Business Functions Research Articles

Features of crisis management of business entities during martial law

Purpose. To characterize the features of crisis management of micro, small, medium and large enterprises during martial law. Methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis, observation, generalization, and comparative analysis were used to fulfill the tasks and achieve the goal of the research. The methods of absolute, relative values, correlation and regression analysis were used in the development of the logit-model for estimating the probability of bankruptcy. The research’s information base was backed by the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, statistical materials, and Internet sources. Findings. The economic consequences of the military invasion in Ukraine are indicated the main challenges of business operation in contemporary conditions are identified. The features of crisis management of micro, small, medium and large enterprises are determined and two types of it are proposed: urgent and traditional. The specifics of crisis diagnostics are considered, providing methodological recommendations for analyzing the performance of various business entities based on the scale of their activities. For micro and small business entities, activity assessment indicators are proposed, which are based on a minimum amount of data and simple calculations, for medium and large ones – a comprehensive assessment using ratio analysis and models for assessing the probability of bankruptcy, including the authors’ own logit model, tested at Ukrainian enterprises. Anti-crisis measures are substantiated to improve business functioning during martial law, both at the enterprise and state levels. Originality. The concept of “urgent crisis management” has been introduced to characterize the functioning of micro and small business entities. A concept of enterprise crisis management during wartime has been developed and a methodical approach to the diagnosis of subjects of micro, small, medium and large enterprises has been improved. In particular, the authors’ logit model for assessing the probability of bankruptcy has been proposed. Practical value. Methodological recommendations have been provided for the implementation of enterprise crisis management based on the scale of entrepreneurial activities, aiming to enhance their functioning in contemporary wartime conditions. The study introduces and validates a logit model on Ukrainian enterprises, demonstrating its effectiveness. The research findings discussed in this paper can be used by economists-researchers and practitioners to enhance business efficiency.

Perencanaan Arsitektur Sistem Informasi Persediaan Menggunakan Metode EAP di BULOG Subdivre Bandung

Information system planning becomes the most important role to support technological advances in the future. The planning made is regarding the inventory and financial information system in accordance with the problems that exist in BULOG Subdivre Bandung. The purpose of this research is to make information system architecture planning at BULOG Sub Dirve Bandung using the Enterprise Architecture Planning method. The model that will be used in the enterprise architecture is the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) model. This definition of enterprise architecture focuses on data, application, and technology architectures to support business functions and the plans to be implemented on that architecture. The results of the research carried out are blueprints in the form of recommendations for inventory and financial information systems at BULOG Subdivre Bandung, which produce 3 main business processes, in data architecture it produces 15 entities, and 4 applications and for technology architecture, which produces technology proposals that will be used in the future. will come.

Online field work practice management information system

Regulation of the Indonesia Minister of Education and Culture Number 3 of 2020 concerning the Freedom to Learn on an Independent Campus Policy, is a framework for preparing students to become tough graduates, relevant to the needs of the times. The implementation of vocational education, namely the existence of a training / apprenticeship period in the industrial world has similarities with the policy. Basically, both educational institutions and the industrial world need each other's. Information about the existence of a period of field work practice, both in the industrial world and in educational institutions today is very limited. This system was designed and built to bridge the information gap. This study uses the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which is a sequential and systematic software development method that emphasizes the development cycle in a short time. The RAD method consists of : Business Modeling, namely the process of modeling the flow of information on business functions; Data Modeling, namely the process of transforming a business model into a series of data object; Process Modeling, namely the process of translating data models into information flows in the implementation of business functions; Application Generation, namely the process of creating software using a programming language; and Testing and Turnover, which is a testing process to eliminate errors and return to the beginning of the development process. This information system provides 3 interfaces for 3 groups of users, namely: training administrators, prospective trainee and officers from industry with their own facilities.

Uncertainty, Probability and Gambling

In the first place we are going to see how we can understand uncertainty, we will start with Mises pointing out the proximity that exists between uncertainty and human action. We will emphasize that they are inextricably linked, and although uncertainty cannot be made disappear, we will see, following Professor Huerta de Soto, ways to mitigate it.We will rely on Rothbard’s opinion to see the two possible origins that uncertainty can have, according to him, that is, the impossibility of prediction and the lack of knowledge. Later we will see what we can understand by probability and its usual use in areas that are not the most appropriate for it. Next we will review the two types of probability: the one that is typical of the natural sciences, and that is characterized by being the only one that can be insurable and is capable of being expressed numerically, and which is known by the name of ‘class probability’ according to Mises, or ‘risk’ according to Frank H. Knight. And the other one, that occurs before a unique event, which we cannot label into any class, since it is the only one of its kind and its typical of human action and is called, according to Mises’s terminology, ‘case probability’ and according to Knight’s, ‘uncertainty’. We will see that Mises and Rothbard point out the differences between gambling, on the one hand, and entrepreneurship, on the other. Mises, in the sense that games are not based on cooperation, and that they are characterized as ‘zero-sum games’, in which some have to lose for others to win, while business is based on social cooperation. For his part, Rothbard will point out that by exposing himself to gambling, what he will do is generate, voluntarily, new risks that did not exist before, while the businessman with his actions, for his part, will try to achieve exactly the opposite, mitigate the uncertainty through the correct use of the business function.

Drinking Water Utility-Level Understanding of Climate Change Effects to System Reliability.

Climate change hazards, including increased temperatures, drought, sea level rise, extreme precipitation, wildfires, and changes in freeze-thaw cycles, are expected to degrade drinking water utility system infrastructure and decrease the reliability of water provision. To assess how drinking water utility manager perceptions of these risks affect utility planning, 60 semistructured interviews were conducted with utilities of various sizes, source water supplies, and United States geographical regions. This study analyzes these interviews (1) to evaluate which climate hazards are of primary concern to drinking water managers, (2) to develop a mental model framework for assessing utility-level understanding of climate change risks to system reliability, and (3) to examine the status of current water utility adaptation planning. The results show that concern and awareness of climate hazard risks vary geographically and are grounded in historical exposure; some participants do not believe climate change will influence their system's overall reliability. When considering climate change risks, utility managers tend to focus on effects to water supply and infrastructure, as opposed to changes in operations and maintenance, water quality, or business functions. Most surveyed utilities do not have comprehensive climate adaptation plans despite federal and professional recommendations. The range of beliefs and actions concerning climate adaptation planning indicates that utilities need directed guidance, and policymakers should consider including climate hazards and projections as part of required utility risk and resilience assessments.

Manajemen Produksi Usaha Rengginang Singkong Di Desa Sumbertempur Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Malang

The development of food processing industry in Indonesia supported by agricultural natural resources, capable of producing various processed products that can be created and developed from local or regional natural resources. Currently in some Asian countries many food products are lifted from local food types and processed traditionally. Home industry companies are small companies run by families or small groups such as home industries. As time goes on in the business world make companies to start thinking about quality business concepts. Business concepts will be of quality when management is well executed in line with changes in decision-making undertaken by the company, especially in companies engaged in household-scale industries. The formulation of the problems are: the production management cassava chips business in the group of farm women Budi Makmur already arranged well,? How is the implementation of production management function of cassava chips business in group of farmer farmer of Budi Makmur at Sumbertempur Village of Wonosari District of Malang Regency. The Respondent shown in this study were all members of the Budi Makmur farmer group as actors producing cassava chips.

The Development of the Space Utilization Trading Function in the Integrated High Education Area of Makassar City

Regulation of spatial use patterns is the basis for developing a balanced and integrated city. The rapid development of space utilization in Makassar for commercial aspects can threaten its dynamic balance. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the tendency of space utilization of business functions, which significantly impacts the integrated high education area. This research aims to describe the space utilization trading function’s development towards spatial planning in the integrated high education area over 2005-2013. This research used a quantitative deductive approach. The primary data was Maps image and Map Land Parcels of Makassar City in 2005-2013d. The analysis methods used in this research, namely quantitative analysis, use GIS applications to describe the space utilization trading function’s development toward spatial planning in the integrated high education area. The finding of this research showed that there had been a rapid and significant development of space utilization on trade function. This trend is faster than the distribution of space utilization on education function.

A Survey on Machine and Deep Learning Based Intrusion Detection Systems for IoT

Abstract: In recent times, the Internet of Things (IoT) and its diverse range of applications have emerged as one of the most popular and highly researched areas. The characteristics that make IoT easily applicable to real-life applications also expose it to cyber threats, thereby emphasizing the need for effective security measures. The rapid advancement of IoT is revolutionizing business processes and society as a whole. However, as this technology continues to evolve, it becomes increasingly important to prioritize the detection and awareness of vulnerabilities. Adopting a proactive approach is crucial to prevent unauthorized access to critical resources and business functions, thereby ensuring the continuous availability and operation of the system. Failing to prevent the occurrence of DoS and DDoS attacks can have adverse effects on data confidentiality, integrity, and availability, thereby highlighting the importance of effective intrusion detection and prevention measures. The literature has presented a wide range of intrusion detection methods aimed at addressing computer security threats. These methods can generally be categorized into

Small and medium-sized businesses in agricultural sector on the example of the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In a market economy, tough competition, the urgent task is to ensure the effective functioning of the agro-industrial business, which creates a social and economic basis that allows to maintain a rural lifestyle, develop rural areas, responding flexibly and in a timely manner to changing supply and demand conditions. The goal is to study the current state of entrepreneurship in the agro-industrial complex of the Almaty region, the pace of development and the effectiveness of support measures. Methods – economic-statistical, monographic, abstract-logical, comparative analysis and synthesis. Results – analyzed the number of operating small and medium-sized agribusiness entities in this region over the past 5 years, the number of employees employed in this area, the gross agricultural output in the country, as well as in the context of districts. An analysis was made of the share of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in agricultural production in general in Kazakhstan and the Almaty region, in particular. The main problems and ways to solve them are outlined. The indicators of objects of entrepreneurial activity, the volume of output of goods in agricultural sector and their structure in the region according to statistical data for 2018-2022 are presented. Shows the amount of state financial assistance at the regional level in recent years. Conclusions – on the GDP of agricultural sector over a five-year period, on average, SME accounts for 28.5%, individual entrepreneurs 5.3%, PPF 66.2%. The issues of irrational use of agricultural land, expansion of irrigated areas, regulatory support for the effective use of allocated public funds, insufficient institutional support for rural entrepreneurs are considered.

Using Carbon Tax to Reach the U.S.’s 2050 NDCs Goals—A CGE Model of Firms, Government, and Households

Our study shows how the United States government can achieve its goal of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2025, 2030, and 2050 by reducing energy consumption through a pure carbon tax. To achieve its emissions reduction goals, it is necessary for the U.S. to impose a long-term carbon tax that balances taxes on labour, capital, energy, and carbon. Therefore, in this study, through the two-layer CGE Cobb–Douglas model, the carbon tax rate is set while balancing the production and profit functions of government, businesses, and households. This study concludes that the carbon price will increase from USD 0.4391/kg CO2 in 2020 to USD 2.5671/kg CO2 in 2050, when the CO2 emissions reduction target is increased from 17% reduction in 2020 to 83% reduction in 2050 for the U.S.

THE ROLE OF STATE SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The purpose of this scientific work is to determine the role of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises in ensuring sustainable regional development. In the course of the study, existing areas of state support for small and medium-sized businesses were considered, among which guarantees, microloans, loans, subsidies, grants, budget investments were particularly noted. Within the framework of the work, topical problems of the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses were studied, which reflect the need to improve the economic and legal aspects of state support for this sector of the economy. In addition, the study identified the main aspects of the impact of state support on the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of sustainable regional development, the relationship between the phenomena under consideration was established. The directions of improving state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the context of sustainable regional development were proposed. Conclusions. The existing state support for small and medium-sized enterprises does not have a sufficient level of efficiency, while its increase is necessary not only from the position of direct assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises, but also from the position of ensuring sustainable development of the regions, since small and medium-sized enterprises act as one of the key sources of this development.

Enterprise Transformation Projects-A Mathematical Models’ based Enterprise Refinement Concept (ETP-ERC)

This article presents analyzes the possibility and the risks related to the implementation of an Enterprise Transformation Project (ETP), which can be assisted by an Enterprise Refinement Concept (ERC). The ERC is based on the author’s Applied Holistic Mathematical Model (AHMM), to implement a Digital Transformation (DT) process, which is ETP’s first major step. The DT is a very critical process and it decides if the ETP will succeed or fail. ETPs are of strategic importance for the business enterprises or organizations (simply an ENT), but they are unfortunately, very complex and have very high failure-rates. The mentioned major complexity constraints, need a risk based strategic concept that uses a Polymathic-holistic approach, which in turn uses and integrates the AHMM for the ERC (AHMM4ERC). The AHMM4ERC can be used to evaluate ETP’s progress (or regression). The ERC is sets of extraction, conversion, and refinement operations that are executed on various ENT’s levels and on its legacy resources. An ENT can include: 1) A group of stakeholders; 2) Executive managers; and 3) A set of organizational units or business units (simply a Unit), where each Unit has its own (1 or more) Unit system(s) or PLatform(s) (UPL). The application of the ERC on the ENT, refines and transforms all its Units and its UPL(s); to deliver reusable Building Blocks (BB). ERC generated BBs can be assembled and combined in Composite BBs (CBB); and CBBs are used to reorganize ENT’s APplication Domain’s (APD) business and common functions, Units, UPLs, and all their dependencies. The AHMM4ERC insures ENT’s generated BBs, Units, and UPLs integrities; and that they can be used in the ETP.

INNOVATIVE BUSINESS AS A DETERMINANT OF THE FORMATION OF AN INCLUSIVE ECONOMY

The system-forming determinants of functioning of innovative business in the context of inclusive development of the national economy are substantiated.
 It is determined that in modern innovative forms of business (outstaffing, outsourcing, consulting, etc.) are organizational innovations, their existence forms fundamentally new economic and legal relations between economic entities and contributes to the implementation of inclusive management strategies and technologies.
 It is argued that inefficient basic institutions and existing institutions, non-transparent sales flows, scarcity of credit resources and investments cause low rates of spread of innovative forms of business in the economy. The combination and synergy of these factors limit the positive regulatory influence of economic institutions on innovative modernization and economic development. 
 It is substantiated that the greatest potential for growth in the national economy is characterized by information and communication technologies and services in this sphere. The growth of the volume of IT services in the national economy and achieving compliance with the innovative development trend will be facilitated by institutional support of outsourcing business technologies in high-tech industries and information and communication sphere.
 The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of outsourcing are defined. Such criteria determine the impact of outsourcing business technology on the result of the activities of producers ordering a service or performing it. The key characteristics for assessing the effectiveness of outsourcing services are: reducing the costs of the production process; optimization of business processes; improving the efficiency of the manufacturer; improving the quality of the production process.
 The analysis of trends in the development of innovative forms of business in the national economy has revealed that their development is hampered by low scale and pace of digitalization in most industries, low innovation activity of commodity producers, institutional weakness of regulatory influences, shadowing of the economy and the predominance of quasi-innovations. Evolutionary limitations in the formation of innovative business correlate with technological lag in production, a significant shadow sphere of the economy, permanent political and economic crises.

An Explainable Forecasting System for Humanitarian Needs Assessment

We present a machine learning system for forecasting forced displacement populations deployed at the Danish Refugee Council (DRC). The system, named Foresight, supports long term forecasts aimed at humanitarian response planning. It is explainable, providing evidence and context supporting the forecast. Additionally, it supports scenarios, whereby analysts are able to generate forecasts under alternative conditions. The system has been in deployment since early 2020 and powers several downstream business functions within DRC. It is central to our annual Global Displacement Report which informs our response planning. We describe the system, key outcomes, lessons learnt, along with technical limitations and challenges in deploying machine learning systems in the humanitarian sector.

Study on Urban Renewal Strategy of Chengdu

The construction of our country is in the transition period from incremental to stock. Urban renewal is an important strategy to reshape urban image and increase urban vitality. Chengdu is not only an important central city in the western region, but also a top ten ancient capital and a famous historical and cultural city in China. This paper begins with the background of the urban renewal of MengZhui Wan in the center of Chengdu, and then writes the background of the urban renewal of China, then from the general situation, geographical location, living conditions to write the situation of MengZhuiWan Area. And then from the “EPC + O” model of urban renewal, optimization of functional layout, restructuring the urban structure, updating the business function, inject new vitality of production capacity, create multi-functional space, revival of Tianfu culture four aspects of the MengZhuiWan Area in detail to carry out the renewal strategy, the final summary of the full text.

Systematic Review of Hospital Resilience Instrument: Does it Fit to face the Disruption Era?

Introduction: As critical infrastructure, hospitals have an important role as a provider of health care in the health care system. In the era of disruption, hospitals are faced with many challenges known as Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity (VUCA) World. Resilience capacities are needed to cope with all disruptions to maintain business and service functions. This study aims to review hospital resilience instruments to measure resilience in the context of facing a disruption era. Methods: A systematic review in 2020 was conducted. The search of articles was done from electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used.

Organisational GDPR Investments and Impacts

The aim of this empirical multi-case study is to understand the GDPR investments and impacts of the organisations. Among these, the measuring experiences related to GDPR and information security (Isec), and the future expectations are examined. Several interesting findings were recognised, which also enabled further suggestions. First, an understanding of the organisations’ investments and their impact is built by gathering information about the actions that organisations made to fulfil the GDPR requirements. In the second phase, it is deemed necessary to examine how organisations experience the measures and evaluation of GDPR development and progress, in order to understand how respondents, end up evaluating the impact of their investments. In the third phase it is considered necessary to consider the future development of GDPR and the challenges and opportunities it brings to organisations, in order to understand how the experiences so far affect preparations for the future. The final phase of evaluation focuses on finding out what impact the GDPR has had on organisations. On the one hand, it is possible that the total investment in the GDPR may also correlate with the development of the organisational Isec maturity, because GDPR has brought more resources and visibility to the organisation’s Isec, and operations have become more systematic. On the other hand, organisations with an already high level of Isec maturity and organisations operating in a regulatory-focused industry may accept the GDPR-based Isec investments more easily. If GDPR is tightly integrated with both the organisation’s information security and the business functions under the responsibility of executive management, it may support the organisation’s business and information security development. This research serves GDPR authorities, organisational executives, persons in charge of GDPR/information security/cybersecurity, service providers and academia.

An Analysis of Sports Management by District Sports Office, Jalgaon with Reference to Softball Tournament

Sport management refers to the management of various business functions in sports and recreation organizations. Depending on their specific job title, sport management professionals might plan, direct, organize or budget within a sports-related organization. Sports should be a major part of the school curriculum because if students stay emotionally and physically healthy, they can easily focus on their studies. Softball is a modified form of baseball, played on a smaller field with a larger, softer ball, seven rather than nine innings, and with underarm pitching. There are two main types of softball: fast pitch and slow pitch. Softball differs from baseball in that the pitchers throw underhand (with hand below shoulder level). Objectives of the study are: - To study Overall system of District Sport office, Jalgaon, To study the role of sports in life and its importance and To study information about soft ball tournament. Researcher observe the eligibility criteria for enrolling and also procedure of enrolment. There is general procedure of tournament which have some limitations. Some changes are required in selection method of team members. The case study analysis of the Sports Management by the District Sports Office in Jalgaon with reference to the Softball tournament exemplifies effective planning, execution, resource management, stakeholder engagement, promotion, and continuous improvement. These factors played a pivotal role in the successful organization and execution of the tournament, showcasing the District Sports Office's competency in sports management. • A player can participate in any one age group in one sport. School competition will be organized in under 11, 14, 17, 19 age groups. If the match is tied during the tournament, then as per the rules of the single District/State Association of that sport the result will be given. • Taluka level competition, venue will be decided by Taluka Sports Committee. In school sports competition, travel, accommodation, food expenses and state level travel expenses from taluka level to division level are to be borne by the concerned institution/school/college. Accommodation and food arrangements for state level competition will be intimated to you by letter of players in the prescribed sample of Sports Authority of India before proceeding to the Divisional / State level competition

Influence of leader to strategy formation process in enterprise

The dynamic change in the external environment of Ukrainian enterprises in recent years is characterized by the deterioration of the conditions for the functioning of organizations. Quarantine measures caused by the COVID-19 epidemic have changed the usual conditions of business activity. The military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine destroys the best strategies and development projects of enterprises. Unpredictable conditions of business functioning in modern conditions require managers to adapt the existing strategy of enterprise development or create a new actual strategy of enterprise functioning in conditions of economic crisis. The personal characteristics of the leader, which directly affect the process of developing the company's development strategy, were chosen as the object of the study. Positive and negative characteristics aimed at understanding the leader's actions, the leader's making of impulsive or measured decisions and their consequences were studied. The work reveals the influence of the leader on the process of forming the company's strategy. In the course of the study, the interpretation of the concepts of «strategic thinking» and «strategic planning», «leadership» and «management» by scientists is given. Common and different between them are established. A number of features that can be used to determine a manager's effectiveness are identified, namely: the manager's personal characteristics, the main organizational factors of managerial effectiveness, and a number of limitations that prevent the full realization of all the manager's personal capabilities. The key elements of the manager's high efficiency pyramid are analyzed. Two principles of maintaining the state of ideal work productivity of the leader are given. Four types of personal shortcomings of the leader and their impact on the process of strategy formation are presented. Mitigating actions to overcome personal shortcomings of leaders are identified. The obtained results can be used in the process of forming an enterprise development strategy based on the leader's personal characteristics and the leader's behavior model.

Small Innovative Enterprises and Modular Production Technologies

The main signs of the small and medium enterprises and also their classifications by the main criteria in various countries are considered. Features of innovative activity in small business, social and economic functions of small business are shown. Innovations become the driving force of social and economic development, a powerful factor of competitiveness of the countries, regions and enterprises. Dynamics of a share of small and medium business among the enterprises of the Russian Federation which are carrying out technological innovations by types of economic activity is considered. The comparative analysis of statistical information shows that most such organizations belongs to production of computers, to research and development, to production of electronic and optical products, machines and the equipment. The reasons of weak participation of small business in innovative activity, including lack of powerful production and experimental base, small number of highly skilled employees are established. Forms of participation of the small and medium enterprises in the technologies and productions constructed by the modular principle are shown. Inclusion in modular technologies allows to lower degree of uncertainty of areas of application of innovations, to cut down costs on production and product sales, more productively to use limited resources of the small and medium enterprises.