Burst Tests Research Articles

Consequence of high-pressure CO2 pipeline failure: Full-scale burst test and numerical simulation

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a widely acknowledged technique for mitigating global warming. High-pressure pipelines emerge as the most efficient and economical means to transport Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from source to storage sites. Given the hazardous nature of CO2 and the potential for catastrophic consequences in an unplanned release, ensuring safe operation of CO2 pipelines is paramount. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the potential consequences of CO2 pipeline failures. This paper presents experimental measurements of CO2 dispersion profiles following a full-scale burst test, simulating a real-world CO2 pipeline failure scenario. The experimental setup comprised an 82.7 m buried pipeline test section with a diameter of 324 mm, connected at both ends to 60 m reservoirs. The rupture of the pipeline was initiated at the middle of the test section using an explosive charge. Measurements were carried out for the transient downwind CO2 concentrations and temperatures following the explosive release. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models employing proposed numerical methods were used to simulate the experimental scenario. The performance of these methods was validated through comparisons with experimental measurements. The validated numerical methods were then employed to predict consequence distances for full-scale CO2 pipeline failures in real-world scenarios.

A burst capacity model for pipelines containing pinhole-in-corrosion defects

This study develops a practical burst capacity model for oil and gas pipelines containing pinhole-in-corrosion (PIC) defects based on results of extensive parametric three-dimensional finite element analyses (FEA) that are validated by full-scale burst tests of corroded pipe specimens reported in the literature. The PIC defect considered in this study contains a cylindrical-shaped pinhole located inside a cuboidal-shaped general corrosion. The proposed model takes the form of the well-known PCORRC model for the burst capacity of the general corrosion plus a correction term taking into account the impact of the pinhole, whereby the correction term is evaluated as a function of the depth and length of the general corrosion as well as the depth and relative position of the pinhole using the Gaussian process regression based on the results of parametric FEA. The accuracy of the proposed PIC model is demonstrated using 16 FEA cases and shown to be higher than that of the well-known RSTRENG model and a burst capacity model for complex-shaped corrosion defects reported in the recent literature.

Structural integrity assessment of pipe elbows: Burst test and finite element analysis

In this study, the failure pressures of pipe elbows were compared with those predicted using Level 3 numerical assessment method (Finite Element Method). Four 90-degree pipes elbows representing a pristine pipe, a pipe with a single corrosion defect, a pipe with longitudinally aligned interacting defects, and a pipe with a circumferentially aligned interacting defects, were subjected to internal pressure based on the ASME B31.3–2012 Burst Test standard until failure. The Sch-80 pipes were made of ASTM A234 WPB steel with a wall thickness and bending radius of 12.7 mm and 305 mm respectively. The corrosion defects were simulated on the exterior surface of the pipe elbows using computer numerical control (CNC) machine to generate a machined version of the corrosion defect. The results revealed that corrosion defects significantly reduce the burst pressure of pipe elbows, with longitudinally aligned interacting defects causing the largest reduction of 20.9 % compared to pristine pipe. The comparison between the Level 3 numerical assessment method and burst test showed close agreement with a maximum difference of 4.79 %, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the numerical method.

Text-Guided Multi-Class Multi-Object Tracking for Fine-Grained Maritime Rescue

The rapid development of remote sensing technology has provided new sources of data for marine rescue and has made it possible to find and track survivors. Due to the requirement of tracking multiple survivors at the same time, multi-object tracking (MOT) has become the key subtask of marine rescue. However, there exists a significant gap between fine-grained objects in realistic marine rescue remote sensing data and the fine-grained object tracking capability of existing MOT technologies, which mainly focuses on coarse-grained object scenarios and fails to track fine-grained instances. Such a gap limits the practical application of MOT in realistic marine rescue remote sensing data, especially when rescue forces are limited. Given the promising fine-grained classification performance of recent text-guided methods, we delve into leveraging labels and attributes to narrow the gap between MOT and fine-grained maritime rescue. We propose a text-guided multi-class multi-object tracking (TG-MCMOT) method. To handle the problem raised by fine-grained classes, we design a multi-modal encoder by aligning external textual information with visual inputs. We use decoding information at different levels, simultaneously predicting the category, location, and identity embedding features of objects. Meanwhile, to improve the performance of small object detection, we also develop a data augmentation pipeline to generate pseudo-near-infrared images based on RGB images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our TG-MCMOT not only performs well on typical metrics in the maritime rescue task (SeaDronesSee dataset), but it also effectively tracks open-set categories on the BURST dataset. Specifically, on the SeaDronesSee dataset, the Higher Order Tracking Accuracy (HOTA) reached a score of 58.8, and on the BURST test dataset, the HOTA score for the unknown class improved by 16.07 points.

Strength Performance Evaluations of Vehicle Cylindrical LPG Tanks

This study aims to examine and compare the strength performances of vehicle cylindrical liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks produced and used in Turkey, taking into account European and Turkish Standards. The LPG tanks were subjected to burst and fatigue tests to explore their burst pressures and fatigue performances using both experimental and computer aided techniques. To investigate the strength of the tanks, a universal test bench was developed and calibrated for use in both burst and fatigue tests. The obtained experimental results in terms of burst and fatigue failure locations for each brand of tank are compared with the results obtained using finite element based simulations. Visual solid models in 3D were drawn in SolidWorks and then ANSYS software was used to perform Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations on those LPG cylinders to obtain the results, such as stresses, deformations, burst and fatigue failure locations. As a result of this comparison, it has been observed that some brands of cylindrical LPG tanks are more durable and safe for use in vehicles. Since the same standard requirements and the same commercial material are used in LPG tank production, it is revealed that some companies need to reconsider their design, manufacturing and especially welding processes. The results of this independent and objective study can also be used as a warning for LPG tank manufacturers and as a guide for their customers in choosing a safe product.

Modeling of the damage and fracture behaviors of a SiC triplex tube during the burst test with elastomeric insert

The Silicon Carbide (SiC) triplex cladding tube has been regarded as one of the leading structures for the next-generation light water reactors, because of its larger safety margins under beyond-design basis transient conditions. In this study, a numerical simulation method is developed to reproduce the damage and fracture behaviors of a nuclear-grade SiC triplex cladding tube during the burst test. Especially, a three-dimensional continuum damage mechanics based (CDM-based) constitutive model is developed and validated for the SiCf/SiC composites, with the predictions agreeing well with the experimental data under different loading conditions. By introducing cohesive surfaces in the monolithic layers of a SiC triplex tube, cracking of the monolithic layers and the subsequent local damage behaviors within the SiCf/SiC composite layer are captured. The local tensile strength of ∼402 MPa is identified for the monolithic layers, corresponding to the first load drop during the burst test. The simulation results indicate that cracking of the monolithic layers leads to sharp increases in the locally enhanced hoop stresses and damage factors for the SiCf/SiC composite layer, with slight influences on the field variables far away from the main crack; after the fast increase the evolution velocity of local damage factors slows down, reflecting the toughening effects of SiCf/SiC composite. An assessment strategy for the gas leak tightness and structural integrity of the SiC triplex cladding during the accident sceneries is proposed to predict failure of the SiCf/SiC composites with the critical damage factor, and it is necessary to simulate the damage and fracture behaviors in the multi-layer models with the cracking process of monolithic layers involved.

Impact of stacking sequence on burst pressure in glass/epoxy Type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessels for CNG storage

The shift from metallic to composite pressure vessels for storing compressed natural gas (CNG) is driven by the goal of reducing environmental impact by using lighter higher-performing structures. This work focuses on enhancing the internal pressure strength of a type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) by optimising the stacking sequence of the overwrapping composite layers. Parametric finite element (FE) models are developed to reveal symmetry effects. In these models, both the thickness build-up and fibre angle variation at the turnaround zones are accurately modelled. Subsequently, the stacking sequence is optimised with the objective function of maximising burst strength. The parametric modelling demonstrates that representing the COPV as an axisymmetric continuum reduces computational costs in 5400× while yielding results comparable to full 3D continuum models. Experimental burst tests are carried out to validate the numerical predictions, and the difference in pressure between them is 12.6 %.

Burst failure analysis of PVC-UH pipes with axial surface crack based on multiple methodologies

High-performance unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-UH) offers superior strength and performance compared to PVC, making it a common choice for municipal water supply pipelines. Cracks in PVC-UH pipes are challenging to prevent throughout the entire production and maintenance process. Precise and applicable failure assessment and residual bearing capacity calculation methodology are crucial for ensuring the safe operation and maintenance of PVC-UH municipal water supply pipes. To this end, this paper conducted material uniaxial tensile tests, fracture toughness tests, and pipe burst tests. The study determined the true stress–strain relationship, fracture toughness, burst pressure, and fracture morphology of PVC-UH pipes through testing. Failure pressures of cracked PVC-UH pipes were forecasted using different methodologies, and their accuracy and applicability were evaluated by comparing predicted values with the results of bursting tests. Two calculation methods for determining the failure pressure of pipelines with an axial outer surface crack are proposed based on plastic deformation, damage factor, and fracture mechanics theory. These proposed calculation methods are compared against current methods for determining the failure pressure of pipelines with crack defects, highlighting the higher accuracy of the methods introduced in this paper. The research results can serve as a reference for selecting failure assessment methods for PVC-UH pipelines. Additionally, the proposed calculation methods can accurately and rapidly predict the failure pressure of pipelines with identified axial surface crack sizes, providing technical support for engineering safety assessments of PVC-UH pipelines.

Comparison of post-impact residual strength ratio between hybrid filament-wound cylinder and hybrid plate specimen

The filament-wound (FW) cylinders possess numerous benefits as a high-pressure storage device but are susceptible to impact loads. The presence of post-impact residual strength in an operating FW cylinder has the potential to accelerate the onset of failure. Ensuring the structural integrity and safety of the equipment requires thorough impact testing, which can be expensive and time-consuming, resulting in limited use. This article presents an innovative and cost-effective approach for conducting low-velocity impact testing on a hybrid Al/CFRP filament-wound cylinder by utilizing a simple hybrid Al/CFRP plate specimen. The main focus is to conduct low-velocity impact testing on both types of specimens, followed by post-damage testing that includes tensile tests on the hybrid plate specimen and burst tests on the FW cylinder. The results of laboratory experiments were compared to explicit and implicit numerical models conducted in a broad spectrum of impact energy range and found to be consistent. Using a parameter known as the post-impact residual strength ratio, it is possible to determine the expected impact loading conditions on the hybrid plate specimen that are equivalent to those experienced by the FW-cylinder. This low-cost impact testing method offers a practical and feasible solution to ensure the dependability and safety of FW cylinders throughout their operational lifespan.

Triaxiality and Plastic-Strain-Dependent Proposed PEAK Parameter for Predicting Crack Formation in Polypropylene Polymer Reservoir Subjected to Pressure Load.

This article raises the topic of the critical examination of polypropylene, a key polymeric material, and its extensive application within the automotive industry, particularly focusing on the manufacturing of brake fluid reservoirs. This study aims to enhance the understanding of polypropylene's behavior under mechanical stresses through a series of laboratory destruction tests and numerical simulations, emphasizing the finite element method (FEM). A novel aspect of this research is the introduction of the PEAK parameter, a groundbreaking approach designed to assess the material's resilience against varying states of strain, known as triaxiality. This parameter facilitates the identification of critical areas prone to crack initiation, thereby enabling the optimization of component design with a minimized safety margin, which is crucial for cost-effective production. The methodology involves conducting burst tests to locate crack initiation sites, followed by FEM simulations to determine the PEAK threshold value for the Sabic 83MF10 polypropylene material. The study successfully validates the predictive capability of the PEAK parameter, demonstrating a high correlation between simulated results and actual laboratory tests. This validation underscores the potential of the PEAK parameter as a predictive tool for enhancing the reliability and safety of polypropylene automotive components. The research presented in this article contributes significantly to the field of material science and engineering by providing a deeper insight into the mechanical behavior of polypropylene and introducing an effective tool for predicting crack initiation in automotive components. The findings hold promise for advancing the design and manufacturing processes in the automotive industry, with potential applications extending to other sectors.

Cyclic inelastic behaviour of a bonded patch repair system used for pipes with through-wall corrosion damage

Repairs of through-wall corrosion damage in pipes conveying liquids using bonded metallic patches are becoming common in the oil and gas industry. Usually, this kind of patch is used in association with a composite sleeve, and it is essential to assure that the repair wońt leak. The use of bonded metallic patches associated with the composite sleeve is not forbidden in the standards for the design of composite repair systems (such as ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817). However, they do not address this very frequent practice adopted in industry. Since the patch is responsible for sustaining most of the pressure of the repair, it becomes necessary to further understand its behaviour. This paper investigates the cyclic inelastic behaviour of a metal patch/adhesive system and its effect on the failure pressure. Hydrostatic tests were performed regarding how pressure variations can generate cyclic inelastic strains in the adhesive layer that bonds the metal patch to the pipe, and how this cyclic loading–unloading process ultimately affects the failure pressure. The failure pressure in monotonic burst tests can be reasonably modelled using basic concepts of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Although the assumption of a brittle-elastic behaviour of the repair system seems adequate in the case of monotonic loading, it is not in the case of cyclic tests with high pressure amplitudes. Repairs in steel pipes under pressure with a 25 mm diameter hole failed after a very small number of cycles with pressure amplitude of 80% of the average failure pressure obtained in monotonic burst tests. To help understanding the behaviour of the system, single lap joints were studied. The patch and pipe are not subjected to significant permanent deformations, while the adhesive layer has an inelastic behaviour. Results show that the lap joints present a rate-dependent behaviour in tensile tests and may present highly different cyclic responses which are quite sensitive to very small perturbations in the manufacturing process.

Distributed fiber optic strain sensing for structural health monitoring of 70 MPa hydrogen vessels

We report on the development and testing of 70 MPa hydrogen pressure vessels with integrated fiber optic sensing fibers for the automotive use. The paper deals with the condition monitoring of such composite pressure vessels using the optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) which was applied for a distributed fiber optic strain sensing along fully integrated polyimide-coated single-mode glass optical fiber (SM-GOF). The sensing fibers were embedded into the vessel structure by wrapping them over the inside polymer liner during the manufacturing process of the outside carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Detecting local strain events by the integrated fiber optic sensors might be an opportunity for monitoring the material degradation. Regarding the investigation of the ageing behavior, both ambient hydraulic cycling tests and slow burst tests were conducted on 70 MPa pressure vessels with embedded fiber optic sensors. The achieved results contribute to the knowledge about material fatigue to guarantee the safe usage during the entire lifetime of the composite hydrogen storage vessels. The presented work stands in context of the European Horizon 2020 research project SH2APED focused on the development of an innovative hydrogen storage system composed of an assembly of nine 70 MPa tubular pressure vessels used as an automotive battery pack.

Electromechanical Impedance of Acoustic Emission Sensors used for Self-Diagnosis

Acoustic Emission (AE) is a well established NDT method which is used more and more for continuous monitoring, heading towards SHM. Today, AE sensors in the field are tested with a pencil lead break test (Hsu-Nielsen source), which requires manual interaction. Sensors are replaced if the sensitivity is too low. However, since the test is performed on the monitored structure, the structure itself may influence the test. Therefore, a detailed check of the sensor in the lab, according to SE02 and ISO 24543, is done afterwards. An automated solution, that can test AE sensors in the field, without human interaction, that needs minimal additional hardware would benefit AE based monitoring systems. The electromechanical impedance (EMI) spectrum is mostly used for local damage detection with piezoelectric transducers. In the past it has been shown that the EMI spectrum can also be used to enable automated self-diagnostic capabilities in the low frequency spectrum (Park et al., 2004) and in the higher frequency regime (Mueller, 2017) including the eigenfrequencies of the transducers. The usage of EMI for AE sensors can, thorough research in this matter provided, solve the issues mentioned above. This work presents results of EMI spectrum analysis of two sets of 12 and 17 sensors, respectively, with different levels of damage from pressure vessel burst tests. The results are compared to that of a face-2-face inspection, which is an established method of verification in the lab according to ISO 24543. It is shown that the EMI spectrum is capable of similar self-diagnostic capabilities. Thus, combining the advantages of global monitoring with AE sensors, while providing a remote and automatic method of self-diagnostic of AE sensors at any point with minimal additional hardware and software requirements.

Robust instrumentation of composite pressure vessels manufactured via multi-filament winding for distributed fiber optic sensing

The development of hydrogen storage and transport technologies with safety, efficiency and economy is one of the main scientific and technological challenges to stablish the infrastructure for a hydrogen economy. The storage must not only be lightweight and compact but also safe, cost-effective, long-range and rapidly refuellable. Type IV composite pressure vessels have been recognized as a cost-efficient solution that can address these problems for on-board storage in the hydrogen-powered mobility and hydrogen transport in tube trailers. The demanding working environment presents a challenge to the failure analysis and predictive maintenance of composite pressure vessels; the knowledge of the precise condition of the pressure vessel is therefore mandatory to guarantee safety usage. The continuous strain monitoring of composite pressure vessels via distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) can enable the implementation of a structural health monitoring system. The robust instrumentation of composite pressure vessels with DFOS is here presented; the pressure vessel manufacture is based on the multi-filament winding. Small pressure vessel prototypes are designed and manufactured using carbon fibers as reinforcement; DFOS are integrated into the cylindrical section composite laminate during winding. A connector housing is placed on the dome section of the pressure vessel to protect sensor exit/entry points. The condition of the integrated DFOS is assessed throughout manufacture (winding and consolidation) via optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). Afterwards, hydraulic burst tests are performed with step-wise pressure increments and the strain evolution and failure are monitored via distributed strain sensing. The integrated DFOS are capable of monitoring the strain evolution over the length of the vessel for the circumferential direction.

Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Parallel Group Nutritional Study to Evaluate the Effects of Routine Intake of Fresh vs. Pasteurized Yogurt on the Immune System in Healthy Adults.

The immune system is affected by the dietary products humans intake. Immune system regulation by nutrition has uses in the clinical context, but it can also benefit healthy populations by delaying or preventing the emergence of immune-mediated chronic illnesses. In this study, the purpose was to describe and compare the modulator effects on the immune system of the routine ingestion of fresh vs. pasteurized yogurt. A unicentral, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel group 8-week nutritional study was carried out comparing the ingestion of 125 g of the products in healthy adults three times a day. A complete battery of in vitro tests on the activity of the immune system, processes and phenomena was performed. Exclusive immune-modulatory effects of fresh yogurt with respect to base line were found in terms of increased systemic IgM (primary immune responses), increased synthesis of IFN-gamma upon stimulation (Th1) and increased peripheral T cells (mainly "naive" CD4s). In the three interventions, we observed an increased phagocytic activity and burst test in granulocytes, together with increased secretion of IL-6, IL-1 β and IL-8 (pro-inflammatory) and increased CD16 expression (FcR favoring phagocytosis) in granulocytes. Overall, it is concluded that regardless of bacteria being alive or thermally inactivated, yogurt has common effects on the innate system, but the presence of live bacteria is necessary to achieve a potentiating effect on the specific immune response.

Degradation of phenol by peroxymonosulfate catalyzed by cerium-doped amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (NH2-MIL-101 (Fe, Ce))

As an organic pollutant difficult to be degraded in water bodies, phenol is toxic even at low concentrations. Therefore, studying the degradation technology of phenol is of great significance. In order to investigate the effect of transition metal doping on the performance of oxidative degradation of phenol by the persulfate activated by metal-organic frameworks, the different doping levels of Ce were tested based on the NH2-MIL-101(Fe). Then, NH2-MIL-101(Fe,Ce) with different Fe/Ce ratios was successfully prepared by solvothermal method. They were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and FT-IR. Selecting phenol as the target pollutant, the NH2-MIL-101(Fe,Ce)/PMS system was constructed to study the degradation rate. The factors of the different temperature, initial pH, anions, Ce doping ratios, catalyst dosage and PMS concentration were investigated. The mechanism of degradation of phenol for the above system was analyzed through free radical burst test, and the metal ion dissolution of catalytic materials in simulated wastewater treatment process was monitored by ICP-OES instrument. Finally, the intermediate products of phenol in the degradation process were inferred using LC-MS method. The results showed that when the molar ratio of Ce/(Ce+Fe) was 15 %, under the same reaction conditions, NH2-MIL-101(Fe,Ce)-15 % (referred to as NM-15 %) had the highest degradation rate for phenol. After the 50 min, phenol could be almostly completely removed, with K value of 0.059 min−1. This system could achieve the efficient degradation of phenol under the range of pH values (pH=3–9). The results of the free radical burst test and the free radical trapping test showed that the dominant oxidising groups were SO4•−, •OH, •O2− and non-free radical 1O2.

Modeling, fabrication, and burst testing of type-IV 3D printed plastic liner composite overwrapped pressure vessels

Modeling, fabrication, and burst testing of type-IV 3D printed plastic liner composite overwrapped pressure vessels

Ultrasonically activated persulfate process for the degradation of phenanthrene in soil-washing effluent: Experimental, DFT calculation and toxicity evaluation

Soil-washing (SW) has been widely used to treat PHE in soil, but this has led to the problem of large quantities of contaminated soil-washing effluent (SWE) that are difficult to treat effectively. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the degradation of phenanthrene (PHE) in SWE with Alkyl glycoside (APG) as a surfactant through the implementation of ultrasound (US)/persulfate (PS) oxidation technique. The findings of the study demonstrated the effectiveness of the US/PS system in facilitating the degradation of PHE, with the degradation process accurately described by a first-order kinetic model. With the reaction conditions optimized, an impressive degradation efficiency of 79.8% was achieved for PHE. Notably, the presence of common water components such as Cl-, HCO3-, H2PO4-, and HA had an impact on the degradation process. The degradation mechanism and degradation pathways of PHE were determined by free radical burst test, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), density functional theory (DFT) calculations gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) tests, and the eco-toxicological evaluation of PHE and its intermediates was carried out by using ECOSAR software. Most importantly, physicochemical properties were analysed, structural characterisation and DFT calculations were carried out for the high concentration of APG compounds in the solution environment throughout the degradation process. The result showed that as the reaction progressed, the degradation radicals only opened the APG structure and degraded the PHE encapsulated in it. However, the APG compound itself showed little change. These comprehensive investigations contribute novel insights into the green and efficient treatment of PHE-containing SWE.

Experimental study and refined numerical simulation of ultimate pressure-bearing performance of rope-reinforced airship envelope structures

Stratospheric airships require a lightweight envelope to contain lighter-than-air buoyancy gas, making the lightweight design and pressure-bearing performance of the envelope structure a key research issue. The stress state at different cross-sectional positions of the airship envelope structure is different, resulting in a low utilization rate of the overall material performance of the envelope structure. This paper proposes a design scheme for reinforcing envelope structures with sliding reinforcing cable to improve the bearing capacity of the composite fabric structure while reducing its weight, ultimately achieving the optimal strength-to-weight ratio. Two types of composite fabric structures (A-airship and B-airship) were subjected to inflatable burst tests, and the strain changes in the envelope gores were analyzed by digital image correlation. Through re-assembly of the broken composite fabric pieces and analysis of their tear textures, crack origination positions, failure causes, and the stress behavior and state at the failure position were identified. An envelope structural model with consideration of the cutting pattern effect was established, allowing the stress distribution of the envelope to be analyzed and the damage positions to be more accurately predicted. Based on the analysis of the ultimate pressure-bearing performance of an airship envelope structure, a novel idea of incorporating coupled tensile-shear stress into the strength criterion was proposed. Through the data in the study and existing references, it is verified that the strength criterion can accurately predict the ultimate pressure-bearing performance of the envelope structure.

Can Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition Exist in Peroneal Muscles Among People with Chronic Ankle Instability? A Cross-sectional Study.

Ankle sprains lead to an unexplained reduction of ankle eversion strength, and arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) in peroneal muscles is considered one of the underlying causes. This study aimed to observe the presence of AMI in peroneal muscles among people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Sixty-three people with CAI and another sixty-three without CAI conducted maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and superimposed burst (SIB) tests during ankle eversion, then fifteen people with CAI and fifteen without CAI were randomly invited to repeat the same tests to calculate the test-retest reliability. Electrical stimulation was applied to the peroneal muscles while the participants were performing MVIC, and the central activation ratio (CAR) was obtained by dividing MVIC torque by the sum of MVIC and SIB torques, representing the degree of AMI. The intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.77 (0.45-0.92) and 0.92 (0.79-0.97) for the affected and unaffected limbs among people with CAI, and 0.97 (0.91-0.99) and 0.93 (0.82-0.97) for the controlled affected and unaffected limbs among people without CAI; Significant group × limb interaction was detected in the peroneal CAR (p = 0.008). The CARs were lower among people with CAI in the affected and unaffected limbs, compared with those without CAI (affected limb = 82.54 ± 9.46%, controlled affected limb = 94.64 ± 6.37%, p < 0.001; unaffected limb = 89.21 ± 8.04%, controlled unaffected limb = 94.93 ± 6.01%, p = 0.016). The CARs in the affected limbs were lower than those in the unaffected limbs among people with CAI (p = 0.023). No differences between limbs were found for CAR in the people without CAI (p = 0.10). Bilateral AMI of peroneal muscles is observed among people with CAI. Their affected limbs have higher levels of AMI than the unaffected limbs.