Business Class Research Articles

Minimizing the penalized goal-reaching probability with multiple dependent risks

We consider a robust optimal investment and reinsurance problem with multiple dependent risks for an Ambiguity-Averse Insurer (AAI), who wishes to minimize the probability that the value of the wealth process reaches a low barrier before a high goal. We assume that the insurer can purchase per-loss reinsurance for every class of insurance business and invest its surplus in a risk-free asset and a risky asset. Using the technique of stochastic control theory and solving the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, we derive the robust optimal investment-reinsurance strategy and the associated value function. We conclude that the robust optimal investment-reinsurance strategy coincides with the one without model ambiguity, but the value function differs. We also illustrate our results by numerical examples.

Determining factors affecting the upselling acceptance of business class seats among Filipino passengers: An extended theory of planned behavior approach

Upselling of business class seats has been implemented by many commercial airlines as part of their revenue management strategies. The purpose of this was to determine factors affecting the upselling acceptance of business class seats among Filipino passengers by utilizing an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. A total 323 Filipinos voluntarily answered an online questionnaire that was distributed through a purposive sampling approach. The questionnaire consisted of 41 items that covered various factors such as Price (PR), Perceived Value (PV), Social Status (SS), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Hedonic Motivation (HM), Subjective Norm (SN), Attitude (A), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), and Intention (I). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed SN was the most significant factor affecting passengers' intention to accept business class upselling offer, followed by PBC, PR, A, and FC. In addition, PV, FC, and A had significant effects on PBC which subsequently led to I. Furthermore, HM, P, and SS had significant effects on A which subsequently led to SN and I. Meanwhile, only two hypotheses were not supported by the study. This study is one of the first studies that explored the upselling in the business class seats using behavioral factors and additional variables to determine their intentions. The results of this study could help the airline industry to evaluate their strategy in revenue management. Finally, the findings of this study add to the current literature and help airlines’ marketing strategy and promote seat bidding.

Fast food investment in Barbados: the experience of McDonald’s

Learning outcomes Specific teaching and learning objectives include to identify factors influencing market expansion decisions and recommend appropriate entry modes, understand factors in the international business environment that contribute to success or failure of international businesses in developing countries, evaluate strategies enabling international businesses to sustain market presence in developing countries and overcome local competition, analyze the concept of local responsiveness in international business operations and suggest strategies for internationalizing domestic companies from developing countries. Case overview/synopsis The McDonald’s case examines the challenges associated with market expansion by global brands. The case occurs during the early-globalization era in the 1990s. Barbados, a developing country, is the site for potential expansion. Prospective investors, the Winters, are desirous of establishing a McDonald’s in Barbados. They need to thoroughly analyze the previous experience of McDonald’s against the host country’s current international business environment, e.g. political, economic, cultural and competitive environment. This case analysis provides a framework for understanding the multifaceted reasons behind McDonald’s exit from Barbados, considering the complex interplay of political, economic, sociocultural, technological and legal factors in the international business environment. The case equips the instructor and students to explore the risks of international expansion, particularly in developing country markets. The case study on McDonald’s failure in Barbados highlights the need to thoroughly examine one’s market entry strategy and available information on the host market and be more locally responsive regarding tastes and preferences. The case study also presents essential lessons for firms and planners from developing countries. Local firms innovated and enhanced their operations in response to the threat from the entry of the global fast-food giant. Yet, they did not seek to internationalize once McDonald’s exited the Barbadian market. The case study, therefore, considers strategies firms from developing countries could utilize to penetrate markets from developed countries. Complexity academic level At the undergraduate level, the McDonald’s Barbados case can be used in international business classes to highlight risks in the international business environment and the need for a carefully planned and executed market entry strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS5: International Business.

A new multipolar order: combined development, state forms and new business classes

Abstract What are the key social forces and interests that underpin an emerging multipolar world? Existing research oscillates between the retreat of the liberal international order and the rise of the rest, which remains trapped in a form of geopolitical fetishism. These explanations tell us little about the kinds of forces that are driving a more fragmented and disordered global order. In this article, we suggest going beyond this by fleshing out the underlying social class relations that this new emerging order is based on. At the core of it is the emergence of a new business class—fraction of capital—that in turn sustains what we call competing regulatory geographies. The latter are internalized within state institutions and policies and have reconsolidated a combination of state and market-led industrial policy. Empirically, we also show how these dynamics unfold in key non-core states. In highlighting this particularly potent dynamic of the contemporary global order, this article calls for policy-makers to better recognize the internal contestation within states that shapes and is shaped by combined capitalist development.

Studi Karakteristik dan Faktor Penumpang dalam Pemilihan Kereta Api Ranggajati

The train is one of the modes of transportation that has advantages compared to other modes of transportation, such as saving space, an elevated level of security, free from congestion, high carrying capacity, and environmentally friendly. One of the modes of rail transportation available at Daop 9 Jember is the Ranggajati Train which has two classes, namely executive and business. Because there are class differences, everyone has several factors in choosing the train class. Therefore, a search for the effect of variables with the selection of the Ranggajati train class will be carried. This in the future can be used as an evaluation material for PT. KAI to improve services and facilities according to the characteristics of each class. In this study, primary data collection was conducted using a Google form for passengers of the Ranggajati train in executive class and business class. The data processing and analysis method uses descriptive statistics to get an overview of the characteristics of the Ranggajati train passengers. Subsequently, calculations were done using binary logistic regression of selecting the train class. The result of the research obtained passenggers characteristics are dominated by men, 21-25 years old, work as student, travel neccesities for education, income less than 1.000.000, expenses for transportation 100.000 until 300.000, private vehicle owned motorcycle and car.

Resilience of Participatory Communication Adolescent Community Communities in the Prevention of Child Marriage in Sukabumi

This research has an urgency that participatory communication resilience can be formed in communities with young ages, namely adolescents who are members of adolescent communities. This research focuses on how resilience is formed in adolescent communities to prevent child marriage in Sukabumi Regency to improve the ability of adolescents and advocate for vulnerable peers trapped in child marriage. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach to explore the experiences of adolescent members of 5 regional children's forums in Sukabumi as research subjects who actively participate in the prevention of child marriage through the Yes I Do program. The results showed that participatory communication of child communities in preventing child marriage in formal and informal peers showed the collaboration of child communities with diverse cross-communities (heteroglacia). In addition to heteroglacia, Wabinar Activities are open dialogue and sharing experiences and knowledge with peers (dialogue) Movie watching and business class activities are a process to unite some of the differences that exist into an understanding about the impact of child marriage (polypony). Youth Camp and Watch Together activities filled by the children's community are a form of fun participatory communication (carnival). The children's community builds meaning, persistence, self-confidence, patience, independence or what is referred to as peer resilience with peer education activities. Resilience in adolescents who are vulnerable to being trapped in child marriage is an important period and affects the basis of adulthood, individual changes and life development.

In Re Rohit Arora v. Zomato (P.) Ltd. (CCI Case No. 54 of 2020)

Competition law which is also known as ‘Anti-Trust’ law is comparatively a new set of legislation. It enables corporate laws across the globe and endeavour to protect the interest of consumers as well as small business class and traders. The Competition Act, 2002 [hereafter referred as ‘the Act’] upholds the spirit of Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India under Part IV, Article 39(c) says that the State has to make such an economic policy and principle that the process of the economic system may not yield into concentration of assets as well as means of production to the handful capitalist or industrialist causing common detriment to nation and its economy.

Process of cabin smoke and flame propagation and emergency evacuation characteristics of personnel during sudden fire of Boeing 737

Cabin fires and emergency evacuation of personnel are hot topics in aviation safety. To obtain the characteristics of cabin fires and personnel evacuation, a study is conducted on the Boeing 737, and the results show that after the fire occurs, smoke first spreads towards the top and then rapidly spreads towards both ends of the cabin. The propagation speed of smoke is greater than that of flame, as the spread of flame is limited by the oxygen concentration in the cabin. Although the partition between business class and economy class has a significant obstructive effect on the spread of smoke, the effectiveness of the partition in blocking heat and high temperature transfer is limited. When a fire occurs in the cabin and emergency evacuation is required, it takes 80.5 s to evacuate all personnel when all eight cabin doors are open. But when emergency hatches fail to open, it is not until 164.8 s that all personnel in the cabin are evacuated, mainly because people in the economy class can only be evacuated through the front and rear cabin doors, which reduces the evacuation rate. The research on cabin fire and emergency evacuation of personnel can provide reference for fire monitoring and firefighting rescue.

Health Care & Insurance Sector

Health insurance is an important pathway in order to achieve mass health care facilities of the citizens of our country. The catastrophic effect of health care spending is not limited to the poor, it also impacts all segments of the population. Health insurance not only protects the insured from an unanticipated medical expenditure but also provides individual’s saving and also income tax advantages. Health insurance is now recognized as one of the most emergent health care system in our country. Establishment of IRDA is a giant step to regulate the insurance companies. The Insurance Laws (Amendment) Act 2015 has recognized health insurance as a separate class of business. Hospitals are collaborating with the insurance companies in order to provide medical services for their customers in times of their financial difficulties.

The Influence Of Financial Technology Products, Investment Knowledge, Student Investment Interest And Return On Investment Decisions. Case Study On Students In Sidoarjo Regency, East Java

Investment decisions in personal financial management especially for students is crucial because investment is a process of learning to manage finances, starting now and in the future. Low knowledge about planning an often makes students experience fraud, because offers from investment returns are also very tempting. Based on the phenomenon, this study aims to determine the effect of financial technology, investment literacy, investment interest, and return investment tolerance on investment decisions. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents with the criteria of students at the University of Sidoarjo city in study program, economy & business class. The number of research respondents was 288 students and data management used SmartPLS 3.2.8 analysis techniques. The results of this study state that financial technology, investment literacy, investment interest has a positive and significant effect on investment decisions, while return investment have a insignificant effect on investment decisions of University student University of Sidoarjo city in study program economy & business.

Poetic Baggage: Representations of Camp Followers in the Latin Verse Inscriptions

Each unit of the Roman army constituted a major logistic operation that cannot be reduced to the fighting men who formed their core and purpose. While camp followers are depicted in literary sources especially as an hindrance to war operations, inscriptions provide a different picture of the world that gravitated around the military forts and fortresses. In the military settlements that guarded the limes, the presence of paramilitary and non-military personnel did not represent a burden, but an important part of the military economy, which in some cases even led to the emergence of a new business class. In this paper, we provide an anthology of verse inscriptions dedicated by, or to, camp followers, with a view to showcase how their everyday interactions with the army were conceptualised and verbalised, ultimately contributing to a richer picture of the limes social ecosystem.

How do we reverse the decline in accounting majors?

The accounting profession is an integral part of the business world. With an undergraduate degree in accounting, students have various career paths. In recent years, there has been a decline in the number of students selecting accounting as a major, creating concern and a demand for such students. This study surveyed students enrolled in three different introductory business classes. They were asked to identify what is important to them when selecting a major and whether they can achieve that with an accounting major. Additionally, the students were asked if there are initiatives that can occur in introductory business classes that would make students interested in becoming an accounting major. Findings intimate that a collaborative effort is required between higher education (instructors and institutions) and the profession to improve accounting major enrollment.

A Review on the 3D Cartographic and Spatiotemporal GIS Models for Safety of Accidents in Deep Underground Coal Mines

The aim of this study was the safety risk assessment of accidents that occur because of production dynamics in deep coal mining, one of the highly dangerous business class, with spatiotemporal GIS. In this study, accidents that occur at certain times during production in underground mining workplaces are discussed based on evaluations of spatial and temporal dimensions. Accordingly, various analyses have been handled using criminology science tactics and strategies such as 80–20, kernel density, space–time cube, and hot spot, which have been adapted to GIS tools. Implementations have been realized on 3D underground cartographic models covering accident data from deep coal mine workplaces in the Zonguldak-Kozlu basin in Turkey between 2019 and 2021, at an average elevation of – 400 m. Space–time cube, kernel density, and time series analyses suggest that the Annual Bonus Incentives, which are repeated every year and given before the new year, increase the psychosocial risks for employees. It has been determined that this situation can lead to problems such as poor concentration among miners and loss of focus in some shifts. Additionally, significant relationships were found between the number of accidents and monthly production progress rates as a temporal parameter. The results demonstrate that applying a reactive approach with spatiotemporal GIS to accidents in deep coal mines is becoming increasingly important.

Development of Soft Skills in Teaching English to Agriculture Students

This study investigates the integration of soft skills within English learning experiences for English for Business Class participants, focusing on their relevance to future careers in agriculture. A narrative research design was employed in the study to delve into participants' English learning journeys and identify the most pertinent soft skills cultivated through learning activities. Semi-structured interviews are the primary data collection technique, allowing in-depth exploration of participants' experiences. Language appraisal and emotional geography analyses dissect the narratives and discern the most relevant soft skills for agricultural graduates. The analysis reveals many soft skills, including communication, problem-solving, decision-making, digital literacy, leadership, teamwork, critical and creative thinking, presentation skills, and reflection, all essential for navigating the complexities of agricultural work environments. These findings underscore the importance of integrating soft skills into English language learning curricula, particularly for students pursuing careers in agriculture. The study has implications for updating learning methodologies, refining teaching materials, and designing English learning activities tailored to the specific needs of agricultural professionals

Political vigilantism in Ghana: Motives, membership, and financing

AbstractThis comprehensive study of political vigilantism in Ghana examines the motives, membership, and financing of the phenomenon and proffers solutions to combat it. We use a qualitative methodology of personal interviews with a broad section of Ghanaian political stakeholders totaling 50 participants. This included 30 political vigilante members equally affiliated with the New Patriotic Party and the National Democratic Congress and selected from the vigilante hotbeds of the Northern, Upper East, and Ashanti regions of Ghana. The other political stakeholders total 20 and are made up of: five public political party executives, five civil society members, five police officers, and five local district assembly members. The motives include institutional weakness, winning political power, and economic and group solidarity. Membership involves family and friends, former security personnel, party members, and unemployed youth. Financing emanates from political parties, politicians, and the business class. We argue that patron–clientelism is the driving force behind political vigilantism and recommend more legal accountability for patrons, particularly through constitutional amendments guaranteeing a fixed term for the head of the police and separating the roles of Attorney General and Minister of Justice. This is to ensure that the former can impartially prosecute vigilante patrons. Punitive financial measures are also recommended to deter patrons, backed by sustained public education and more employment opportunities for the masses of unemployed youth—the bedrock of political vigilantism.Related ArticlesAkwei, Cynthia, Isaac S. Damoah, and Joseph Amankwah‐Amoah. 2020. “The Effects of Politics on the Implementation of Government Programs/Projects: Insights from a Developing Economy.” Politics & Policy 48(6): 1161–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12384.Asiegbu, Martin F., Okey Marcellus Ikeanyibe, Pius Otu Abang, Okwudili Chukwuma Nwosu, and Chuka Eugene Ugwu. 2024. “Natural Resource Fund Governance and the Institutionalization of Rent Seeking in Nigeria's Oil Sector.” Politics & Policy 52(1): Early View. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12579.Debrah, Emmanuel. 2016. “Decentralization, District Chief Executives, and District Assemblies in Ghana's Fourth Republic.” Politics & Policy 44 (1): 135–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12146.

An experimental study for identifying customer prominent viewpoints on different flight classes by topic modeling methods

The airline industry has a wide range of customers with different tastes and expectations of airline services. Therefore, knowing the different attitudes of customers and consequently addressing their opinions is paramount in this business. Airlines offer different flight classes to customers to provide passenger transportation services and use different methods to evaluate customer satisfaction. One of the methods used to analyze customer opinions is the use of text analysis with machine learning techniques. In this study, to analyze the textual data, we used topic modeling to identify passengers' attitudes. In the first stage, we evaluated the performance of three different topic modeling methods: Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP), and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). As a result of the modeling process, LDA had the best performance with an average coherence value of 0.42. Eventually, after determining the optimum number of topics as 10 topics, the prominent topics were interpreted and explained. The results of this study demonstrate the common and distinct attitudes of customers of economy class, business class, and first class. As appeared in the results of the economy flight class, the most important topic that appeared in comments was "passenger care". However, in whole reviews and reviews of business and first flight classes, the topic of "time" was more repetitive. Given the wide application of the presented methodology, the findings of this research can provide airline managers with a broader insight into passenger preferences and guide them on how to provide quality service for their customers.

ADAPTASI MSLQ UNTUK KESUKSESAN MAHASISWA: EKSPLORASI FAKTOR MOTIVASI BELAJAR DI FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS BUDI LUHUR

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence Student Learning Motivation. Data collection using online forms with the Census method and the analysis method used is Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with a Research Sample of 238 Students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Class of 2023. Based on the results of this study, 10 factors were obtained that influence student learning motivation, self-confidence factors, self-doubt factors, Intrinsic Motivation, Academic Motivation or Motivation to Learn, Emotions Related to Academic Achievement, Confidence in Academic Ability, Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation factors, Self-Confidence in Learning Ability, Knowledge Transfer Confidence. Confidence in Learning Ability. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that there are 10 factors out of 31 indicators that motivate student learning. Factors that influence students' learning motivation are self-confidence factors, self-doubt factors, Intrinsic Motivation, Academic Motivation or Motivation to Learn, Emotions Related to Academic Achievement, Confidence in Academic Ability factors, Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation factors, Self-Confidence in Learning Ability, Confidence Knowledge Transferability. Confidence in Learning Ability.

More than Money: Political Participation by Elite Business Families

Business families directly participating in political roles have considerable influence in various countries. We explore political business families’ unique economic and social characteristics through a social embeddedness lens. We build a comprehensive dataset of Chilean business families and identify their direct political participation from 1989 to 2020. We find limited support for economic features tied to political participation, whereas social characteristics, such as nationally rooted origins, religious affiliations, and family generation, are shared features of political business families. We extend the literature by analyzing how business families with greater social embeddedness act as legitimate representatives of the big business class in the state.

Becoming “business class”: educated youth and Pentecostal change in eastern Uganda

ABSTRACT Our paper looks at the lives of educated young men in a Pentecostal church in eastern Uganda. The way young men conduct themselves, how they dress, how they speak in church, whether or not they are good with technology, help to define their claims to an educated identity. Youth leaders are valued for the liveliness they bring to church, for the ways they innovate in areas of praise and worship. At the same time, they are often criticised for the way they orient schemes and initiatives to their own advantage, for not being transparent and for ‘confusing’ others. We adapt Henrik Vigh’s concept of social navigation to show how educated young men become ‘political navigators’ in church. They mix ambitions for personal growth with their contributions to a modern, lively and dynamic church, and in so doing help to make it more ‘business class’.

Types of residential buildings and their influence on the class of housing and on the formation of a comfortable urban residential environment

The article touches upon the problem of creating a comfortable, convenient urban living environment by incorporating into the structure of urban development space-planning solutions for residential buildings and complexes that are new to Russian conditions, including multifunctional ones with a rich social infrastructure. The active introduction of residential buildings and serviced residential complexes into the living environment forms the modern level of the living environment, improves the quality and comfort of living by including the required number of service elements in their space-planning structure. It is noted that the most rational placement of service elements is their integration into stylobate parts, as well as into the first and underground floors of residential buildings or complexes. Buildings and complexes that differ in the degree of saturation with service elements form new approaches to solving problems associated with both the development and classification of a “housing class” and the creation of a comfortable, convenient, high-quality urban residential environment. When developing and determining the “housing class”, it is proposed to take into account the influence of the main space-planning elements at the level of an apartment, floor, section, building or complex, courtyard space and residential area as a whole as the main factors forming the “standard class”, “comfort class”, “business class” and “elite class”.