЕХНІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ «НАЙКРАЩІ ДОСТУПНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕТОДИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ»

The article analyzes the grant opportunities of the international technical assistance project "Best Available Techniques and Management Practices for Ukraine" implemented by the Society for International Cooperation (GIZ) on behalf of the German government. It is demonstrated that the project is aimed at business companies in Ukraine that seek to eco-modernize their production facilities. The study analyzes the main objectives and priorities of the Project and its grant program, in particular; identifies the peculiarities of participation of Ukrainian enterprises in the competitive selection of the Program for grant funding; on this basis, recommendations for applicant organizations for obtaining grants for eco-modernization projects have been developed. The study notes that the grant instruments of the international technical assistance project "Best Available Techniques and Management Practices for Ukraine" are aimed at encouraging Ukrainian businesses to eco-modernize even before the full launch of the reform to minimize and control the negative impact of industrial pollution on the environment in Ukraine. It is demonstrated that Ukrainian enterprises that plan to implement from scratch or complete an eco-modernization project can apply for grant funding of up to EUR 1 million. The peculiarity of this financing instrument has been established, namely: projects should combine grants with loans in the amount of 20% to 80%. It is summarized that if Ukrainian organizations can effectively use these grant and loan funds, their projects will contribute to environmental protection and pollution reduction, increase production efficiency and profitability, and increase the competitiveness of enterprises in the Ukrainian and European markets. The successful implementation of the grant program will also play an important role in highlighting the readiness of Ukrainian businesses to attract investment financing for modernization, even in the context of the military conflict, which will signal to international donors and financial organizations the potential and ability of Ukrainian enterprises to receive financial support.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

The article is devoted to definition of features of development of innovative activity of structures of Ukrainian business in conditions of uncertainty and working out of ways of acceleration of innovative development. Relevance of the conducted research stems from the increasing role of innovation in the recovery of the economy which is located in conditions of instability and unpredictability. The purpose of the article is to develop ways of innovative development of business structures operating in conditions of uncertainty in Ukraine. In order to achieve the mentioned purpose in the course of the research the concept of "innovations", factors which promote or hinder their implementation, and peculiarities of innovative development of business structures in Ukraine in modern conditions were determined. Based on the results of the analysis of innovation activities of business structures in Ukraine identified problems that hinder development, and developed ways to solve them. In the course of the study general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, analogy and deduction. The article for the first time shows practical solutions to problems that slow down the development of business structures that use innovative technologies. Based on a review of the scientific literature, it is found that innovation is a qualitative change that allows businesses to strengthen their position in a competitive market. In a rapidly changing market, domestic business structures should pay considerable attention to innovation development in order to maintain and strengthen their position. In order to activate innovation in an uncertain environment, a number of challenges need to be addressed, including a shortage of available funding, a shortage of qualified personnel, outdated facilities of enterprises and government laboratories that could conduct experimental research on demand, and inefficient government support. To this end, it is proposed to establish new and develop existing technology parks and free economic zones to attract investment in modernising production, and to change the policy of setting the wage fund for domestic specialists. On the part of the state, it is advisable to build modern laboratories for experimental research commissioned by business, to create legal conditions for the development and implementation of innovations. Practical value of the research consists in possibility to use the received results by business structures of Ukraine and the state bodies in the course of creation of the policy of innovative development.

РОЗВИТОК БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ В УКРАЇНІ

The existence of a problem of conducting business by domestic enterprises due to russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and their reluctance to carry out effective management in the first days of the war is defined in the article. The amount of material damage caused to the national economy, consumer inflation, the level of decline of the national economy, the devaluation of the national currency, which led to the increase in the cost of goods, works and services, are indicated. Characteristic features of the crisis of the enterprise during the war are singled out. Such negative factors of influence on business development as an increase in the level of risk, the complexity of strategic planning and decision-making, the loss of labor force, a decrease in demand, restrictions on access to markets, and an increase in the cost of raw materials, energy, and labor are described. The complexity of the economic situation of agricultural, energy, metallurgical and logistics enterprises, caused by the territorial location and other features characteristic of each type of business, is proved. Despite the complexity of the existing conditions, the development of Ukrainian business, the creation of jobs, the support of the state economy, and the provision of financial assistance to the military were noted. The areas of state support for business are summarized, in particular, new legislative acts and programs for business adaptation to modern realities are indicated, changes in labor and tax legislation regarding the simplification of certain aspects of business activity are described. The government programs and business support initiatives created with the help of the Diya service are characterized, in particular those that help to find employment for a person internally displaced as a result of hostilities during the martial law in Ukraine and to receive compensation from the state for this, to submit an application for receiving free assistance in relocating one’s business to safe regions of the state or participating in a grant competition “is a job” to create, develop or restore one’s own business, or those that contain the necessary information for choosing a financing program, for Ukrainian exporters, and also help businesses communicate effectively with the state, to develop business development strategy and tactics. The main recommendations for overcoming the crisis and business management by applying the anti-crisis management mechanism have been developed. The importance of further legislative changes regarding conducting business with the aim of stabilizing and developing the economy of Ukraine was noted.

Стратегії релокації українських high-tech підприємств під час війни

The full-scale war gave impetus to significant migration trends that caused dramatic changes in Ukraine’s economy. Such trends have spread not only to people from the temporarily occupied territories, territories where active hostilities are taking place and there is a threat of shelling, but also intensified the relocation of various enterprises. There was a need to quickly move the assets of enterprises, employees and their families. The nature of such relocation and approaches to its implementation were different, supported by the authorities of Ukraine and other host countries, and depended mainly on the financial capacity of entrepreneurs, readiness to change location and a set of subjective factors, including the type of economic activity. Thus, the article is devoted to the study of the processes of relocation of Ukrainian high-tech companies, most of which are traditionally concentrated in the IT sector. The aim of the article is to study the strategies of relocation of Ukrainian high-tech enterprises during the wartime, to determine the factors influencing the adoption and implementation of decisions on relocation in critical conditions and conditions of uncertainty. The positive trends in the development of the domestic IT sphere before the full-scale invasion are analyzed, including entering the international arena as an outsourcer for Western countries. New challenges, and therefore new opportunities for the development of technologies and the high-tech industry caused by the war, are considered. The concept of relocation, its types and levels are identified. The main difficulties and efficiency of relocation of IT firms are defined, which depend on taking into account localization, the amount of costs, involvement of personnel, customers and partners, time and effort for a relocation, as well as on the reputation of firms and opportunities for their development. Each relocation is a unique economic and social phenomenon, and the impact on an IT firm may vary depending on the specific circumstances. It is quite important to plan and coordinate relocation processes to maximize benefits and reduce possible negative consequences. There is a difference in planning, coordinating, and financing the relocation process between large and small IT companies. The factors influencing the decision-making on relocation are classified. The development and implementation of relocation strategies took various forms. IT companies have demonstrated high adaptability and independence of action in the face of uncertainty and threats. The article conducts a SWOT analysis of Ukrainian high-tech enterprises, proposes typical scenarios for the development of events during relocation in the conditions of wartime in the form of a matrix of strategies. The relocation of Ukrainian IT companies took place on a significant scale, in some cases these processes began to be planned and even implemented even before the full-scale invasion for security reasons. The regional model of relocation was marked by the presence of powerful regional IT ecosystems, a focus on previous business contacts and family ties, relocation mainly to large cities, and the activities of organizations to support Ukrainian businesses during relocation within the borders of Ukraine and abroad.

FORMATION OF AN ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), or business social responsibility, is the enterprise's commitment to responsible practices regarding its products and services, employees, consumers, and partners. The social stance of a company, which emphasizes harmonious coexistence and dialogue with society to address pressing social issues, has only fully developed in the last few decades. Social responsibility should be a discretionary requirement for modern businesses. Unfortunately, in the domestic business environment, CSR does not yet hold a prominent place. This is characterized by a high level of shadow operations. However, in recent years, certain evolutionary processes have been observed in the Ukrainian business environment, which are associated with the general approaches to implementing CSR. CSR has become more systematic. The implementation of CSR can enhance profitability, improve a company's image, reduce costs, and boost employee morale. The promotion of CSR can be facilitated by the use of new technologies, the creation of new types of products, and innovative activities. Consequently, a company’s profits are generated through cost reduction, the formation of new markets for goods or services. This is the path chosen by developed companies, resulting in a higher level of CSR. However, this approach is quite risky for Ukrainian enterprises and requires long-term financial investments. A set of specific CSR principles can be proposed, the implementation of which should align with a system of general principles: transparency, systematicity, relevance, and partnership. A company has the right to call itself socially responsible when it operates according to these principles.

FORMATION OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE STATE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM

The economic security of small and medium-sized enterprises is an important component of the economic security of the state and reflects the causal relationship between the military and economic potential and national security and economic power of the country. The goal of the article is to identify the problems in forming the economic security of small and medium-sized businesses within the framework of the country's economic security. It aims to develop guidelines for overcoming the complex socio-economic situation, shaping the economic security of Ukraine, and promoting the interests of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Ukraine needs a well-thought-out policy to ensure the security of economic activity both at the state level and at the level of small and medium-sized businesses. The number of small businesses in Ukraine has been steadily declining over 2015-2022, which is a dangerous trend. At the same time, this situation did not affect sales volumes, as the growth rate of sales by small and medium-sized enterprises in 2022 continues to grow. This is due to the following factors: increased domestic demand for goods and services produced by SMEs, financial support, tax breaks in 2022, and other measures, a decrease in the share of large industry, and an increase in the share of small and medium-sized businesses. The problems of forming the economic security of the state and the economic security of small and medium-sized businesses have been identified. Guidelines for overcoming the difficult socio-economic situation and shaping the economic security of Ukraine and small and medium-sized enterprises have been developed. In order to protect the economic interests of the state, a certain set of measures and mechanisms for representatives of small and medium-sized enterprises is needed, especially in the case of developing solutions. To strengthen economic security, it is necessary to apply a strategy of adaptation to constantly emerging threats, which is largely complicated by the lack of a comprehensive policy in this area and the weakness of public administration. The main priority of the authorities in ensuring the economic security of the state and small and medium-sized enterprises in the future should be to reform the system of state regulation of socio-economic processes, to create an effective environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine.

Моделювання інноваційних програм розвитку комунікативної компетентности публічних службовців

The study highlights the issue of the development of the communicative competence of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and assistants, officials of local self-government, and local council deputies.
 The study focuses on the dynamics of advanced training programs offered for the continuous personal and professional development of persons authorized to perform the functions of the state and local self-government in the professional training system, the priority directions (topics) of which are: ways to improve the mastery level of the Ukrainian business language, communication and interaction, strategic communications, etc. The analysis is carried out on the case study materials of the Volyn Regional Center for Professional Development (formerly the Volyn Regional Center for Retraining and Professional Development of employees of state and local self-government bodies, state enterprises, institutions, and organizations). The author has considerable experience in cooperation with the Center from 2008 to 2023, in particular in the field of development and implementation of general and special short-term advanced professional training programs. Emphasis is laid on the need for more active implementation of distance learning technologies in the organization of the educational process, which is not limited to telecommunication. The study elucidates the specifics and content dominants of training programs for professional development in the context of the main aspects of language and communication activities of public servants at the beginning of the 21st century: work with documents (in particular, in the electronic document management system), the ability to conduct interpersonal and social dialogue (especially with the use of media), taking into account the principles of barrier-free communication, and the ability to speak in public.
 The study findings made it possible to design innovative programs/projects for the development of the communicative competence of public servants, which were developed following the principle of the practical orientation of training, taking into account military-political, social, and economic factors, as well as the individual needs of training participants (according to questionnaires), in particular, in conditions of martial law and post-war period.

The State Support of Grant Activities in Ukraine

The notion “grant project” is elaborated on, with investigating the types of state support to grant activities in Ukraine. It is argued that the number of grant programs in Ukraine has been constantly increasing. This type of targeted financing can be received as part of national initiatives and from private companies or international organizations.
 It is substantiated that the importance of grants in the war and postwar time will be rising, which is quite logical given the increasing scopes and complexity of problems in economic and social sphere. Grants offer a good way of facing these problems: the competitive approach allows for selecting the best, the most promising and productive entrepreneurs capable to achieve the goals in an efficient manner. The number of potential donors and funds allocated for them continue growing. It should be noted that grants are a conventional and widespread practice of funding in EU. It means that businesses have to carefully consider this potential channel of funding. 
 The following programs for support of Ukrainian business were implemented in IV quarter 2023: micro-grants for creating one’s own business; grants to operate a processing factory; funds to operate a greenhouse facility; grants for a startup; grants for veterans and their family members. The peculiarity of each of the above programs are analyzed. 
 The program eRobota (eWork) launched 1 July, 2022 and aimed at stimulation of entrepreneurial activities and job creation proved to be a most ambitious one: its total funding in 2023 amounted to 1,800,000,000 UAH.
 The principal requirements to grant recipients are highlighted: absence of business activities on the temporarily occupied territories and in the Russian Federation, not being a sanctioned entity, absence of bankruptcy procedures and debts to the state. The overwhelming majority of recipients got micro-grants that were invested in acquisitions of equipment required for business operation. The most demanded sectors where grant recipients operate are wholesale and retail trade, repair of automobile vehicles, temporary accommodation and meals, manufacturing industry, medical and social aid.

INTERCONNECTION OF DIVERSIFICATION AND VALUE BASED MANAGEMENT IN SMALL WHOLESALE BUSINESS

In the paper, we found out types of diversification suitable for small wholesale business in Ukraine in wartime. The most suitable types of diversification are: service, product, financial and geographic diversification. Also, horizontal, vertical, conglomerate and concentric types of diversification can be applied, taking into account their benefits and potential pitfalls defined in this paper.We also considered diversification as a value-creating strategy, outlined its main benefits and pitfalls. It offers several benefits, such as risk reduction by spreading investments across industries, thus reducing dependence on one market. It allows for synergies in related diversification through shared resources and expertise, enhancing efficiency and profitability. Additionally, diversification enables portfolio optimization, balancing performance across various sectors. However, it entails challenges like integration difficulties, potential overextension, and the risk of not realizing expected synergies. Effective diversification requires a clear strategic rationale, meticulous execution, and continuous monitoring, with willingness to divest from underperforming areas to sustain value creation.We suggested using Value Chain Analysis for choosing the most effective strategy of diversification for small wholesale business and developed Value Chain of a Small Wholesale Business (particularly, with heating equipment wholesale as a main type of activity).By understanding how each activity affects customer value, businesses can tailor their strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. This might involve improving product quality, customer service, or any other activity directly impacting the customer experience.Value Chain Analysis is a strategic lens through which a business can view its activities and make informed decisions about where to focus its resources to maximize value creation.The next step of choosing the most effective value-creating strategy is building a Value Drivers Tree for each strategy considered and choosing the one creating the highest value of business.

THE ROLE OF GLOBALISATION IN THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES

The article analyses the characteristics, criteria and various factors influencing the impact of globalisation on economic development and business activity in contemporary Ukraine. At present, society is facing new goals, tasks and requirements, which are largely determined by scientific and technological progress, implementation of innovative technologies and the need for a certain degree of flexibility, resilience and adaptation to dynamic changes in the economic sector. At this stage, financial stability and prosperity are among the most important values in the modern world, and this is driving the interest in studying the peculiarities of innovative economic development. At the same time, globalisation issues remain understudied and require an analysis of specific "parallels" between past and present outcomes. This analysis helps to identify the "gaps" and "risk zones" within the global market, which is crucial for all countries participating in these market relations. The subject of the study is globalisation as a driving force for the development of enterprises in Ukraine. An assessment of the dynamics of the crisis' impact on Ukrainian business, based on a survey conducted by EKONOMICHNA PRAVDA in 2020-2023, leads to the following conclusions: approximately 25% of the establishments that existed and successfully operated in Ukraine before 2020 have closed; the quarterly drop in revenue in the most successful restaurants is approximately 30-35%; staff loss or shortage is about 48%; and approximately 80% of establishments are experiencing logistical problems (Business and the Crisis in Ukraine). The purpose of the research is to assess the current state of development of enterprises in Ukraine and to study potential opportunities for optimising their activities in view of globalisation. Methodology. Definition of conceptual apparatus, analysis, synthesis and synthesis of information on the relevant issue. Conclusion. The destructive and destabilising processes that pose challenges to the development of Ukrainian businesses are characterised by a high degree of risk and uncertainty in the context of Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. The following components must be taken into account: political factors: an unfavourable situation caused by military aggression, the need for additional alerts in case of emergencies and to ensure the safety of customers; additional expenses: generators, security systems and video surveillance; economic factors: rising prices of domestic goods and products; the need to create a new service concept that stands out from the competition.

EVOLUTION AND INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Rapidly changing conditions of business functioning, caused by global changes in geopolitics, economy, acceleration of the pace of development of digital technologies, require greater adaptability, flexibility and speed of response from the organization's management. In this connection, the concept of management 4.0 is formed and developed, which combines advanced strategies, innovative approaches and the use of modern information and communication technologies. The research is aimed at revealing the essence of this concept in the form of an analysis of the evolution of management systems and modern challenges, as well as at the development of effective strategies and tools for successful modern management, which ensures the competitiveness and stability of the enterprise on the market. In the course of the study, types of organization management were identified, including scientific, administrative, strategic, innovative management, and quality management. The article substantiates the need for improving approaches to administration in the organization, introducing innovations and advanced digital technologies into the enterprise's activities. The concept was formed and the key components of management 4.0 were determined, taking into account the modern realities and needs of Ukrainian business. Challenges faced by domestic companies are highlighted; strategies, approaches and practical recommendations for overcoming them are presented. It is proven that the application of the process approach in management contributes to the realization of internal reserves of growth and development of the enterprise, simplification of the organizational structure of subordination. And if earlier its implementation was associated with radical changes in the company, now evolutionary methods of its implementation are being actively developed. The process approach to management is aimed at reducing the company's costs, which has a positive effect on the company's profit, and therefore on financial opportunities for the implementation of innovative projects.

MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF A STAKEHOLDER-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES: THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS

The article presents the theoretical, methodological and applied principles of developing a management strategy focused on the interests of stakeholders for enterprises in the tourism industry. In addition, the paper highlights the unique features of the tourism business in Ukraine in wartime. The main purpose of this study is to lay down the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for the formation of a stakeholder-oriented management strategy for tourism industry entities. To examine these issues, a number of methodological approaches were used, including a systematic approach, methods of comparative and logical analysis, as well as theoretical models of management of organisational structures and social systems. This research identifies strategic guidelines for the restoration and development of tourism in the post-war period, and explores the challenges faced by tourism firms during the conflict.

Управлінські стратегії розвитку бізнесу в умовах цифрової трансформації

Digital transformation, based on the latest technologies, is a strategic course for enterprises aimed at optimizing, expanding their customer base, and opening new sources of profit. The article examines cloud computing, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and data analytics as critical aspects of digital transformation, focusing on their impact on business. A study of the existing opportunities for attracting digital technologies to the agribusiness sector was carried out, with an understanding of the need to use the latter not only in the management sphere but also in the production sphere, based on the specifics of the industry. The article presents the results of the digital activity of individual companies that use digital technologies to increase efficiency and productivity. It is determined that examples of task automation, the use of GPS navigation systems for tractors, and field monitoring via unmanned aerial vehicles are just a few illustrative examples of digital transformation. Artificial intelligence is being used to analyze crop data, improve understanding of operations, and identify opportunities for improvement. Practical examples include introducing precision farming systems, which help increase productivity and resource efficiency. Logistics and warehouse management systems help optimize machinery use and inventory management. Digital transformation in agribusiness not only increases the competitiveness of enterprises but also provides new opportunities for operating on digital platforms. The article explores the importance of researching digital opportunities in the manufacturing sector to support the digitalization of agribusiness and increase its competitiveness. The article emphasizes the importance of digital transformation in the manufacturing sector, which can determine the success of the Ukrainian business industry in the context of rapid digital development. Keywords: digital transformation, digital adaptation, digital technologies, strategic management, data analytics, innovation, competitive development.

INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN UKRAINE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

The topic of integration processes in Ukraine and their impact on the development of international business is important and relevant in the context of the country's economic development. Ukraine's integration with global economic structures, such as the European Union and other regional blocs, opens up new opportunities for international business and has a significant impact on the development of the country's economy. The accession of Ukraine to the European Union and the signing of regional agreements contribute to the increase of trade relations and cooperation with other countries. This stimulates the growth of exports and the attraction of foreign investments, as well as promotes the transfer of best practices and technologies. International companies have the opportunity to expand their activities in the Ukrainian market and use its potential. However, integration also presents Ukrainian companies with challenges related to competition in the foreign market and the need to improve production processes and product quality. For the successful development of international business, it is important to attract foreign partners, introduce innovative technologies, improve the qualifications of employees and develop efficient logistics. Therefore, integration processes in Ukraine have a significant impact on the development of international business, create new opportunities for enterprises, and contribute to the attraction of foreign investments and the transfer of best practices. However, successful management of these processes requires effective strategies, adaptation to international standards and constant improvement of the competitiveness of Ukrainian business. The article examines integration processes in Ukraine and determines their impact on the development of international business; the challenges and opportunities of integration processes for the development of international business in Ukraine are considered.

Problems of financing small businesses in Ukraine

Introduction. The development of small entrepreneurship is a very important factor for the entire economy of the country, therefore the state plays an important role in stimulating its development. State support for small businesses involves the provision of various subsidies, loans, the creation of national funds, the provision of tax discounts and benefits, the use of foreign aid, and support for the development of the insurance market. In the conditions of the financial and economic crisis, and later in the conditions of the war in Ukraine, the business environment significantly deteriorated, and the development of small businesses slowed down. The purpose of the paper is to study the problems of financing small business entities in Ukraine and develop separate recommendations for their solution. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the role and peculiarities of functioning of small business in Ukraine were analyzed. The share of small business entities among active business entities in Ukraine in the period 2017-2021 was determined. It has been studied that the main number of small business entities in types of economic activity is occupied by wholesale and retail trade. A comparative analysis of indicators of small business development was carried out, namely a parallel between the number of small enterprises and FOP per 10,000 population. The dynamics of the indicators of the liability structure of small business entities in the period 2017-2021 were analyzed, with the help of which the relative indicators of the financial stability of small businesses were calculated. Conclusion. As a conclusion, the criteria that suspend the development of small business in modern conditions are determined.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE: CURRENT CHALLENGES

In recent years, Ukrainian businesses have faced many crises, including the coronavirus pandemic and the full-scale russian aggression, which have taught entrepreneurs to be flexible. Nonetheless, each new challenge requires a new approach to decision-making and the use of crisis management techniques, which is an effective tool for solving complex and non-standard situations.

Reasons for the criminalization of the gambling business in Ukraine

The criminalization of the gambling business in Ukraine is a complex process that is influenced by several factors. With the development of socio-economic and politico-legal relations, their number is increasing, which makes it necessary to update the mechanisms for limiting activities related to gambling. The purpose of the study was to identify the reasons and factors that led to the need to establish a legal ban on the implementation of the gambling business in Ukraine. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, deduction, abstraction, formal and legal. The specifics of social relations that existed in Ukraine at the time of the introduction of the ban on the gambling business were studied. The features of the social and political situation under which the criminalization of activities related to gambling was carried out were determined. The political tasks that the legislator set before himself in the process of imposing a ban on the gambling business were revealed. It was established that socio-economic and socio-psychological foundations were laid as the basis of this process. The impact of the tragedy that occurred in one of the gambling establishments in Dnipro on the views of political figures and state bodies regarding the gambling business, in general, has been revealed. The specifics of gamblers, their attitude to this type of activity and changes in moral values were studied. The influence of the gambling business on various spheres of the future development of the state, namely economic, political, and social, is considered. The results obtained in the study should be used in the process of developing new regulatory and legal acts, as well as for updating the mechanisms for combating the illegal gambling business in Ukraine

МІЖНАРОДНІ СТРАТЕГІЧНІ АЛЬЯНСИ ЯК ФАКТОР РОЗВИТКУ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ ІТ-ГАЛУЗІ

The article analyzes the economic consequences of the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian IT companies and highlights the key patterns of their development. It is shown that the national IT sector is becoming an increasingly global business, which is important for studying the benefits of doing IT business in Ukraine and regulating institutional aspects in this area. A significant positive impact of the increase in the volume of services provided by the Ukrainian IT sector, such as software development, data processing, and database management, on the volume of services exports and the overall trade balance of services in Ukraine was identified. This is due to the export orientation of the development of the IT sector in Ukraine, the use of certain business models in this area, as well as the peculiarities of foreign economic activity of such enterprises. The analysis reveals the features and advantages of doing IT business in Ukraine, which determine its international competitiveness. The article also considers a strategic alliance as an effective form of association of companies that best meets the criteria of the strategic goals of the industry development. The study identifies the main types, types and motives for creating strategic alliances, and describes their advantages and disadvantages. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems of participation of Ukrainian companies in international strategic alliances at the present stage, and the author also provides directions for resolving these issues in order to ensure the competitiveness of the industry

Циркулярна економіка: особливості та перспективи впровадження в Україні в умовах війни

The circular economy is a prerequisite for the new industrial revolution, because it contributes to achieving maximum economic efficiency in industry and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Its implementation involves a set of measures aimed at the sustainable development of enterprises, the country and society. Introducing the concept of circular economy is an important and necessary step for the development of our country, its integration into the European Union and post-war recovery. The purpose of the study is to identify problems on the path of reorientation of Ukrainian enterprises to the principles of circularity and sustainable development and to develop methods for their rapid adaptation, in particular, taking into account the consequences of European integration and full-scale war. The goals of the research: analysis of the current state of waste management in Ukraine, clarification of the essence and key principles of circularity and sustainable development, identification of the main strategies for the implementation of the circular economy, analysis of the peculiarities of the implementation of circular business models in Ukraine, taking into account the experience of the EU, development of recommendations for rapid adaptation circular business models in conditions of war. The peculiarities of waste management in Ukraine, in particular in the conditions of war, the readiness of companies and resource provision for the introduction of new circular business models are analyzed. The advantages and weaknesses of the implementation of circular principles, the opportunities that open up to enterprises, the positive impact on the economic, social, technological spheres, etc. are characterized. Before the full-scale invasion into Ukraine, most of the factors of the external environment were generally favorable for the implementation of circular economy business models by Ukrainian enterprises: accelerated accession to the EU, commitment to Ukrainian business in the world market, attraction of foreign investments, development of innovative technologies in Ukraine, gradual change in the culture of consumption , increasing consumer trust in "green" brands, increasing the level of social responsibility of enterprises. The amount of waste in Ukraine as a result of military operations as of June 2023 was 12 million tons (excluding temporarily occupied territories): destruction of administrative buildings, private houses, agricultural lands, etc. At the same time, it was stated that the pre-war methods of waste management, which were already ineffective, cannot be used in principle today. Therefore, now more than ever, it is important to promptly and effectively eliminate its consequences, which, on the other hand, is also a potential for the development of the circular economy and the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА РЕЗИЛЬЄНТНІСТЬ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УМОВАХ НЕГАТИВНИХ ЕКСТЕРНАЛІЙ

The article identifies the key determinants that determine the socio-economic resilience of economic entities in Ukraine during the war and will determine it in the period of post-war recovery, which will allow forming criteria for its further assessment. Since the beginning of the fullscale war, Ukrainian business entities have generally demonstrated a high level of absorption and adaptive capacity in wartime. In the future, in the context of the 3-D Resilience Concept, it is important that they also have the ability to ensure transformational capacity to ensure resilience. The external determinants include various areas of support for Ukraine: military, economic, sanctions, humanitarian, diplomatic, logistical, informational, psychological, educational and cultural. The internal determinants include: the effectiveness of the internal economic policy of the State, the effectiveness of support from local governments, the commitment of the local population in the areas of active hostilities, the geographical location of economic entities, the industry affiliation of economic entities and the sensitivity of a particular industry to the development of the military economy and ensuring military resistance, the availability of labour, the availability of own working capital and minimal external borrowing, the availability of effective demand. It is proposed to develop methodological approaches, criteria and a system of indicators for assessing the level of resilience of economic entities in the face of negative externalities on the basis of the identified determinants.