Financial Business Research Articles

From the Berlin Wall to the Great Wall: Payment Transactions and Financing of Business between West Germany and Communist China, 1949 to 1972

Abstract Over two decades from 1949 until the resumption of the diplomatic relations between these two countries in 1972, West German companies never gave up on the Chinese market despite substantial difficulties caused by Cold War frictions. This paper exams the payment transactions and terms of credits for financing industrial projects between the PRC and West German companies.

Key Factors for University Business Incubator Implementation (UBI): Literature Review

Business and entrepreneurship are risky activities, especially for new business people. One of the ideal business incubators is the one created by the campus, which is referred to as the University Business Incubator (UBI). However, it is not easy to ensure that UBI successfully carries out its vision and mission, for that it is necessary to study the Key Success Factors (KPIs) of UBI's success. From the criteria set, 15 articles become the unit of analysis of this literature review research. The results of the review found 7 conclusions. First, there are 3 aspects in making UBI, namely organization, service, and measuring the success of UBI and tenants. Second, important organizational aspects are UBI management, capital support, technology, facilities, ideas, networks, strategies, as well as communication or promotion. Third, the aspect of services to be provided depends on the location of the country and the business character of the tenant. Fourth, the recommended physical services are office space and production space. Non-physical services recommended are training/ consulting/ assistance, capital support, technology, facilities and ideas, networks, strategies, and communication or promotion of tenant products. Fifth, the recommended training areas are business technical, marketing, finance and banking, export-import, law, human resources and product development. Sixth, the role of the academic community can be as experts, sources of business networks, and other support personnel. Seventh, UBI success measurement can be done using financial performance and can be combined with operational performance.

Analysis of MSME Capital Using Sharia Fintech Peer to Peer Lending

As one of the pillars of the economy in Indonesia, it is proven that MSMEs are able to survive the Covid-19 pandemic with various innovations they have implemented, but there are still several obstacles in the development of MSMEs themselves. MSMEs, especially for the micro business scale in Indonesia, are still classified into segments that have limited access to formal financial institutions (unbankable population). The results of the PWC survey in 2019 The biggest problem of MSMEs is the problem of capital, and in an effort to obtain additional capital, around 74% of the micro segment cannot access financing from the formal financial sector. Increasing access to finance itself is one of the strategies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on previous research, Islamic fintech has a role in driving SDGs targets, especially the targets to (1) eradicate poverty and (2) hunger, and (3) reduce inequality in wealth distribution. In this study we conducted indepth interviews with several MSME players and Islamic fintech companies. The lack of literacy related to fintech with the sharia peer to peer lending scheme makes MSMEs afraid to do business financing with this scheme, even though this scheme is very suitable for the unbankable population because the financing requirements are easy and fast in the disbursement process.

ANALISIS PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI BMT NUANSA UMAT JATIM PAMEKASAN

The Islamic Economic System prohibits usury (riba) and the unfair accumulation of wealth by specific parties. In practical terms, there is a need for widespread dissemination regarding various products, services, the fundamental principles of the relationship between financial institutions and customers, and the permissible ways of conducting business in Islamic finance. Employee performance and productivity are crucial factors for the success of financial institutions. Proper and effective human resource management can enhance employee performance and enable the achievement of company goals. This research aims to determine the influence of the work environment and work motivation on employee performance at BMT NU Jatim in the Pamekasan Regency. The research methodology employs a quantitative approach with a population of 58 individuals, and a saturated sampling technique is used to select the sample. The primary data used in this study are collected through questionnaires. The data analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis results indicate that the work environment has a positive and significant impact on employee performance, as does work motivation.

Unlocking Local Prosperity: Empowering Communities through Small Business Financing

Unlocking Local Prosperity: Empowering Communities through Small Business Financing

Business Finance Catalysts: Promotion, Sales, and Financial Management Tactics that Improve Company Financial Performance

This study explores the relationship of promotion and sales strategies with firm financial performance in a comprehensive context. Quantitative methods were used to collect and analyze data from 120 companies in Indonesia. Using a purposive sampling technique, 420 respondents completed a questionnaire highlighting promotional strategy, sales, and financial performance. Variables such as promotional expenditure, creativity, and market responsiveness were measured through statistical analysis, including multiple regression. The findings show that factors such as promotion fund allocation, campaign innovation, product price management, distribution, and customer service play an important role in a company's financial success. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the importance of promotion and sales strategies in achieving optimal financial performance.

PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT PROGRAM RENEWAL MODEL TO INCREASE MUSTAHIQ EMPOWERMENT (CASE STUDY OF KOLAKA DISTRICT BAZNAS)

Productive zakat is a form of utilization of zakat. So, the distribution is productive, namely to add to or as business capital for mustahiq. That mustahiq must return business capital, that is in nature as a strategy to educate them to work hard so that their business is successful. The purpose of this study is to describe the productive zakat program renewal model implemented by BAZNAS Kab. Kolaka to increase the empowerment of mustahiq. We will explore how efforts are made in the productive zakat program, including business assistance, access to capital, and social network development. The research method used by researchers is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. that BAZNAS Kab. Kolaka could not renew the productive zakat program because the program could not be realized because it was constrained by insufficient income of zakat funds so that it could not realize the productive zakat program. However, BAZNAS Kab. Kolaka is working on a small scale by channeling business funds whose business is named (Zmart) which will become the forerunner of the productive zakat program. The implication of this research is that the authors expect participation and public awareness in order to realize this productive zakat program.

EXAMINING PESTEL ANALYSIS OF EVENT BUSINESSES IN MALAYSIA

This study aims to examine the impact of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (PESTEL) factors on event businesses in Malaysia. Using qualitative interpretive methods and data from in-depth interviews with 15 event managers, the study identified several external factors affecting event operations. The results show that political factors such as government policies, small business funding grants, and global trade agreements or restrictions can significantly impact event businesses. Economic factors such as exchange rates, labor costs, globalization, and economic growth or decline can also affect operations, while social factors such as consumer trends, tastes, buying habits, lifestyle factors, and population demographics can also play a role. Technological factors, including tools and technological advancements, incentives, and the widespread use of social media, are also identified as important. Moreover, environmental factors such as supply chain management, procurement, future pandemics, ethical sourcing, sustainable resources, weather and climate, risk assessment, multiracial sensitivity, and geographical location are found to impact event businesses as well. Finally, legal factors such as health and safety regulations, employment laws, common laws, and consumer protection laws can also affect event operations. Overall, this study highlights the importance of conducting PESTEL analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of external factors that can impact event businesses. By using this analysis, event managers can develop strategies to mitigate risks and adapt to the changing market conditions. The findings suggest that event managers must remain vigilant in monitoring and responding to political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors to ensure the success of their operations.

Investigate the Financial Instruments Trade on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

The IDX plays a significant role to encouraging capital development and provides opportunities for investors to diversify their holdings and create long-term value. This study intends to understand further about the Indonesia Stock Exchange, as well as to understand and investigate the financial instruments traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The methods used in this research are literature and internet studies. In order to gather data for this article, observations from data sources were used. From these observations, concepts were developed, and these concepts generated conclusions. The results and conclusions of this investigation show that the Indonesia Stock Exchange plays a significant role in the Indonesian economy. The Indonesia Stock Exchange provides a source of investment opportunities as well as funding for businesses and other organizations including the government. The number of participants and the volume of trading on the Indonesia Stock Exchange are both increasing. As a consequence, this will have a beneficial impact because Indonesian’s enthusiasm in investing has reportedly espanded over the past few years. In recent years, members of the stock exchange have been increasing.

MICRO WAQF BANK FOR EMPOWERMENT OF INDONESIAN WOMEN'S MICROECONOMIC AND EFFORTS MINIMIZING THE LOANSHER TRAP

Fulfilling household needs for a woman is required to be able to obtain and manage halal-sourced finances from a small and micro-entrepreneur. The trap of conventional and online loan sharks poses a significant risk to the borrower's assets due to the lack of business capital they have in the short term. Establishing a micro waqf bank initiated by the financial services authority in Indonesia aims to provide business financing, assistance and financing sourced from zakat, infaq, sadaqah and waqf relying on Islamic social microfinance institutions. This study aims to analyse micro waqf bank woman customers with small and micro-entrepreneurs to avoid entrapment by a loan shark. The study at the El-Manahij Micro Waqf Bank, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia, used qualitative descriptive types through data collection interviews with managers and the head in weekly halaqah. In contrast, data analysis used triangulation: data reduction, display, verification and conclusion. Research shows that most micro waqf bank customers are women with micro-scale enterprises to improve Islamic economy studies. Customers choose micro waqf banks to replace loan sharks providing their business capital and having regular activities in the form of weekly group meetings aimed at knowing business progress, religious studies and gradual loan repayments. Micro waqf bank managers receive pawned valuables with sharia contracts to increase business capital. The customers are responsible for repaying business loans in stages, running social gatherings for customers to obtain excess money and supervising fellow customers. The research implies that getting away from the snares of loan sharks can minimise the burden of living costs where they live. The significant role of micro waqf banks in providing Sharia pawn support is to increase business capital to limit dealing with loan sharks.

Pengaruh Tingkat Margin, Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Nasabah Memilih Pembiayaan Murabahah Usaha Mikro Sektor Dagang (Studi Kasus BPRS Pudurta Insani)

To find out whether margin level, service quality and promotion simultaneously influence customers' decisions on murabahah financing for micro businesses in the trading sector. The type of data used in quantitative data research is primary data sources obtained from questionnaires and interviews with the bank. The objects used in this research are murabahah financing customers of BPRS Puduarta Insani. The results of this research show that Margin Level has a significant effect on Customer Decisions. Based on the value of Tcount > Ttable or 2.988 > 1.66827 and the significant value of the Margin Level variable (X1) is 0.004 > 0.050, it can be concluded that the Margin Level partially has a significant positive effect on customer decisions. Based on the value of Tcount > Ttable or 2.516 > 1.66827 and the significant value of the service quality variable (X2) is 0.003 > 0.050, it can be concluded that service quality partially has a significant positive effect on customer decisions. And promotions have a significant influence on customer decisions. Based on the value of Tcount > Ttable or 2.321 > 1.66827 and the significant value of the Promotion variable is 0.003 > 0.050, it can be concluded that the Promotion Variable partially has a significant positive effect on customer decisions.

Financial Management: The Implementation in MSMEs

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have enormous potential to support the economy in Indonesia. However, the high potential of MSMEs has yet to be developed optimally. One of the problems experienced by MSMEs is financial management. This research aims to determine the implementation of MSME financial management in Malang City. This research is descriptive qualitative research. A descriptive approach was used in this research to provide an overview of the implementation of financial management in MSMEs in Malang City. A total of 50 MSME actors were interviewed and directly observed. Financial management is identified with four indicators: budget use, financial recording, financial reporting, and financial control. The research results show that the implementation of financial management still needs to improve. The majority of MSMEs do not use a budget and do not have long-term planning for their business. Financial recording indicators also show that most MSMEs do not separate business and personal finances and do not carry out accounting records. The majority of MSMEs also do not make financial reports and do not exercise good financial control.

Practical Experience and Enlightenment of Sustainable Financial Development in the European Union

Currently, developing green finance and serving a green economy has become a global consensus. The European Union's (EU) sustainable finance has an early origin, rich development experience, and a relatively complete framework system. The EU Action Plan: Financing Sustainable Development provides strong guidance to promote sustainable finance, and this initiative stimulates interbank market regulators to act quickly to achieve the goal of sustainable development. Additionally, Through the plan, European standards for green finance business have been unified, which has dramatically improved the efficiency of green finance in the interbank market and helped to facilitate effective convergence among financial institutions. The EU's sustainable financial system has an extremely excellent hierarchy, clear guidelines, a solid foundation, and profound influence, and it provides important guidance and reference for the development of green finance in China.

How to Strengthen the Financial Risk Management of Enterprises in the Era of Financial Technology

In recent years, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other emerging technologies have been gradually applied to traditional financial businesses, making the financial industry undergo great changes. However, there are two sides to everything. Although financial technology brings much convenience to people, it also generates some potential risks and hazards. This paper firstly analyzes the main financial risks faced by enterprises in the era of financial technology and their causes from a theoretical point of view; then finds that the financial risks faced by enterprises in China at present show a trend of diversification and complexity through empirical research, where the most prominent performance is the rise of credit default risk; finally puts forward the proposed measures to cope with these financial risks.

Міжнародний досвід регулювання стартапів

The international experience of regulating the development of startup entrepreneurship indicates that when creating effective models of interaction between state authorities (development of the legal framework, development programs, strategies), edu­cation (creation of an environment, for example, accelerators, incubators, development of a beta version based on higher education institutions, which promotes startups to enter the market) and business (funding of startups, involvement in corporations), the startup ecosystem has high indicators in world ratings. The purpose of the article is to highlight the components of the international experience of regulating the development of startups that are relevant to Ukraine. The methods applied are induc­tion, deduction, analysis, and systematization. Regu­lation of the development of startups at the mega level includes international clusters, international organizations, and developed countries of the world. It has been studied that the mega level includes three directions: legal, financial, and strategic. In the international environment, the "EU Startup Nations Standard" declarations signed in 2021 and laws on startups aimed at promoting the creation and deve­lopment of startups are of great importance. Interna­tional organizations influencing the development of startup entrepreneurship are divided by functional type and geographical scope of activity. The positive startup climate in the USA is formed through the following factors: Silicon Valley activity, flexible state regulation of this area, entrepreneurial culture, and way of thinking. Israelʼs experience reveals the need for financing research and development works. Germany and Austria have an efficiently built system of higher education. Among the directions for impro­ving the regulation of the development of startups in Ukraine, the following are highlighted: education – the creation of a center that will help startups to develop from the beginning of the emergence of an idea to the development of the first prototypes; security – financing of military and defense develop­ments, ecology – support for environmental startups that have the potential to expand globally, and the local ecosystem – state-region-city-community-startup.

Pengembangan UMKM Olahan Pangan di Provinsi Gorontalo Menggunakan Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik

Processed food SMEs in Gorontalo Province are one of the sectors contributing to regional economic development. The government implements policies and programs to develop competitive processed food SMEs. This study aims to analyze the formulation of policies for the development of processed food SMEs, with the hope of optimizing the production and added value of these SMEs through increasing production volume and market access. This study used a quantitative approach using primary data and secondary data in the form of time series. A dynamical system method with six scenarios is used and simulated until 2045. The results showed that the best scenario for achieving the research objectives was scenario six. Scenario six is carried out by simulating business capital assistance programs as well as increasing partnerships, business legality, and digitalization simultaneously. The production volume of processed food SMEs will reach 764,352 pcs in 2045, with a market access value of 41.67%. Policies need to focus on business financing and increasing the business capacity of processed food SMEs in Gorontalo province. The results of the policy simulation can be considered in realizing the achievement of accelerating the development of competitive SMEs, as stated in the Long-Term Development Plan of Gorontalo Province.
 
 Keywords: dynamic policy, Gorontalo Province, processed food, SMEs
 Processed food SMEs in Gorontalo Province are one of the sectors contributing to regional economic development. The government implements policies and programs to develop competitive processed food SMEs. This study aims to analyze the formulation of policies for the development of processed food SMEs, with the hope of optimizing the production and added value of these SMEs through increasing production volume and market access. This study used a quantitative approach using primary data and secondary data in the form of time series. A dynamical system method with six scenarios is used and simulated until 2045. The results showed that the best scenario for achieving the research objectives was scenario six. Scenario six is carried out by simulating business capital assistance programs as well as increasing partnerships, business legality, and digitalization simultaneously. The production volume of processed food SMEs will reach 764,352 pcs in 2045, with a market access value of 41.67%. Policies need to focus on business financing and increasing the business capacity of processed food SMEs in Gorontalo province. The results of the policy simulation can be considered in realizing the achievement of accelerating the development of competitive SMEs, as stated in the Long-Term Development Plan of Gorontalo Province.
 
 Keywords: dynamic policy, Gorontalo Province, processed food, SMEs

Business process model for “crowdfunding cash waqf model”

Purpose Cash waqf is a powerful financial instrument that deals with the issue of liquidity constraints in waqf institutions. While there are several models of cash waqf operating in different countries, there is increasing demand for innovative cash waqf models, especially within the financial technology context. This paper aims to propose a practical alternative model of funding for waqf institutions using the concepts of crowdfunding and cash waqf. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluated the literature relevant to cash waqf models that have been implemented in different countries and proposed a new viable alternative model. Findings Results offer an alternative financing model, named crowdfunding cash waqf model, for waqf institutions to overcome monetary constraints and enable development projects to be completed. Practical implications The current study has important implications for both officials and relevant stakeholders. It is sought to bring better consistency between cash waqf donors, solving the liquidity problem faced by waqf institutions, enhancing the transparency of waqf institutions and their use of waqf funds, wealth circulation and financing businesses without interest-based loans (riba). By incorporating a crowdfunding and investment mechanism in the model, this method of collecting funds will assist governments in reducing their expenditure on waqf institutions and other social development programmes. Originality/value The proposed model differs from current methods of generating cash waqf, including those are also internet-based. The proposed model is devised to help waqf institutions achieve financial sustainability by including an investment mechanism in the model to sustain the development of waqf projects.

Effect of IT Alignment on Employee Performance and the Operating Role of Operating Environment

The thesis was about the information technology alignment and employee performance in private service sector a case of Umeme Uganda limited. The study set out to: examine the IT Alignment practices in Umeme (U) Limited; to analyses the relationship between IT Alignment and employee performance; and to examine the moderating role of the operating environment on the relationship between IT Alignment and employee performance. The study was cross-sectional in nature, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires, and interviews with top management of Umeme limited central Uganda. Out of a population of 290, the study targeted a sample size of 165 respondents. The study applied Statistical Programmed for Social Scientists (SPSS) to test all four hypotheses. The results were presented as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics specifically correlation, regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis models. The study confirmed a positive significant predictor relationship between information technology alignment and employee performance in Umeme this was done by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).
 The moderating role of the operating environment on the relationship between IT Alignment and employee performance at Umeme (U) Limited Central Uganda using a hierarchical regression analysis where interaction term (ITA*OP) appeared a significant predictor of employee performance The study designed a model, the Information Technology Alignment Innovative Preference Model (ITAIP) to build capacities and conduct research activities that would result in long-term and sustainable improvements in employee performance in private service sector. The study concluded that since ITA influence employee performance, the management of Umeme in support of IT needs to build a dynamic ITAIP, that will enable them cope with continuous improvement for greater efficacy and increased productivity as protocols are more strictly followed when orienting new employees. The study suggests that in order to build and install new IT governance the firm needs a detailed knowledge of how to improve efficiency, Costs optimization, Collaboration, collective decision, commitment, time management, creativity and digital work to release new services to customers, Transformational of ITA and improve the overall quality of the IT services provided in UMEME limited Uganda.
 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to empirically establish the relationship between IT alignment practices and employee performance in the Private Service Sector particularly in Umeme Limited.
 Design/methodology/approach: The study took a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical design. Out of a sample size of 165 employees, a total of 165 usable questionnaires were identified implying a response rate of 100%. The paper applied Statistical Programme for Social Scientists (SPSS) to test four hypotheses. The results are presented in terms of correlation and simple regression analysis models.
 Findings: Results indicate that of the four hypotheses developed in literature review, three were positive and significant predictors of employee performance. IT governance, IT implementation and IT investment were found to be significant positive precursors of employee performance. The authors did not test the Integration of IT activities – employee performance association as Integration of IT activities was eliminated during Exploratory Factor Analysis.
 Practical implications: This study is relevant and useful to private service entities as it provides them with a blue print on how to implement IT alignment practices with the aim of improving employee performance. To policy makers at National level, the study outcomes will be helpful in collecting, analyzing, and disseminating economic data that will serve private decision makers at all levels, on fiscal and monetary policy, business finance and investment strategy, and personal household economic matters.
 Originality/value: This study demonstrates that the proper implementation of IT alignment practices leads to improvements in employee performance in terms of collaboration, collective decision making, commitment, time management, creativity and digital work within the workplace.

Tracy Mott’s understanding of Kalecki’s economics

Following his death in 1970, interest in Kalecki’s economics has come to be confined to Post-Keynesian circles and discussions of political economy. In general, these have provided partial accounts of Kalecki’s ideas, to supplement gaps in the theories of Keynes, Marx and their followers. Tracy Mott’s work departs from this by placing Kalecki’s economic theories around their foundation point in the financing of capitalist business. This provides a more systematic approach to Kalecki’s account of capitalism. It also points to a monetary interpretation of Kalecki’s Principle of Increasing Risk that was central to Mott’s understanding of Kalecki’s economics and an original interpretation of debt structures.

Overview of Logistics Finance Theories

Logistics finance is of great significance in helping companies bail out. Not only that, different models of logistics financial business types also have different impacts on business risks. This article starts from logistics finance, expounds its role and significance in the modern economic system, subdivides logistics financial business into three aspects: logistics settlement finance, logistics warehouse receipt finance and logistics credit finance, and analyzes their role in supply chain management and the key role in the financial field, and further in-depth research on the risks faced by the logistics financial field. It is hoped to provide in-depth insights to practitioners and decision-makers in the field of logistics finance and help them better understand and manage the risks associated with it to ensure the sustainable development and successful implementation of logistics finance business.