Business Information Research Articles

The effect of regime change on entrepreneurship: A real options approach with evidence from US gubernatorial elections

Although political turnover is said to be a healthy component of the business environment, the literature is equivocal about the effects of regime change on early-stage entrepreneurial activity. I present incumbent displacement—the electoral defeat of an incumbent political party's candidate—as a source of regime change, and I analyze how this affects business formation through the lens of real options theory. I test my theory using US gubernatorial elections from 2004 to 2022, leveraging a Regression Discontinuity design to compare changes in business formation trends following elections where a challenger party candidate wins or loses by a close margin. I find that regime change reduces venture creation activity for growth-oriented ventures specifically. I also find evidence of a partial rebound in subsequent months—suggestive that some entrepreneurs delay entry while others permanently abandon their ventures.

Food security, the agriculture value chain, and digital transformation: The case of Jamaica's agricultural business information system (ABIS)

Digital transformation has potential for improving food security through agriculture development. While these transformations are welcomed and while societies are generally moving towards modernization and digitalization, farmers in the Global South have not been transitioning into the age of digitalization, and so are unable to take full advantage in ways that can enhance the agro value chain. Considering this, what may account for the sub-optimal take up from digital transformation deployment in agriculture sector in a small island developing state? Has there been any successes to the agriculture value-chain? What are the lessons to be learned? While the systems are available and farmers may have an interest in using them, their lack of ability to maneuver these new technologies leads to non-take up/use of the new beneficial technologies. A general distrust in government further compounded by a general distrust in the use of the internet has polarized farmers from digital technologies. The sluggish operations of governments of the South have inhibited the innovation that is required to enhance take up of digital technologies in agriculture. Privatization of digitalization in agriculture is therefore proffered as an alternative to a state-owned and state-operated digital transformation of agriculture. A policy options framework is proposed as a starting point to mitigating some of the challenges faced and improving digital transformation efforts in agriculture.

Intelligent Voice Mail System

As technology is advancing, people are coming closer to digital life and digital communication. In this modern period, there are many ways to communicate with others through the internet. Common mode of communication among people through internet is Email. A lot of Business and personal information is exchanged over emails in today's time. Some people cannot use these technologies because either they are illiterate or cannot see the screen. Using this system entitled Voice-based Bare Email for Visually Impaired, it will make the email system very easily accessible to visually challenged people and also help society. This application uses text-to-speech and speech-to-text converters so that visually challenged people can operate the system easily. This system reduces the complexity of remembering the characters or information regarding keyboard shortcuts. Every function will be based on simple voice commands so that those people can easily make use of the technology. It also includes various expert systems, natural language processing, machine vision, and speech recognition. To understand and analyze human language such as English by extracting metadata from keywords, emotions, relations, and concepts in Natural Language Processing

The role of industrial clustering: from layoff to self-employment after the Chinese state-owned enterprise reform

ABSTRACT It is generally agreed upon that industrial clustering can stimulate the formation of new businesses. However, the role of industrial clustering in the transition from layoff to self-employment is rarely investigated. This study exploits the Chinese State-Owned Enterprise Reform as a policy shock to employment, for examining whether laid-off workers are more inclined to be self-employed in regions with highly developed industrial clustering. The empirical results first reveal that prefectures with a higher SOE workers ratio in 1995 experienced a larger increase in the new entry of self-employed households in the following years. Following that, we further detect the heterogeneous effect of regions with and without clusters. The results illustrate that the reform increased the number of new self-employed households in regions with industrial clusters, and the effect is insignificant in prefectures without industrial clusters. This study implies adopting a cluster-based development strategy in transitioning countries could alleviate the negative effect of mass unemployment.

A Study on Public’s Preference on Digital Payments and UPI Apps

The UPI system allows users to transfer finances between bank accounts incontinently, without the need for traditional payment styles like cash or checks. The ease of use and convenience of UPI apps have made them popular among consumers, and they’ve snappily come a favoured system of payment. still, with multiple UPI apps available in the request, consumers are faced with the challenge of choosing the stylish app that suits their requirements. also, enterprises similar as security, specialized glitches, and payment failures can affect the public’s preference for digital payments and UPI apps. Therefore, the purpose of this research project is to examine public preferences for UPI apps and digital payments, as well as the factors influencing these preferences. The study will also look at the many UPI apps that are out now, their areas of expertise, and the benefits of utilising UPI apps for online payments. This study aims to gather important information for businesses and policymakers by providing a thorough understanding of the public’s preference for digital payments and UPI apps.

Informal Business Practices: Some Early Evidence

The paper introduces a new management theory, “Informal Business Practices” (IBP), focusing on micro-level business practices that are informal, illegal, unregulated, or unethical. Evidence for IBP is found in general literature on taxes, shadow economies, corporate governance, accounting, and human resource management. It also references the World Bank’s ‘doing business’ indicators and enterprise surveys, further confirmed by a small survey among retired managers in emerging markets. This led to formulating an economic theory of IBP focused on minimizing business costs and a behavioral theory linking IBP to business attitudes and behaviors.
 In 2022, a field study in Uganda used over 80 Likert variables for a survey among 18 SMEs to determine the economic drivers of formality and establish the “formality gap” with full regulatory and legal compliance. Insights were verified through semi-structured interviews with business managers/owners, providing further evidence for the economic and behavioral theories of IBP. The paper concludes that this preliminary result justifies more extensive research into the concept of IBP.

Quality adjusted financial development and the Entrepreneurship-Growth Nexus

ABSTRACT The relationship between new business formation and economic growth can be supported by financial development. However, we argue that not all finance can spur entrepreneurial activity and that the quality of finance matters. Using data from 78 economies from 2006 to 2020, we estimate a dynamic growth model that accounts for potential endogeneity and simultaneity issues and an interaction term that captures the dynamic effects between entrepreneurial creation and quality-adjusted financial measures. We find some evidence that quality-adjusted measures of private credit that accounts for volatility and liquidity can moderate the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. However, we also find that higher levels of quality-adjusted finance can crowd out the growth effects of new business formation, in line with the ‘too much finance’ view. Policy implications are discussed.

Development of a mobile app to optimize organization and assessment for clinical teaching in dentistry

The aim of the current study was to develop an application for mobile devices that can improve the organization and documentation of clinical teaching in dental schools. The app should include a calendar to organize treatments, an overview of all treatments including the treatment stages, a digital waiting-list for the teacher’s assessment, and a standardized recording of all assessment results. Students and members of a Medical Faculty and a Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems jointly developed the app. Twenty-three students tested the usability after 4 weeks. Next, the new app was tried and tested by n = 79 forth-year students who used it for 2 months during their clinical course. Fifth-year students of the same clinical course who did not use the app constituted the control group. Afterwards, the app was standard implemented in both integrated clinical courses and evaluated after 1 year by the same students both in winter and summer semester. After usability test, the majority of students (81%, n = 18) said they would recommend the app and gave it a mean overall score of 2.0 ± 0.6. Next, course organization and assessment was evaluated by n = 75 fourth-year students (95%) who used the app and by n = 40 control students (74%) who did not use the app. Students who used the app reported significantly better organization of treatment ( p = .002), documentation of treatment ( p = .001), waiting for the teacher’s assessment ( p = .038), overview of treatment sessions ( p = .040), and transparency of grading and assessment ( p = .012). After 12 months, the now fifth-year students still gave very good ratings for the organization of the treatment and the transparency of the grading in both evaluations, so that no significant changes were detectable (organization p = .959 and the rating p = .751). The newly created app improves the organization and evaluation of clinical education and even after 1 year of service, the students still perceive the consistently high advantages of digitization.

Managerial aspects spects of digitalization of the transport and logistics ecosystem

A virtual organization is the newest form of business organizations, one of the forms of which are distributed companies with their own production facilities and transport and logistics resources, or using the services of production and logistics centers located on different continents and in different countries, forming project/matrix management structures, attracting specialists from different countries. The article discusses the advantages and risks of managing distributed organizations based on digital technologies. The authors characterize the fields of activity of distributed companies and assess the potential for their expansion. The trend towards digitalization of management processes determines the logic of transformation of the organizational structure model from a traditional hierarchical to an open, flexible one. It is shown that transportation and logistics functions are critically important in ensuring the activities of distributed organizations, within the framework of which the transfer of raw materials, materials in progress, finished products, goods between production centers, sales centers, intermediaries of various kinds, customers and end consumers is realized.The following research methods were used: scientific review, monitoring, situational, retrospective and prospective analysis, as well as critical assessment and formulation of author’s judgments and conclusions on the scientific basis of leading scientists and specialists in the field of economics, management, logistics, operational work management.

Impact of Price and Shopping Motive on Millennial Consumer Preferences for Offline and Online Store Formats

Globalisation has resulted in increased competition among businesses, leading to the development of various business formats and impacting consumer behaviour. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the shift towards online businesses, prompting the emergence of different online store formats. In light of these changes, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of price and shopping motives on consumer preferences for online store formats versus physical stores. The research methodology involved distributing surveys directly to gather opinions from respondents in Surabaya, with a focus on millennial consumers. From 144 samples of this study, price and shopping motives did not significantly influence millennial consumers' preference for store formats. However, the results of the research indicate a clear preference for online shopping over physical stores among millennial consumers. This study sheds light on consumer preferences in the current market and emphasizes the growing influence of online businesses.

Research of the mechanism of innovation implementation in the activities of Russian enterprises

In the conditions of globalization and development of information technologies, the competition of enterprises on national and international scales is significantly aggravated, which determines the importance of ensuring competitive advantages for any enterprise through innovation. In modern conditions, the effectiveness of innovation activity of the enterprise and, accordingly, its competitiveness depends primarily on the completeness and reliability of business information about the activities of counterparties and the conditions of the external environment. The value of informing about possible changes in the business environment has a manifestation through the prevention of tactical and strategic errors of enterprise management. Innovative development is the basis of competitiveness of modern economies, which provides the possibility of accelerated growth at macro- and micro-levels on the basis of creation and strengthening of intellectual potential in the global business environment. Despite the presence of significant conditions for qualitative changes on an innovative basis, the Russian Federation continues to be in a complex highly turbulent period of unstable growth. Therefore, the task of domestic economic science is to find mechanisms for the implementation of modern management of innovative development in the practice of enterprises in the Russian Federation, systematizing and developing its methodology. This requires an in-depth scientific study in the direction of searching for conceptual foundations for the activation of innovative development of enterprises to make a technological leap in the Russian Federation, in particular, on the basis of attracting breakthrough innovations, modern concepts of knowledge management, formation of relevant business models, management of high added value processes and the use of information and communication technologies in the digital space.

Legal Challenges in Managing Intellectual Property Rights in Business Information Systems

With the advancement of information technology, business information systems have become integral elements in business operations across various sectors. However, the use of this technology also brings new challenges in managing intellectual property rights, including the protection of copyrights, patents, trademarks, and others. This research aims to analyze the legal challenges in managing intellectual property rights in business information systems through the perspective of Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a qualitative literature review, drawing data from Google Scholar for the period from 2009 to 2024. The qualitative approach in the literature review allows researchers to understand the complex and diverse phenomena related to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that the management of intellectual property rights (IPR) in business information systems in Indonesia faces complex legal challenges. Although Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) provides a framework, its implementation often leads to uncertainty and challenges in IPR protection. One of the main challenges is the clarity and legal certainty in the digital environment, as well as consistent law enforcement against IPR violations. Thus, there is a need to enhance cooperation between the government, law enforcement agencies, and the private sector to improve law enforcement related to IPR in business information systems.

Buying a Wealthy Dream: Determinants of Rural Residents' Lottery Purchase Behavior in China.

The expansion of illicit lottery activities has caused significant harm to both agricultural production and the livelihood of rural residents. An analysis of the factors that influence rural residents' participation in underground lotteries can provide crucial insight for regulating the lottery industry's development. This study examines the present state of rural residents' participation in underground lotteries, investigates the factors that impact their participation using the Double-Hurdle model, and further employs the ISM model to evaluate the correlations and hierarchical structure among the factors, using field survey data collected from 603 rural residents in S Province, China. The findings reveal that 53.07% of the respondents have participated in underground lotteries. Risk preference, information acquisition, social networks, age, education, family burden, percentage of agricultural labor, agricultural business scale, and household income significantly affect whether residents purchase lotteries (WPL). All factors, except the percentage of agricultural labor and agricultural business scale, also significantly impact underground lottery spending (LS). Among the significant influencing factors, rural residents' risk preference is the direct surface factor, whereas agricultural business scale, household income, information acquisition, and social networks are the middle indirect factors, and residents' age, education, family burden, and percentage of agricultural labor are the deep-rooted factors. It is recommended to regulate the lottery industry's development can be achieved by enhancing entertainment and cultural activities, expanding economic opportunities, enhancing rural education, increasing law awareness, and improving the public welfare lottery business model. The conclusions offer a valuable reference point for the standardized development of the lottery industry and the promotion of social stability in rural areas.

An image encryption method based on modified elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and Hill Cipher

Abstract Digital image protection is crucial since images often contain private and sensitive information in business, medical, and military. One of the best techniques for securing the content of these images is encryption. This article introduces a cryptosystem known as the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman Hill Cipher (ECDHHC) that uses the modified eliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key exchange protocol to generate the shared secret key integrated with the Hill Cipher. An elliptic curve point-based secret shared key matrix using the ECDHHC, which will be used for encryption and decryption, is generated. Thereafter, the input image is split into a set of 8 × 8 submatrices and then changes the values of these matrices by multiplying each block with the secret shared key matrix. The encrypted image is constructed by merging all encrypted blocks. With this combination, the correlation between adjacent pixels in the ciphered image is effectively removed, and the level of unpredictability and uncertainty for the ciphered image is also enhanced. The suggested approach used the key space, entropy, histogram, antinoise attack, differential attack, and correlation coefficient to evaluate the performance of the encryption method. According to simulation findings, the proposed method offers a high level of security and efficiency, and resists attackers.

The use of Internet resources in historical research

Computer technology has long been an integral part of our lives. The information resource of mankind is constantly growing, being updated and replenished, and benefits professionals of any specialization. Currently, the Internet has turned into a vast information space, into an immeasurable repository. In this repository, information of various kinds (scientific, business, educational, text, audio and video information) is publicly available and is constantly being enriched, there are virtual archives, libraries, and news feeds. The worldwide information network has connected not only individual researchers, but also numerous scientific organizations around the world. The object of the research is the analysis of Internet resources and the application of their potential in the field of historical knowledge. The subject of the research is the analysis of the Internet as a modern information environment of historical science, the use of Internet capabilities in historical research, as well as in historical education. The following methods were used in writing the work: historicism, historical-comparative, historical-genetic. This made it possible to discover potential Internet resources in the field of historical research. When writing the work, the author conducted a study, during which more than 300 sites and Web pages on the history of Russia and world history, located on various servers, were analyzed. The author gave a description of the main groups of sources represented on the Internet, and proposed his own classification of professional resources. He also focused on the characteristics of resources created by Academic organizations, the search for special articles and books, historical multimedia resources, collections of encyclopedias and dictionaries, anthologies, the use of blogs and forums, as well as file-sharing networks to search for historical information. Internet bibliographic resources, electronic catalogs, and meta-search bibliographic systems are also highlighted. Special attention is paid to the methods of more effective search for historical information, a new search concept is proposed.

The Role of the Local Government in Fostering Entrepreneurship – Evidence from Municipalities in the Kraków Metropolitan Area

Abstract Subject and purpose of work The study was conducted in the municipalities of the Kraków Metropolitan Area. It aims to identify models for supporting local entrepreneurship and assess their effectiveness. The effectiveness of the models was evaluated by measuring the diversity and changes in the number of enterprises in the area. We also presented entrepreneurs’ opinions on their satisfaction with specific policies. Materials and methods: Secondary ( literature and statistical data) and primary data sources were used in the paper. The primary source was a survey among entrepreneurs. The survey research to assess the performance of entrepreneurship policy involved 21 municipalities. We apply a mixed-method approach here (comparative indicator analysis, cluster analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests). Results: The research demonstrated that the policy involving entrepreneurship support through tax instruments (reduced local tax rates) does not contribute significantly to providing entrepreneurship-fostering conditions. The study revealed that the level of entrepreneurship may be affected more by the expenditure policy, such as the municipality’s efforts to establish special economic zones, organise training, establish business information points, etc. Conclusions: Local governments (LG) that are attractive to investors (such as easily available infrastructure and proximity to markets) should adopt high property-tax rates. The tax is undervalued in peri-urban municipalities (compared to property value) and does not burden the business. Second, LG should focus on hard projects. They should intensify spatial planning and land management to ensure space for business to grow. It will entail conflicts and balancing the needs of diverse social groups, but it must be done to stimulate local socioeconomic development.

Community Pharmacy Needle Exchange Programme: What Can Analysis of the Data Tell Us about the Changing Drug Market in Ireland?

Community Pharmacy Needle Exchanges are a harm reduction measure that have been established in a number of countries to provide access to sterile injecting equipment for people who inject drugs (PWID). To ensure that they are meeting needs, it is important to monitor the use of the services. This study aimed to determine patterns of needle distribution and return in community pharmacies in Ireland over time. The number of pharmacies, needle packs, clean needles and returned packs was obtained from the Health Service Executive (HSE) Planning and Business Information Unit (PBI). Yearly totals were calculated to show patterns from 2015 to 2022. There has been an 18% decline in the number of pharmacies providing the service since 2015, with a 19% decline in the number of packs provided and a 21% decline in the number of packs returned. The proportion of packs returned was 23% in 2015 and 18% in 2022. There has been a 16% decline in the number of sterile needles provided and a 6% reduction in the average number of needles per individual since 2017. Declining needle use and low rates of used needle return (against a backdrop of large numbers of PWID that have not significantly reduced over time) suggest that there is a need to investigate if community pharmacies in Ireland have the scope to improve their harm reduction impact. This raises questions in terms of the need to both improve and adapt the service against a backdrop of changing drug markets. Key recommendations include the need to review the harm reduction services employed by participating pharmacies when providing new equipment and organising the return of used equipment.

A Revit-Midas/Civil conversion approach for bridge superstructures analysis

In this study, a model conversion method that combined Revit with Midas Civil software was proposed to improve the modeling efficiency and accuracy of finite element calculations for a large bridge structure. The secondary development program was established using the Visual Studio 2022 platform, which was used to convert the model information. A model conversion interface was created by extracting, screening, and then sorting the geometric information of the business information model and generating a Midas Civil Text file. This interface served as a link between Revit and Midas Civil, specifically for the bridge superstructure. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed model conversion method was confirmed using a single-box three-cell Box-girder bridge. The results demonstrated that the model conversion method transfered the Revit model information successfully to a Midas Civil structural analysis model, thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the finite element modeling of a complex bridge superstructure.

Social and cultural impacts of the Selo hiking trail in Mount Merbabu National Park: a case study on community interaction and sustainable tourism development

Background: Mount Merbabu is one of the natural attractions in Central Java that attracts local and foreign tourists with the Selo Trail as the most popular climbing route for tourists. The number of tourist visits on the Selo Hiking Trail has increased significantly every year. Tourism activities on the Selo Hiking Trail have a social and economic impact on the surrounding community, both directly and indirectly. Methods: This study aims to analyze the social and cultural impacts of climbing tourism activities on the Selo Climbing Trail, Mount Merbabu National Park (TNGMb), Central Java. The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with a Likert scale. Results: The results showed that tourism development in the Selo Hiking Trail had a significant impact on the level of community cooperation, social values, and livelihoods. The level of cooperation between communities increased, which was reflected in the formation of joint businesses and community activities. The social and cultural values of the community have changed, including the style of language and dress. In addition, there has been an increase in the number of livelihood types and community incomes. However, crime and violence around the tourism area are considered low. Findings: This study concludes that hiking tourism activities on the Selo Hiking Trail have a significant positive impact on the social and economy of the local community, while maintaining the sustainability and wisdom of local culture needs to be a concern in sustainable tourism management.

The Political Economy of the Roof: The New Village Movement in 1970s South Korea

This study investigates South Korea’s rural modernization project conducted under the name of the New Village Movement during the rapid industrialization period of the 1970s. The focus is on a specific event called the Roof Improvement Project within this Movement. In the 1970s, rural poverty was often portrayed through images of monochromatic village landscapes populated by dilapidated mud-walled houses crowned with coverings of faded grass thatch. Replacing the thatched roofs with something more colorful and modern was quickly identified as one of the most effective ways of showcasing ‘rural development.’ By 1978, an astonishing 2,618,000 thatched houses throughout the countryside had their old roofs replaced with a new material known as ‘slate.’ The rural ‘change’ particularly manifested through the brightly colored slate roofs lining the highways. This technicolor display propagandized development and, ultimately, legitimized the military regime’s rule. However, the new ‘modern’ roofs actually eroded farmers’ financial status and bolstered the accumulation of capital by specific industries. To trace the flow of capital extracted from farmers, this study also delves into the history of two large corporate groups - KCC and Pyŏksan - that were able to solidify the early foundation for their current business formation in the 1970s.