Service Bus Research Articles

A Software Architecture Model to Manage Heterogeneous Data using Edge Computing in 5G Environment

With the improvement of 5G communication service, the need for edge computing has become more apparent. The Mobile Edge Computing service (MEC) has become one of the best solutions for mobile User Equipment (UE) data processing. MEC provides more context-aware local processing of UE's data. Meanwhile, the MEC needs to manage the heterogeneous nature of UEs and the type of data format they provide. Therefore, a Heterogeneous Data Service Bus is developed to manage different types of data formats and organize them in efficient manner. We propose a software architecture model to address the management of data heterogeneity within computing edges. The architecture discussion showcases its applicability and proper handling of heterogeneous data in the Edge Computing Environment.

Improving the efficiency of resource allocation in educational content delivery networks using the 1C:ESB integration bus

Learning Management Systems (LMS) play a key role in the educational process by providing students with various educational content and instructors with tools to monitor student knowledge and assess progress. However, as the number of students increases, the load on data transmission channels increases, which can lead to a decrease in the quality of learning. To solve this problem, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) are used to speed up the loading of websites and reduce the load on servers. CDN ensure the availability and security of websites and improve their scalability (resistance to smooth load growth) by distributing content across a network of servers around the world, allowing users to access content faster and more efficiently.Integration data exchange bus (Enterprise Service Bus, ESB) can be an effective tool for optimizing CDN content distribution algorithm. It allows integration of different systems and applications, enabling data exchange between them. This is particularly useful in the context of distance learning, which requires fast and reliable delivery of educational content, feedback, learning analytics, etc. Implementing an integration bus of data exchange with LMS-based distance learning system can be a key factor in ensuring an efficient and quality educational process. The article considers the properties and characteristics of the integration bus and justifies the use of the integration bus to optimize the algorithm of CDN content distribution, in particular in LMS.

Plan Your System and Price for Free: Fast Algorithms for Multimodal Transit Operations

We study the problem of jointly pricing and designing a smart transit system, where a transit agency (the platform) controls a fleet of demand-responsive vehicles (cars) and a fixed line service (buses). The platform offers commuters a menu of options (modes) to travel between origin and destination (e.g., direct car trip, a bus ride, or a combination of the two), and commuters make a utility-maximizing choice within this menu, given the price of each mode. The goal of the platform is to determine an optimal set of modes to display to commuters, prices for these modes, and the design of the transit network in order to maximize the social welfare of the system. In this work, we tackle the commuter choice aspect of this problem, traditionally approached via computationally intensive bilevel programming techniques. In particular, we develop a framework that efficiently decouples the pricing and network design problem: Given an efficient (approximation) algorithm for centralized network design without prices, there exists an efficient (approximation) algorithm for decentralized network design with prices and commuter choice. We demonstrate the practicality of our framework via extensive numerical experiments on a real-world data set. We moreover explore the dependence of metrics such as welfare, revenue, and mode usage on (i) transfer costs and (ii) cost of contracting with on-demand service providers and exhibit the welfare gains of a fully integrated mobility system. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Awards CMMI-2308750, CNS-1952011, and CMMI-2144127]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0452 .

Developing Scalable APIs for Data Synchronization in Salesforce Environments

In the modern business landscape, Salesforce has become an essential platform for managing customer relationships, driving sales, and fostering business growth. However, as organizations grow and their data volumes increase, the need for efficient and scalable data synchronization across various systems becomes paramount. Developing scalable APIs for data synchronization in Salesforce environments presents a significant challenge due to the complexity of integrating multiple data sources, ensuring real-time updates, and maintaining data integrity across diverse systems. This paper explores the design and implementation of scalable APIs specifically tailored for data synchronization within Salesforce environments. It delves into the architectural considerations necessary for creating robust, high-performance APIs capable of handling large volumes of data while ensuring consistency and reliability. The discussion begins with an overview of Salesforce’s ecosystem, highlighting the importance of data synchronization in maintaining seamless operations across various departments and systems. A critical component of this study is the examination of different API design patterns that support scalability, such as RESTful services, GraphQL, and event-driven architectures. Each approach is analyzed for its suitability in handling the unique challenges of Salesforce data synchronization, such as managing API limits, optimizing data transfer, and ensuring that data synchronization processes do not disrupt ongoing business activities. The paper also explores the role of middleware solutions, like Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and API gateways, in facilitating seamless data flow between Salesforce and other systems.

Communication method of distribution network geographic information system

A communication method and system between the distribution network planning system and the grid geographic information system. After the change of the grid structure, the grid equipment change information is generated with the grid equipment as the unit. The production control region information structure is used to encapsulate the grid equipment change information, obtain the equipment change bus message, and send the equipment change bus message to the production control region service bus, This enables the distribution network planning system to receive equipment change bus messages from the production control area service bus, so that the distribution network planning system can directly communicate with the grid geographic information system.

Control System Design

There are a number of tasks in the modern world related to the control and management of the product life cycle in industries, that are solved using PLM systems. The PLM systems consist of several systems or modules connected by a enterprise service bus. The ESB allows interaction between modules, including data exchange. However, the enterprise could implement a business process using its own information system, and it is necessary to solve the problem of smooth implementation of the PLM system and it’s use with the organization's one. This paper considers an approach based on using an adapter mechanism that contains not only an interface for interacting with an information system, but also implements control logic, that generates the patterns of system behavior as output data obtained using the data-driven control approach. The purpose of the article is to model the control system for integration with the PLM system. The general visions of the chalengies, the methods are used to build the adapter, the adapter’s space in the PLM are considered, the proposed approach and the further research notes are described.

Effective integration of low-cost digital manufacturing systems: a reference architecture driven approach

ABSTRACT Integration involves the systematic linking of system components, functions and solutions. For digital systems comprising low-cost components, integration enables the sharing of resources and allows them to benefit from each others functionalities. However, in general integrating low-cost systems can be difficult, since data are heterogeneous and distributed over multiple sources and there is no common interface to interact with resources. This study proposes the use of reference architectures as a means of supporting such integration needs. Reference architectures are models that provide a structured template with common terminology and support integration through a systematic, repeatable framework. In this paper, we evaluate strategies to integrate digital systems formed from the same reference architecture. We first select three reference architectures and use them to conceptually design the integration of two low-cost digital systems based on different strategies. Then, the conceptually designed strategies are evaluated in terms of their effectiveness to be realised at low cost. Finally, the most effective strategy is deployed for an industrially relevant application, and validated by comparing its effectiveness to a system architecture driven integration. The evaluation results suggest that coordinators with a common service bus and virtual data integration are effective for integrating low-cost digital systems.

Development of Ward Visitor Management System in the COVID-19 Epidemic.

The purpose of this study was to design, develop, and deploy a visitor management system (VMS) to effectively manage visitors during COVID-19. The VMS was designed using the User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology. The iterative process of UCD includes 3 interviews and 5 usability tests and cognitive walkthrough cycles. This system comprised six parts: the WEB server provides visit scheduling service; the database server stores visit data and provides visit data services; the mobile application server provides security checks and scanning services; the electronic medical record (EMR) server provides ward data service; the Internet application gateway provides health code data service and exchanges health code data with the Sichuan Tianfu Health Code platform, and the service bus enables the centralized exchange and integration of visit data. The visit management system optimizes the workflow of ward visitors, improves staff productivity, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.

Analisis Tarif Transportasi Publik: Studi Kasus Bus Trans Metro Dewata Bali Dengan Memperhitungkan Biaya Operasi Kendaraan, Ability To Pay, dan Willingness To Pay

One of the transportation tools used in Bali is a bus fleet called Trans Metro Dewata (TMD) Bali. TMD Bali bus is one of the public transportation that has various destinations, where one of themajors is in Corridor 1, Central Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan. TMD Bali bus corridor 1 has aroute of Central Parking Kuta-Terminal Tegal- Terminal Mengwi- Terminal Pesiapan. Trans MetroDewata Bus Public Transportation is a link between the Kuta Central Parking area - TerminalPesiapan which is an area of the Tabanan City area that connects the Kuta tourist area andthetrade center which is one of the centers of tourism activities, and vice versa. Currently, thenumber of buses operating is a total of 105 buses of which 95 buses are used for operationalpurposes while the rest are for reserves, with a fare of IDR 4400 for the standard fare fromKutaCentral Parking Lot - Terminal Pesiapan. Operational activities of the Bali Trans Metro DewataBuspublic transport company began to develop well because previously the TMD Bali bus farewasfree, but since October 31, 2022 began to be charged. The tariff is in return for the servicesreceived by users to cover all vehicle operating costs and a decent profit for the operator. Formulation of Bus public transport tariffs in addition to paying attention to the operating costs of the vehicle but also must pay attention to the purchasing power or ability to pay of service users(Ability To Pay) as well as the perception of users of public transport services Bus Corridor 1Central Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan (Willingnes To Pay).The results showed that the current tariff of public transportation bus Sentral Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan which is Rp 4,400.00isnot in accordance with the Ability to Pay and Willingness to Pay passengers of publictransportation bus Sentral Parking Kuta-Terminal Pesiapan. The tariff that is in accordancewiththe Ability to Pay and Willingness to Pay passengers of public transportation bus Sentral Parkingkuta-Terminal Pesiapan based on the results of the calculation is Rp 4,000.00.

System Architecture for IT Talent Ecosystem Using Service Oriented Approach

The purpose of this research is to propose a System Architecture to facilitate the IT Talent ecosystem using a service-oriented approach. The need for this is important to support digital transformation in the IT Talent ecosystem. Human resources in the IT field are one of the key factors in implementing IT in organizations. However, the availability of IT human resources has not been able to meet the needs and challenges of the organization in synergizing IT and business. Meanwhile, on the other hand, the qualifications of IT human resources do not meet the existing competency standards. In this research, we use a service-oriented system development method. It consists of three stages, such as (1). Analysis and Observation, (2). Analysis from an in-depth interview, and (3) System Architecture Design, which includes Analysis Features of the Systems, Service Analysis and Identification, Specification of Architecture, and Layering. The novelty and findings of this research are a system architecture, which is called a middleware architecture, that can bridge entities in the IT Talent ecosystem to provide and use services to each other for support collaboration. In this study, we proposed a system architecture that acts as middleware to support collaboration and integration in the IT Talent ecosystem. We proposed TALENT-IT, which acts as a service bus mechanism. We used a service-oriented approach to develop this platform. The results of this study are: list of features, list of services, SOA layer, SOA architecture, and monetization feasibility and challenges. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-04-03 Full Text: PDF

Upgrading Pembuatan Laporan Keuangan dengan Sistem Enterprise Service Bus pada Seven Retail Group

Potential weaknesses faced by the company. So it is necessary to consider the aspects of process inefficiency, risk of work errors, delays in information, lack of transparency, high operational costs, vulnerability to data loss and difficulties in monitoring performance. In the current era of globalization and digitization, companies face pressure to increase operational efficiency and accountability in presenting financial information. By using the PALS (Pasticipatory Action Learning System) method, where this method basically involves accounting staff in the process of upgrading the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) system from 30 accounting staff and 5 staff will be taken for the interview sample in this research. From the problems currently faced by companies in managing financial reports, they have not been able to carry out systematic recording. With better data integration using ESB, a company's various systems and applications can be connected and communicate well. In real-time reporting compared to manual (conventional) recording which requires processing time, ESB allows for better real-time financial reports.

Analisis Faktor-faktor Pelayanan Trans Jogja Berdasarkan Persepsi Pengguna Sepeda Motor

In 2021, the population of motorized vehicles in DIY reached 3 million units of which 85% were motorcycles. The growth in the number of motorized vehicles results in increased congestion, pollution, and traffic accidents. To overcome transportation problems in Yogyakarta, in 2008 the government operated BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) based public transportation, Trans Jogja. However, various studies have shown that the load factor of Trans Jogja is very low. This study was conducted to see the characteristics of motorcyclist and latent factors of public transportation services that are prioritized by motorcycle users to switch modes to Trans Jogja.
 Primary data was obtained online and offline from 455 motorcycle users by answering a research questionnaire consisting of four sections, namely sociodemographic characteristics, travel characteristics and service factors that are prioritized to switch to Trans Jogja. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive methods, crosstab and factor analysis with SPSS.
 The results of the crosstab analysis show that the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents that correlate with the number of motorcycle ownership are age, income, pocket money, number of family members.Based on the factor analysis of public transport services prioritized by motorcycle users to switch to Trans Jogja, 4 latent factors were obtained, namely Trans Jogja service performance, transit experience, bus facilities and fees and parking.
 
 Keywords: Motorcycle, Trans Jogja, mode shift, factor analysis

A Comprehensive Study of Azure Functions: Features, Architectures, Use Case and Functionality

Azure Function is a service available on cloud, offered by Microsoft Azure. It allows you to build and run event-driven applications without having to manage infrastructure. The code can be developed in any programming language. Functions in Azure are triggered by events. These events can come from various sources such as HTTP requests, message queues (e.g., Azure Queue Storage, Azure Service Bus), timers, blob storage changes, and more. This paper provides an introduction of how Azure Function works in Azure cloud.

Dynamic Canonical Data Model: An Architecture Proposal for the External and Data Loose Coupling for the Integration of Software Units

Integrating third-party and legacy systems has become a critical necessity for companies, driven by the need to exchange information with various entities such as banks, suppliers, customers, and partners. Ensuring data integrity, keeping integrations up-to-date, reducing transaction risks, and preventing data loss are all vital aspects of this complex task. Achieving success in this endeavor, which involves both technological and business challenges, necessitates the implementation of a well-suited architecture. This article introduces an architecture known as the Dynamic Canonical Data Model through Agnostic Messages. The proposal addresses the integration of loosely coupled software units, mainly when dealing with internal and external data integration. To illustrate the architecture’s components, a case study from the Mexican Logistics Company Paquetexpress is presented. This organization manages integrations across several platforms, including SalesForce and Oracle ERP, with clients like Amazon, Mercado Libre, Grainger, and Afull. Each of these incurs costs ranging from USD 30,000 to USD 36,000, with consultants from firms such as Quanam, K&F, TSOL, and TekSi playing a crucial role in their execution. This consumes much time, making maintenance costs considerably high when clients request data transmission or type changes, particularly when utilizing tools like Oracle Integration Cloud (OIC) or Oracle Service Bus (OSB). The article provides insights into the architecture’s design and implementation in a real-world scenario within the delivery company. The proposed architecture significantly reduces integration and maintenance times and costs while maximizing scalability and encouraging the reuse of components. The source code for this implementation has been registered in the National Registry of Copyrights in Mexico.

Employee Education and Training Recommendations using the Apriori Algorithm

The Ministry of Finance (MoF) aims to enhance employee performance through suitable education and training opportunities. Based on the data on the implementation of education and training in 2022 in the MoF Central ICT Department, only 27.35% of the employees participated in education and training according to the proposed needs for both positions and individuals. This is partly due to mandatory training that must be attended by some or all employees, urgent needs in the current year, or substitute participants who are not from the same team or function. To address this issue, the association method of data mining techniques can be utilized to analyze historical data of employees. The study used the a priori algorithm to analyze historical data on employee positions, organizations, and education and training from 2011 to 2021. This research involved comparing various minimum support values, assuming that employees attended at least 2, 3, and 4 training courses, to calculate the corresponding minimum support values. The evaluation results of the model show that the best rules are generated with a minimum support value of 0.013 and a minimum confidence value of 0.6, which is a total of 10 rules. One of the training recommendations is that if an employee has taken the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)-API Management training, they will take the ESB API Integration Platform training. Furthermore, it can be used by the Human Resources Unit to provide education and training aligned with organizational needs and improve employee competency in line with their duties and functions, leading to better overall organizational performance.

Data Interoperability Model in Integrated Public Service Applications Based on Government Service Bus (Case Study: Tangerang Regency Communication and Information Office)

The Tangerang Regency Government, as part of its digital transformation efforts, has been working to enhance public services through the development and implementation of e-Government initiatives. This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of data interoperability service modeling in e-Government applications based on Web Services using the Government Service Bus (GSB). The study will address the advantages and challenges associated with using the Government Service Bus, and provide practical recommendations for implementing the Government Service Bus as an effective application integration solution. COBIT 2019 is used as an assessment tool for the current condition. The research results reveal that a total of 138 applications have been identified, with 74 of them being public service applications. While 80% of the public service sector has been incorporated into integrated public service applications, their utilization remains limited. The current capability level of APO11 is at level 1, with an expected level of 2. Similarly, APO14 is at level 1, expected to reach level 2, and MEA01 is at level 0, with an expected level of 2. The author has proposed a data interoperability model that can be implemented within the Tangerang Regency Communication and Information Office, utilizing GSB as the middleware for interoperability processes, particularly for public service applications. Based on the proposed data interoperability model, the author also concludes that with its implementation, the Communication and Information Office will be able to address a significant portion of the technical recommendations derived from the gap analysis, although not necessarily all of them.

Integrated optimization of timetable, bus formation, and vehicle scheduling in autonomous modular public transport systems

This paper presents a joint optimization of the timetable, bus formation, and vehicle scheduling in a flexible public transport (PT) system that utilizes autonomous modular vehicles (AMVs). In this system, AMVs have the capability to detach or join with each other at intermediate stops along the route to dynamically adjust the bus formation (capacity). To increase vehicle utilization, a flexible scheduling strategy is proposed that allows AMVs to detach from one modular bus and join another modular bus in either direction of a bidirectional line. In particular, the penalty cost for each detachment or joining operation, as well as the limited number of available AMVs is explicitly considered. We formulate a unified model for the integrated optimization of the modular bus service (timetable and bus formation) and vehicle scheduling by introducing two types of decision variables. The objective is to minimize overall system costs, including passenger waiting time cost, operational costs, and detachment/joining penalty costs. The two types of decision variables are coupled by a vehicle resource consistency constraint, ensuring the conformity of the modular bus service and vehicle scheduling decisions. To tackle the complexity of our model, the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is employed to decompose it into two subproblems, which can be efficiently solved using a customized forward dynamic programming algorithm and a commercial solver. The model is validated using illustrative examples and a real-world instance from the Beijing Public Transport system, and it is compared with two benchmark models. Our results demonstrate the efficiency of the ADMM-based solution framework for solving the integrated optimization model. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the use of AMVs in PT systems can lead to reduced overall system costs and increased vehicle utilization.

Does the squeaky wheel get the complaint? Linking bus performance, sociodemographic characteristics, and customer comments

Public transit agencies rely on service operations performance measures to guide service improvement efforts. They also collect customer feedback on performance to measure levels of satisfaction among users. Connecting these two performance measures can help public transport agencies increase ridership satisfaction and loyalty. In this study, we link service performance measures obtained from automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) with customer complaints. This is done while controlling for the amount of ridership to understand if routes with worse service performance, as identified by operations measures, also have more service complaints. We also investigated if an area’s level of affluence affects the number of service complaints per rider that the route receives while controlling for route service performance and ridership. The AVL/APC and customer-feedback data were provided by Portland, Oregon’s TriMet transport agency for the period between August 2018 and January 2019. Descriptive statistics at the route level and a series of mixed-effect multilevel logistic regression models were used to quantify the relationship between route service performance, service complaints, and a service-area vulnerability index, at the route-day level. The likelihood of receiving a service complaint for a route in a day was found to increase based on service performance and the vulnerability of the neighborhood being served by that route, all else held equal. Findings from this research unmask the relationship between service complaints, bus operations and socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood a route is serving, offering insights to transport planners and researchers in the psychology behind bus performance complaints.

Design and Development of Integrated Platform for Automobile Sales Model under the Background of Big Data

Based on the integration of the big data background and the exploration of related technologies in the enterprise service bus, this article focuses on the management strategy of auto parts, carries out theoretical analysis on parts classification, parts demand forecast, parts inventory control, and combines the characteristics of the auto parts industry. Research. At the same time, combined with the demand analysis of the actual business process of the car dealer, the car dealer business system based on the SOA integrated platform is designed. In the system design stage, the current more popular model-view-controller (MVC) three-tier design pattern is adopted to better focus on the hierarchical development of each level.

Practical Application of Drive-By Monitoring Technology to Road Roughness Estimation Using Buses in Service.

The efficiency of vehicles and travel comfort are maintained by the effective management of road pavement conditions. Pavement conditions can be inspected at a low cost by drive-by monitoring technology. Drive-by monitoring technology is a method of collecting data from sensors installed on a running vehicle. This technique enables quick and low-cost inspections. However, most existing technologies assume that the vehicle runs at a constant speed. Therefore, this study devises a theoretical framework that estimates road unevenness without prior information about the vehicle's mechanical parameters even when the running speed changes. This paper also shows the required function of sensors for this scheme. The required ability is to collect the three-axis acceleration vibration and position data simultaneously. A field experiment was performed to examine the applicability of sensors with both functions to the proposed methods. Each sensor was installed on a bus in service in this field experiment. The vehicle's natural frequency estimated from the measured data ranges from 1 to 2 Hz, but the natural frequency estimated by the proposed method is 0.71 Hz. However, the estimated road unevenness does not change significantly with changes in the vehicle's estimated parameters. The results found that the accuracy of road unevenness estimation seems to be acceptable with the conventional method and the new method. Future work will include improving the algorithm and accuracy verification of the schemes.