Husk Combustion Research Articles

Combustion study of rice husk under different heating rates by integrating thermogravimetric analysis and decision tree regression

This study investigates the combustion behavior of rice husk using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with decision tree regression. Results indicated that increasing heating rates caused elevated burnout (Tb) and peak temperatures (Tp) while extending the active combustion stage. The optimized decision tree model effectively predicts mass loss, demonstrated by a perfect coefficient of determination (R²) of 1 with a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1993 on the validation set. The model’s robustness suggested its potential for accurate mass loss prediction in rice husk combustion.

PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MANDIRI MASYARAKAT DESA SRIMAHI KECAMATAN TAMBUN UTARA DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SEKAM PADI SEBAGAI CAMPURAN BETON PAVING BLOCK DAN BATAK

The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to utilize rice husk waste as a mixture in making bricks and paving blocks. Rice husk waste produced from the rice milling process often causes environmental problems. Therefore, through education and training to Zaracon Group Raja Block, through processing rice husk waste into products that have economic value and are environmentally friendly. The methods used include the fabrication of tools, rice husk burning, laboratory testing, socialization, training, and the production of paving blocks using rice husk ash. The results of this program show that paving blocks made using a mixture of rice husk ash have good strength and durability. In addition, this program is also able to improve the skills, insights, and knowledge of the community in processing rice husk waste, so that it can open in business development production of paving block and brick concrete. Keywords: Rice husks, bricks concrete, paving blocks, waste management, community empowerment.

Use of MQ 3 Sensor in Measuring Benzo[a]Pyrene Compound From Wood Husk Combustion Process with Robotdyn Uno R3 WiFi

Use of MQ 3 Sensor in Measuring Benzo[a]Pyrene Compound From Wood Husk Combustion Process with Robotdyn Uno R3 WiFi

Integrated management of FOC TR4 in bananas: The Philippine experience

The Philippines is still one of the top global producers of Cavendish bananas and the primary exporter in Asia. Despite some challenges, Cavendish banana remains to be the second leading export commodity of the country valued at USD1.1B. However, in recent years, there was a steady decline in the Cavendish production areas brought about by the threat of Fusarium wilt TR4. Based on official government report, the total area planted to Cavendish in 2022 was 84,328 hectares which was 0.6% lower than the previous year due to abandonment or shifting to alternative crops in some of the affected areas. While the 2023 Cavendish banana production area has not yet been officially reported, further decrease in area is expected. Fusarium wilt TR4 is mainly confined in the Davao Region of Southern Philippines where the major commercial banana plantations are located. More than 50% of the total Cavendish area are operated by corporate farms that are members of the Pilipino Banana Growers and Exporters Association (PBGEA) while the rest are owned by independent banana growers. An integrated disease management approach was already developed by each corporate banana plantation and is generally being implemented to prevent further occurrences of FW TR4. This was based on the concepts of early detection, early eradication and area isolation. Biosecurity protocols are in place to prevent spread of the disease. The infected plants are eradicated either through rice husk burning or chopping of infected plants and treated with Urea. The use of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma and other biocontrol agents is widely adopted as supplemental treatment for infected sites. An effective weed control program is also an integral part of managing the disease as some weed species are known to be possible reservoir of the fungal pathogen. The construction of deep perimeter canals and regular maintenance of primary and secondary canals are as important to ensure good drainage conditions.

Eco-efficiency index of the recycling process of fuel husks into briquettes in Tofu SMEs using life cycle assessment

The increasing demand for energy and the decreasing availability of fossil fuel reserves necessitate the exploration of alternative solutions. Biomass waste, particularly abundant in countries like Indonesia, presents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy alternative by reducing CO2 emissions. Transforming waste into a more valuable product is crucial, accompanied by an assessment of its ecological consequences. Nevertheless, the recycling procedure often still consumes materials and energy. Previous research on evaluating the environmental consequences of recycling organic waste into briquettes remains limited. This investigation is focused on analyzing the environmental effects of the recycling process for converting fuel husk waste into briquettes. The study was conducted using burnt husk waste generated from the energy production process through husk burning in tofu manufacturing.

Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Concrete

Abstract: As a binder for infrastructure development, conventional Portland cement is currently the primary material that is used. However, cement production has a substantial impact on the environment, and many pozzolanic materials can reduce their carbon footprint with conventional Portland cement. In this experimental study, replacement of OPC (ordinary portland cement) is replaced with the ash produced from rice husk (An agricultural waste) and analyzed for durability and strength performance in concrete samples and mortar as well as chemical composition analysis and microstructure observation of rice hull ash according to X-ray differential test data were also conducted in the research analysis. it is produced by burning of husk (produced by rice barley waste) of oxygen for the production of rice husk ash. Its chemical composition is rich in silicates and aluminates which promotes the binding property of ordinary Portland cement and does not affect the IST(Initial setting time), FST(Final setting time) and does not increase the fineness of the cement particles hence it gives significant results with cement replacement. It was determined that 10% rice husk ash replacement was the optimum value for rice husk ash replacement based on the strength and workability criteria of the concrete quality assurance system.

Disentangling the effects of rice husk ash on increased plant growth and nitrogen recovery

Rice production generates large quantities of residues, whose disposal can pose environmental and health risks when not managed properly. The residue after rice husk combustion for energy production, rice husk ash (RHA), is currently underutilized despite its great potential as a soil conditioner. We aim to test the impact of RHA application on wheat growth, functional characteristics of the soil nitrifiers community and on N recovery using a 15N tracing greenhouse experiment. To distinguish between the effects caused by its liming capacity and P content, liming and P application treatments were included in the experiment. The amelioration of soil acidity (by both lime and RHA) lead to reduced losses of applied N fertilizer, but only RHA improved plant growth and plant N uptake. On the other hand, unlike RHA, lime application had strong effect on nitrification, increasing the potential maximal nitrification capacity (NEA) and reducing the affinity for N-NH4+ of soil nitrifiers (NHScom). The application of P reduced losses of applied 15N fertilizer particularly in the control pots, where additional P supply was likely critical to enhance N utilization by soil microorganisms. We therefore conclude that RHA effects on studied parameters are not only caused by soil pH amelioration nor by the P supply, but are likely driven by other inherent RHA properties (such as for instance its high content of macro- and micronutrients). The lack of observed effects on nitrification parameters and enhanced plant growth after RHA application can lead to considerably lower N losses and higher C sequestration in comparison to liming, while helping to solve the problems linked with RHA disposal.

Introducing a Novel Rice Husk Combustion Technology for Maximizing Energy and Amorphous Silica Production Using a Prototype Hybrid Rice Husk Burner to Minimize Environmental Impacts and Health Risk

Rice husk is the main by-product of the postharvest stage in rice production, which causes environmental impacts due to improper management as a solid waste. However, potential economic applications of rice husk combustion have been identified for energy generation and amorphous silica production in several industries. To minimize hazardous gaseous emissions and crystalline silica availability, rice husk combustion conditions should be properly controlled which also effect for efficient heat production. This study was conducted under different conditions of temperature, airflow, combustion time, and bulk density of rice husk in the combustion process using an experimental prototype hybrid rice husk burner with a fluidized bed. The availability of crystalline silica in rice husk charcoal and the CO and O2 compositions in the exhaust gas were analyzed using XRD analysis and gas analysis, respectively. Furthermore, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted to find the most efficient combustion parameter for the optimum conditions of rice husk combustion using the experimental rice husk burner. Therefore, the most efficient heat generation was achieved with the observation of the lowest CO emission, the nonavailability of crystalline silica in rice husk charcoal, at a low temperature and air flow rate (430 °C; 0.8 ms−1), high bulk density (175 kgm−3 and 225 kgm−3) and short combustion time (30 s).

Investigation on Alccofine’s Impact on The Strength and Durability Characteristics of Concrete

Supplemental cementitious material made from rice husk combustion is Alccofine. The influence on the strength and durability qualities is experimented in this research. Six different concrete mixes with differing concentrations of Alccofine and cement were prepared for the investigation. The concrete’s durability was further evaluated by absorption and quick permeability testing. The influence of Alccofine, a supplemental cementitious material, on the strength and durability qualities of concrete is investigated in this research. A series of laboratory studies were conducted in which varying quantities of Alccofine were added into the concrete mix. According to the results of the study, using Alccofine as substitute may greatly better the strength. The addition of Alccofine enhanced the compressive strength, with the greatest strength reached at a replacement level of 15%. Furthermore, it reduced the porosity, resulting in increased durability features such as resistance to water and chloride ion penetration. The research also discovered that adding Alccofine resulted in denser microstructure, which contributed to its increased mechanical qualities and durability. Finally, the study results indicate that using a supplemental material has the potential to increase its strength and durability.

The Effect of Chimney Size on Knock-Down Pyrolysis Tank Design as Rice Husk Burner Using CFD Simulation

This study reports the simulation of rice husk pyrolysis units in various sizes of chimneys to investigate the effect of chimney diameter on temperature and heat distribution. The modeling design was carried out using Solidworks 2020 software with 3d modeling, and flow simulation features where the diameters of the chimneys were varied, namely 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 inches. Simulation of the pyrolysis process with an input temperature of 450 °C and an average fluid velocity of 2.344 m/s for chimney diameters of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 inches has resulted in a condenser heat-temperature (TH) of 169.84 °C, 170.04 °C, 171.36 °C, 170.31 °C, and 168.05°C. It produces cold-temperature (TC) of 41.97 °C, 42.88 °C, 42.31 °C, 42.38 °C, and 45.35°C, respectively. The simulation results also show that the larger the chimney size of the pyrolysis tank, the greater the need for heat from the stove fire; conversely, the tank capacity of the husk becomes smaller.

Teknologi Pirolisis Pembuatan Asap Cair dari Sekam Padi

The production and use of liquid smoke from rice husks among the farming community in Belitang sub-district is still very limited and not many people even know about liquid smoke and its benefits. During the rice husk is made of charcoal and used for mixing the soil as an additional nutrient to the soil. Seeing these conditions, the aim of carrying out community service activities is to increase public knowledge of the potential of rice husk in the form of liquid smoke which can be used as an organic pesticide. The activity method is carried out in several steps, namely socialization, the process of making and assembling tools and the practice of making smoke by the community on a small scale. Designed pyrolysator equipment portable consisting of combustion chamber tubes, smoke cooling chamber tubes and smoke flow pipes which are used to produce liquid smoke. The rice husk burning process was carried out using a pyrolysis scheme within 6 hours and produced 90 ml of black liquid smoke with little oil content. This indicates that the liquid smoke produced is of low quality. The result of this Community Service Program (PPM) activity is that the community understands and understands the use of liquid smoke and the process of making liquid smoke.

Reduced Pollutant Emissions and Slagging Rate of Biomass Pellet Combustion by Optimizing the Multilayer Distribution of Secondary Air.

The utilization of coal and other fossil fuels is becoming increasingly restricted. Biomass, as a clean and renewable energy, plays a significant role in achieving zero carbon emissions. However, biomass is prone to slagging in the combustion process due to its high alkali metal content. The ash slagging rate and pollutant emission level of flue gas can be reduced by optimizing the air distribution, in order to decrease the fuel layer temperature in the combustion chamber. The results reveal opposite change trends of CO and NOx concentrations in the flue gas. The NOx emissions of corn stalk combustion under the multilayer secondary air distribution are obvious compared with those of rice husk combustion. The slagging rate of corn stalks is highly correlated with temperature T1 of the fuel bed. The silica ratio (G), alkali/acid ratio (B/A), Na content index (Na (index)), and alkaline index (Alc) cannot accurately predict the slagging tendency when temperature T1 changes. Therefore, the modified predictive index (Gt) was proposed to predict the slagging tendency of corn stalks with the combustion zone temperature T1 effectively. The experimental results can contribute to the efficient combustion and low pollutant emissions of biomass.

Particulate matter characterization of the combustion emissions from agricultural waste products

This research study examines the levels of particulate matter (PM) which result when two different unprocessed agricultural waste products were burned in a fixed bed combustor under varied air supply conditions. The properties of the PM emissions obtained are: 1) the overall number/mass concentration along with the emission factors (EFs), 2) the distribution of the number and mass size, and 3) the establishment of the morphology of the particles and the trace elements they contain. The findings indicated a total concentration of 3.1 ± 1.9×104 and 9.6 ± 4.5×104 particles/cm3 (or number EFs = 3.52×109–2.26×1010 and 1.88–5.65×1010 particles/kgfuel), whereas the total particle mass was found to be in the range of 5.51–10.4 and 1.45–6.08 mg/m3 (or mass EFs = 1.58–3.26 gPM10/kgfuel and 0.53–3.37 gPM10/kgfuel) in the case of rice husk and bagasse combustion, respectively. The distribution of the particle sizes was shown to be bimodal for rice husk combustion, but had only a single mode for bagasse combustion. For both fuel types, the predominant particle size emerging during combustion was 0.07μm. From the gravimetric perspective, the dominant sizes were 3.07, 5.13, and 8.09 μm. PM emissions are also affected by the properties of the fuel involved in the combustion process, with ash content, homogeneity of the fuel, and the mineral content all known to be influential factors. It is also understood that the air staging can affect PM emissions during the combustion of rice husks, so a rise in the ratio of secondary air to total air might reduce nanoparticle formation (PM0.1) through a shift to the accumulation mode (PM0.1-1.0). The results of assessment of the particle shapes and the evaluation of trace elements showed that the particles formed by the combustion of rice husks were predominantly spherical, which can be explained by the dominance of carbon. In contrast, irregular shapes of particle were obtained in coarse-sized particles and the most dominant element is calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si).

Influence of biomass on coal slime combustion characteristics based on TG-FTIR, principal component analysis, and artificial neural network

The development and utilization of solid waste is an effective way to solve the severe environmental and energy crisis. In this study, Thermogravimetry - Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) was used to carry out the co-combustion experiment of coal slime and rice husk under different mixing ratios. With the increase of the mass percentage of rice husk in the sample, the initial ignition temperature and burnout of the sample decreased, and the comprehensive combustion performance improved gradually. The dominant reaction in the co-combustion of coal slime and rice husk was determined by statistical method. When the mass percentage of rice husk in the mixture is between 30 and 90 %, it can inhibit the release of NOx and SO2. Taking Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method as an example, the calculated average activation energies of coal slime and rice husk combustion are 105.66 and 148.93 kJ/mol respectively. With the increase of the mixing ratio of rice husk in the blend, the combustion mechanism of the sample changed. Finally, the mean absolute error, root mean square error and determination coefficient of the artificial neural network model are 0.52697, 0.67866 and 0.99941 respectively.

Rice Husk Ash (RHA) Based Concrete: Workability and Compressive Strength with Different Dosages and Curing Ages

Abstract To reduce the consumption of cement in construction industry has been a hot area of consideration now days due to high evolution of CO2 gases during its production. Since decades efforts are made to replace cement with cementitious materials; minerals, agricultural, industrial by products etc. A few are fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, rice husk ash etc. These cementitious materials are often adopted as partial replacement of cement. However, their effectiveness and suitability as cementitious material depends upon their properties and the source of the production. Pakistan is an agricultural country and one of the major crops is Rice crop. It produces a substantial amount of rice husk during the processing g of the rice. A substantial amount of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is produced on the burning of rice husk used as fuel in the rice mills while generating steam for parboiling process of rice grains. This ash causes the environmental problems also if not dumped properly. RHA is believed to have siliceous properties which may be used as supplementary cementitious material in concrete. As the suitability of supplementary cementitious materials is dependent upon the source of rice husk, temperature of burning of husk, its fineness and other properties. This study is focused on to determine the effect of rice husk ash produced by burning of the rice husk obtained from the local rice mills. Experimental investigation carried includes the determination of workability and compressive strength of concrete with different dosage of RHA from 5% to 30% with an increment of 5% tested at 1day, 3days, 7days and 28 days of the age of concrete. The results are compared with corresponding concrete without RHA and tested at the same ages. The results show the reduction in both the parameter; workability and compressive strength due to RHA particularly at its higher dosage beyond 10% by weight of cement.

Potential Rice Husk Ash (RHA) For Clinker Substitute in K400 Concrete Compressive Strength Applications

Rice husk ash is a waste of rice husk combustion with pozzolanic properties and contains relatively high silica. Therefore, rice husk ash can be used as a cement substitute to manufacture concrete. This study aims to determine the performance of rice husk ash as a clinker substitute for the compressive strength of the K400 concrete produced. Rice husk ash used in this study was first ground to pass a 45 mm sieve. Then the K400 concrete mix design was made with three variations of adding rice husk ash: 0%, 10%, and 20% of the total cement consumption. The tests carried out on the test objects included slump testing and compressive strength testing for concrete aged 3, 7, 28 days. Slump flow testing is carried out to see the ease of work. At the same time, compressive strength testing is carried out to determine the quality of the concrete itself. Based on the Compressive Strength tool observing, adding rice husk ash, as much as 10% has a strength value that reached the standard compressive strength determined at 28 days. On the other hand, adding rice husk ash more than 10% produces a lower compressive strength of concrete than the standard.

Potassium release during pulverized biomass combustion in a tubular burner investigated by TDLAS

The ignition and effect of different treatments of pulverized biomass on potassium release were monitored online using visible light detection and calibration-free TDLAS techniques in a tubular burner, with the following main conclusions. High-speed cyclonic flow enhanced the transport effect around the particles, allowing for the rapid separation and diffusion of volatile fractions from biomass particles, as well as the rapid but transient release of potassium. There were no visible envelope flames or trailing flames around the burning particles. High-speed photography also confirmed the homo-heterogeneous ignition. The release of water-soluble potassium was significantly postponed under an O2/CO2 atmosphere compared with the air atmosphere, shifting from a quick and instantaneous model to a continuous and slow-release one. In comparison, the O2/CO2 atmosphere had little suppression effect on the exchangeable and organic potassium release process. In both air and O2/CO2 combustion, the water-soluble potassium release was the fastest, followed by organic potassium and exchangeable state potassium. The release ratio of atomic potassium, the proportion of released atomic potassium in initial total potassium in particles, from water-washed and NH3Ac-washed rice husk is higher than that from rice husk combustion, under O2/CO2 and O2/N2 combustion conditions. The release process of potassium enriched in char takes a long time but has a low release rate. The inhibitory effect of the O2/CO2 atmosphere on the potassium release during rice husk char combustion was relatively weak compared with rice husk combustion.

Thermodynamics Simulation Performance of Rice Husk Combustion with a Realistic Decomposition Approach on the Devolatilization Stage

The high calorific value of rice husk and rich silica content in rice husk ash make its valorization becomes attractive. This study presents the thermodynamics simulation performance of rice husk combustion using a realistic decomposition approach. A non-ideal gas approach and fugacity coefficient were also considered in the calculation. In this study, devolatilization of rice husk is simulated to form gas (64.78%), liquid/tar (7.28%), solid/char (27.94%), and all of these are then oxidized with 100% excess air to form flue gas. From the calculation, about 2.6 MJ/kg of specific combustion energy is produced. The maximum combustion temperature in the furnace is up to 1457 °C for perfect insulation and up to 1400 °C if there is a 5% heat loss due to radiation. Furthermore, the thermodynamics simulation expressed that NOX emission amount from rice husk combustion is negligible and there is still a probability for CO and H2 to be produced at above 500 °C due to Boudouard reaction and homogeneous water gas shift reaction (WGSR). It is found that combustion equipped with larger excess air could quench the heat produced and reduce the combustion efficiency but could maintain the temperature at 700 °C. Supplying excess air of about 180–200% is advantageous to keep the combustion temperature at 700 °C to avoid silica crystalline formation which harms human health, as well as suppressing NOX emission and reducing CO emission from the simultaneous reaction of Boudouard-WGSR. Finally, the study concluded that a realistic decomposition approach could predict the rice husk combustion performance with reasonable and logical results.Graphical Abstract

Investigation of air and rice husk cold flow structures in the suspension furnace chamber through a simulation study

Rice husk combustion in the suspension furnace is not an easy matter. Until now, there are still many obstacles faced in its process as characterized by low combustion conversion. The main cause is the poor air-particle contact as well as the probability of particle elutriation out of the furnace chamber before combustion completely occurs. Thus, in-depth and detailed understanding of air and rice husk cold flow structures in the furnace chamber, as proposed in this study, becomes necessary. The simulation study was conducted using Reynold stress model (RSM) for fluid flow quantification whereas discrete phase model was utilized for particle flow quantification. The simulation results reveal that cylindrical chamber gives a more significant particle residence time rather than rectangular chamber for every similar excess air amount. Besides, providing burner with a tangential air inlet of 90o results in high turbulence, intense swirl phenomenon, and long particle residence time. Moreover, the furnace chamber equipped with a smaller burner diameter and longer burner length together will augment the air-particle contact in the furnace chamber. Despite providing the best condition for the furnace, the design must not forget to consider the economical aspect.

Simple mass transfer simulation using a single-particle heterogeneous reaction approach in rice husk combustion and rice husk ash extraction

Rice husk conversion to silica is usually carried out through combustion to produce ash and then continued with ash extraction to obtain silica. There is a model to simulate the single-particle combustion, which abandoned the simplification. However, the model is complex and seems complicated for early beginners. This study, hence, aims to discuss the simple mass transfer simulation using a single-particle heterogeneous reaction approach. The shrinking core model was targeted for rice husk combustion time prediction, whereas mass transfer effectiveness analysis was used in rice husk ash extraction simulation. According to this study, a shorter combustion time is reached under smaller particle diameter, more spherical particle, and higher oxygen concentration. The result showed that a combustion time of 133 minutes is obtained for oxygen diffusion to rice husk with diameter 5.8 mm, sphericity 0.5, and oxygen concentration 21%-vol. Besides, in order to improve the rice husk ash extraction overall mass transfer effectiveness from 0.01 to 0.1, extraction should be done under particle diameter of 0.2 mm, sphericity of 0.8, and agitator tip velocity of 5 cm/s. All of the parameters lessen the mass transfer limitation due to diffusion, and in consequence, intrinsic kinetic becomes a major factor.