Burning House Research Articles

Dystopian/Utopian Theatre in Britain after 2000 and Its Political Spaces, Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung / Centre for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF), University of Bielefeld, March 11–13, 2021

Dystopian/Utopian Theatre in Britain after 2000 and Its Political Spaces, Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Forschung / Centre for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF), University of Bielefeld, March 11–13, 2021

Response to Kate Grover

Response to Kate Grover

Where We Fit in the Firmament

Where We Fit in the Firmament

Where There’s Smoke and the Generative Documentary

<i>Where There’s Smoke</i> and the Generative Documentary

Criminal Armed Herdsmen Operation in Southern Kaduna, Nigeria: Implications On Human and Food Security

The research focuses on the implications of armed herdsmen operations on human and food security in the Southern Kaduna region of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research design for the study is a descriptive survey method; a sample of 90 respondents was drawn from the three most affected local government areas where armed herdsmen operation strives in the region. The questionnaire was used as a major instrument for the collection of primary data; in-depth interviews were also conducted by the researcher to elicit further information from respondents. Secondary data was sourced from books, journals, newspapers and online peer-reviewed materials. The routine activity theory was adopted to explain armed herdsmen activities in Southern Kaduna. Findings suggest that deaths, hospitalizations, burning of houses amongst many others were major implications on human security while burning of farmlands, kidnappings on the farm and closure of markets were amongst major implications of food security in the region. The study recommends the provision of more sophisticated detection equipment in the rural areas for early detection of arrival and settlement of armed herdsmen in the forestlands, provision of more sophisticated detection equipment and arms and ammunition to the security forces to eliminate the attacking herdsmen. The study also recommends compensation for the affected communities through government distribution of grains from the strategic reserves and re-establishment of farmlands and construction of new residential structures for the affected people.

Nasilja nad Srbima Gnjilanske kaze 1900-1903. godine

According to the administrative reform of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century, the Gnjilankaza was part of the Prištinasandžak of the Kosovo vilayet. Kaza and the town of Gnjilane were of great importance for the Serbian population, which was compact and numerous in that area. It was precisely because of this that it was exposed to various atrocities and violence, which, according to Albanians idea, should have resulted in the emigration and reduction of the number of Serbs. Over time, Albanian crimes against Serbs in Old Serbia increased - it was recorded that there were 979 of them in the Gnjilankaza from 1889 to 1912, of which 151 were for the period from 1900 to 1903. Violence in Gjilan kaza was repeated every day, and Serbs, faced with confiscation of property, burning of houses, rape of girls and women, ban on carrying weapons, were forced to emigrate to Serbia or other places in the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish authorities did not take measures to restore order and protect the Serbian population. Failure to take measures and impunity against the perpetrators had the effect of increasing the number of atrocities, which encouraged lesser-known perpetrators, even the smallest and most ordinary Albanians, to continue destroying Serbs in full view of the authorities, not only in Gnjilan kaza, but in the whole of Old Serbia. There are numerous cases where the authorities looked favorably upon the rioters and cooperated with them on an almost daily basis. From time to time, the military actions undertaken did not bring the expected results, and the situation on the ground, after the suspension of the actions of the army and the gendarmerie, returned to its original state, after which an even greater anarchy reigned. From the Gnjilan kaza, and in general from the Priština sandjak, it spread and covered other parts of the Kosovo vilayet. The actions of the Turkish authorities, in this case the kaymakam of Gnjilan, who not only did not react to the complaints of the Serbs, but often stood in solidarity with the wrongdoers and supported such actions, went hand in hand with Abanian's misdeeds. The consuls of the Kingdom of Serbia in Priština reported daily to the Government in Belgrade about the situation in Gnjilan kaza and Old Serbia in general, which through its representatives in the Ottoman Empire and in the capitals of the great powers tried to influence European opinion and cause their reaction. The Ottoman authorities wanted to demonstrate to Europe that they were interested in bringing order to Old Serbia, so the general inspector for the Rumelian vilayets, Hilmi Pasha, took some measures. However, his work was concentrated only on certain parts, but not on those where there was a need.

Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Climate Change in the Adamaoua Region (Cameroon)

Numerous anthropogenic pressures, including periodic fires, influence the current functioning and structure of tropical savannas. Few scientific studies have focused on the influence of fire on carbon stock despite its impact on climate change. The objective was to contribute to the evaluation of the effects of activities on the woody cover in the high Guinean savannahs of Cameroon. The work took place in the Arrondissements of Ngan'Ha, Ngaoundéré III for the Vina and Mbakaou Departments and Ngaoundal for the Djerem Department. A socio-economic household survey was conducted among 200 people, 100 per department. The results show that 93.60% of respondents stated that the advantages of fires are the renewal of pastures, the cleaning of fields and the facilitation of hunting. As for the disadvantages, they cite the destruction of fields, the burning of houses and granaries; and environmentally, the reduction of agricultural yields, the increase in heat, diseases, and the disappearance of certain animal and especially plant species such as <i>Lophira lanceolata, Carissa edulis, Sarcocephallus latifollius</i>. The main endogenous knowledge developed by the populations for the adaptation and mitigation of climate change are the use of organic fertilizers, awareness against fires, tree planting, fences for the protection of concessions etc. It is urgent to take adequate measures to limit bush fires and the cutting of wood for energy.

Wildfire imagery reduces risk information-seeking among homeowners as property wildfire risk increases

Negative imagery of destruction may induce or inhibit action to reduce risks from climate-exacerbated hazards, such as wildfires. This has generated conflicting assumptions among experts who communicate with homeowners: half of surveyed wildfire practitioners perceive a lack of expert agreement about the effect of negative imagery (a burning house) on homeowner behavior, yet most believe negative imagery is more engaging. We tested whether this expectation matched homeowner response in the United States. In an online experiment, homeowners who viewed negative imagery reported more negative emotions but the same behavioral intentions compared to those who viewed status-quo landscape photos. In a pre-registered field experiment, homeowners who received a postcard showing negative imagery were equally likely, overall, to visit a wildfire risk webpage as those whose postcard showed a status quo photo. However, the negative imagery decreased webpage visits as homeowners’ wildfire risk increased. These results illustrate the importance of testing assumptions to encourage behavioral adaptation to climate change.

A chalcolithic pottery kiln from the Cucuteni-Cetățuie settlement (Iași County, Romania)

As a result of the magnetic survey on an area of ​​more than five hectares, located south-west of Cetățuie, we are currently aware of an extension of the Cucutenian habitation, consisting of numerous burned and unburned structures, pits and two defensive ditches in the form of circular arcs. The magnetic map allowed, beginning with the 2017 campaign, the placement of smaller (test trenches) or larger excavation units for the verification of various types of anomalies (burnt houses, defence ditch, pits). In the last (2022) campaign, in addition to investigating a defensive ditch and a dwelling, it was decided to excavate also an anomaly initially considered a pit. The surprise was the identification of a pottery kiln, belonging to phase B of the Cucuteni culture, located in the immediate vicinity of the last defensive ditch (in the north-western part of the settlement). Its excavation revealed a quasi-unique type of pottery firing installation, partially buried, updraught, with two chambers (a lower, combustion chamber, and an upper firing chamber). Its unique feature is the absence of the usual stoking chamber and stoking pit for fuel supply in front of the kiln. Instead, the kiln had an elongated stoke hole, placed laterally, which communicated with just one channel, to the south. Being a rather rare discovery, at least in the Cucuteni area west of the Prut River, the presence of this kiln brings evidence of the specialized practice of the pottery craft in the eponymous settlement and nuances the known typology of pottery firing installations in the prehistory of south-eastern Europe.

From the Garden of Eden to the Zen Rock Garden

From the Garden of Eden to the Zen Rock Garden

Terrorism in the name of Islam: Bangladesh perspective

This research aims at exploring various factors of terrorism in the name of Islam in Bangladesh with a special preference to understand the causal relation between religion and terrorism. Bangladesh has been suffering from the crisis of religious militancy for the last couple of decades. Terrorist activities such as bombing, murder, burning houses, destructing temples and house of people belonging to other religions induced fear among the people of Bangladesh. Terrorists have been using the name of Islam as a safeguard of their heinous activities. This study argues that there is no connection between terrorism and Islam. This research finds that the lack of knowledge of the religion of Islam as well as other religions, unemployment, social media, global rise of militancy in the name of Islam and different psychological issues work behind terrorism in the name of Islam in Bangladesh. In the face of a global rise of religious militancy or militancy in the name of Islam, it requires a comprehensive study on terrorism in the name of Islam from the perspectives of Bangladesh. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#63-64-; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2018 P 109-124

ARCHAEOBOTANICAL EVIDENCE REGARDING THE DIET OF GAVA CULTURE FROM TELEAC HILLFORT (ROMANIA

The aim of this study is to present a remarkable discovery of several vessels fulfil with charred grains. The vessels have been revealed during 2017 archaeological campaign inside of a burnt house belonging to Gava culture. This is a very rare discovery for Romanian area putting the site of Teleac on the European map of Late Bronze Age diet reconstruction. The most important species revealed were Panicum miliaceum and Triticum spelta .

Kozachyi Yar 1: An enclosed Trypillian settlement on the Southern Bug River in Kozavchyn (Ukraine)

Summary In Kozavchyn on the Southern Bug, an Early Copper Age settlement surrounded by trenches was explored by means of field surveys and magnetic prospection. In addition to the enclosing trenches, the magnetogram revealed a palisade trench and remains of pits and burnt houses, which covered a contiguous area with archaeological findings of almost 4 ha situated on a spur with the field name “Kozachyi Yar”. The settlement belongs to the Trypillia BI local group Sabatynivka, as does the nearby site Kamyane, “Kamyane-Zavallia 1”, also surrounded by ditches, which was investigated a few years ago and dated to the last third of the 5th millennium BC. The Sabatynivka group is documented in a narrowly confined area on both sides of the Southern Bug River and may have once been a jointly acting political entity. Internal conflicts or external threats from the steppe area to the east are often considered as reasons for the enclosure of CTCC settlements. It seems conceivable, however, that the apparently once much more numerous enclosures had less of a protective than merely a delimiting character.

On‐site non‐destructive determination of the remanent magnetization of archaeological finds using field magnetometers

AbstractThe determination of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of archaeological features can be used for magnetic modelling, joining of shards, archaeomagnetic dating or the investigation of the firing–cooling–collapsing order of ancient buildings. The measurement of NRM is normally conducted on cylindrical or cubic samples in the laboratory. Nevertheless, archaeological finds should preferably not be destroyed, and laboratory instruments are high in costs. Therefore, we propose a lightweight and portable measurement set‐up including already available field magnetometers (preferably caesium magnetometers) in which the archaeological sample of arbitrary shape, in our case a piece of daub, is mounted inside a gimbal to be rotated in all directions. The magnetic field of the sample is measured at a large number of rotational positions with the magnetometer kept at fixed position. In these measurements, the unknown direction of the NRM vector of the sample is rotated, whereas the average magnetic susceptibility of the sample and the ambient magnetic field are constant and known. Hence, the vector of NRM can be determined through least‐squares inversion. For the inversion computation, the sample volume is discretized either as voxel model or approximated as an equivalent sphere. Under certain conditions depending on sample–sensor distance, dipole moment and radius of the sample, the approximation by a sphere is valid without effect on the accuracy of results. Empirically determined functions quantifying these conditions for different sensor sensitivities and noise levels are provided. Validation with laboratory measurements on palaeomagnetic subsamples from the destroyed daub samples indicate that the NRM can be determined by our proposed method with a maximum error in inclination of 2°, in declination of 20° and in magnetization of ±0.6 A/m. This is accurate enough, for example, to determine from daub pieces of burnt house remains whether the building was burnt and cooled before or after it collapsed.

TEACHING STUDENTS LIFE SAFETY IN CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE COURSE OF STUDYING EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT «SAFETY SCIENCE»

The article considers the issue of teaching students life safety in emergencies within the educational component «Safety Science.»&#x0D; It is noted that the pandemic of the corona virus spread to the whole world in 2020. For two years, the lives of Ukrainians have changed radically. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the work and income of the population and caused changes in lifestyle, leisure, and communication.&#x0D; The urgency of the issue of acquainting student youth with life safety in emergencies is noted. It is noted that the discipline «Safety Science» occupies an essential place in the course of training specialists with a bachelor’s degree.&#x0D; The syllabus of this discipline provides students with mastery of the categorical apparatus of life safety, acquaintance with natural and man-made hazards of the living environment, socio-political hazards, and social hazards, including social conflicts using conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction.&#x0D; Considerable attention should be paid to the issue of teaching students life safety in emergencies. The article considers the content of this topic. The definition of the category «emergencies» is given, and their division into classes is considered. The peculiarities of the creation and activity of the State Emergency Commissions are analyzed. The peculiarities of the functioning of the Unified State System of Civil Protection are considered.&#x0D; The article also considers the specifics of the organization of people’s lives in emergencies, and measures to eliminate their consequences. It is noted that due to emergencies that destroy houses, buildings, roads, contamination of the area with radioactive and chemical substances, flooding, fires, etc., people may find themselves in blockages, damaged, flooded, or burning houses, and other unforeseen situations. As a result, measures are needed to rescue people, provide them with first aid, and evacuate them to medical facilities. At present, in the conditions of hostilities, the ability to provide first aid to victims is gaining relevance. It is crucial to develop such skills in the younger generation; considers the possibilities of forming students’ knowledge about the necessary measures to rescue people, provide them with first aid, and evacuate them to medical institutions. Particularly relevant in the current martial law coverage in the educational process of first aid for people with bleeding, dislocations, fractures, hypothermia, frostbite, thermal and chemical burns, and poisoning by poisons of various origins. Timely provision and proper conduct of first aid are aimed at saving the life of the victim, which has a positive effect on the further successful treatment and prevents the development of serious complications. &#x0D; The issue of basic safety rules during the war requires further scientific research and implementation in the educational process. It is planned to develop several algorithms for action in case of chemical danger, radiation accident, and behavior during hostilities.

Comprehensive Examination of the Determinants of Damage to Houses in Two Wildfires in Eastern Australia in 2013

Wildfires continue to destroy houses, but an understanding of the complex mix of risk factors remains elusive. These factors comprise six themes: preparedness actions (including defensible space), response actions (including defence), house construction, landscape fuels, topography and weather. The themes span a range of spatial scales (house to region) and responsible agents (householders through government to entirely natural forces). We conducted a statistical analysis that partitions the contribution of these six themes on wildfire impact to houses, using two fires that destroyed 200 houses in New South Wales (Australia) in October 2013 (the Linksview and Mt York fires). We analysed 85 potential predictor variables using Random Forest modelling. The best predictors of impact were whether the house was defended and distance to forest toward the direction of fire spread. However, predictors from all four of the other themes had some influence, including distance to the nearest other burnt house (indicating house-to-house transmission) and vegetation cover up to 40 m from the house. The worst-placed houses (undefended, without adequate defensible space, with burnt houses nearby and with a westerly aspect) were 10 times more likely to be impacted than the best-placed houses in our study. The results indicate that householders are the agents most able to mitigate risk in the conditions experienced in these fires through both preparation and active defence.

Dehumanisation Of Moronene Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community In Setting The Boundary Of Ulayat Rights

The determination of the area of customary rights of indigenous peoples is a form of protection for indigenous peoples, a step to overcome vertical conflicts between the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people and conservation or national park managers. This study aims to capture the extent to which the position and existence of Perda no. 4 of 2015 on the recognition of the customary rights of the moronene indigenous people of Hukaea Laea. This type of research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach, the research location is in Watu-Watu Village, Lantari Jaya District and Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Bombana Regency and the data collection of this study is through direct interviews and deductive conclusions are drawn. Based on the results of this study, the forms of dehumanization of the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people include: (1) In 1997 the Moronene Hukaea Laea indigenous people experienced intimidation by the universe broom group such as burning houses and land and in 2002 repeated home destruction and eviction ulayat areas by the government because the Moronene indigenous people are in conservation areas or national parks, the pretext of expulsion and arrest of customary leaders and indigenous peoples of Moronene Hukaea Laea has based on a negative stigma that the existence of indigenous peoples is a group that destroys ecosystems and ecology. (2) In 2015 the stipulation of Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2015 is not substantive because it only regulates the existence of indigenous peoples, not the absolute determination of territory by the Hukaea Laea indigenous people. This is indicated by the policy of the Minister of Forestry which concluded that based on the total population of the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Peoples, only 6,000 hectares could be controlled. Based on this policy, the local government shows inconsistency towards the indigenous Moronene Hukaea Laea after placing its position as a mediator between the Minister of Forestry, conservation area managers, and the Hukaea Laea Indigenous Community.

Konflik Sunni-Syi’ah di Indonesia Kontemporer: Polarisasi, Diskriminasi dan Kekerasan Agama

Abstract: This study examines the conflict between Sunni groups and Syi'ah groups in post-New Order Indonesia. Many studies have revealed the problem of religious sectarianism conflict between the two. Some argue that conflict is triggered by differences in religious identity and theology. Others see economic and political aspects as the main factors triggering religious conflict and violence. Starting from the case of the Sunni-Syi'ah conflict in Jambesari Village (Bondowoso), this study finds an interesting finding that the conflict occurred due to sharpening religious polarization and contestation. At the same time, the infiltration of intolerant religious elites from outside the village also contributed to sharpening polarization, escalating tensions, and even triggering mass acts of violence that were suspected to have originated from Sunni groups over the Syi'ah minority group. Alienation, discrimination, dissolution of recitation, vandalism, and burning of houses belonging to Syi’ah elites are forms of violence both physically and psychologically due to the occurrence of this religious conflict.

The formation of the sanitary service in the Voronezh region in the XVIII–XIX centuries

The aim of the work was to study the history of the formation of the sanitary service in the Voronezh region in the XVIII–XIX centuries. The material of the research was archival materials of the State Archives of the Voronezh Region, the Voronezh Regional Universal Scientific Library named after I.S. Nikitin. The article presents the main historical stages in the development of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the period of the 18th — 19th centuries. Brief information about the first doctors on the territory of the Voronezh province, the raging epidemics of scurvy, typhus, and plague is presented. The most terrible disease that the population of the Voronezh province faced in the first quarter of the 18th century was the plague. Anti-epidemic measures to combat the plague included the establishment of strong outposts and quarantines on the roads, the burning of houses with belongings, horses and cattle, the delay of couriers and the reception of letters through fire with their three times rewriting, the death penalty if the above measures were violated. In the 18th century, the first hospital for the civilian population was opened in the Voronezh region. Medical institutions were poor, poorly equipped, there was an acute shortage of personnel and medical supplies. In 1797, medical boards were organized in the provincial cities, consisting of an inspector, an obstetrician and an operator. The general supervision of hospitals, keeping records of infectious diseases, monitoring the quality of food, conducting forensic medical examinations, and examining patients was entrusted to the council. In the 19th century, cholera became widespread among the population. To prevent the incidence of smallpox, vaccination of the population was carried out since 1802. At the beginning of the 19th century, the replenishment of medical personnel in the Voronezh province was due to midwives. The situation with medical personnel changed only towards the end of the 19th century. The end of the century is characterized by a significant increase in socially significant infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis, syphilis.

Charles Dickens's Sairey Gamp in Eudora Welty's "Petrified Man"

Charles Dickens's Sairey Gamp in Eudora Welty's "Petrified Man" Allison Scheidegger Despite the attested influence of Charles Dickens's novels on Eudora Welty's mother and consequently on Welty herself, nothing has been written on the echoes of Dickens's character Sairey Gamp in Welty's "Petrified Man."1 While in Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewit, Gamp is one of many characters, "Petrified Man" focuses exclusively on multiple extended dialogues with a Gamp-like character: Leota, the garrulous beautician. In a series of beauty parlor appointments, Leota tells her client Mrs. Fletcher about the unfolding effects of a recent visit to the traveling freak show with a friend, Mrs. Pike. The freak show visit becomes the center of the story, enabling self-congratulatory comparison, discussions of childbirth and abortion, and moments of startling recognition—elements also present in Gamp's tales, including a similar freak show plot. Welty's update heightens the themes of self-enhancement and recognition present in Gamp's speeches, using the Gampian grotesque to unsettle contemporary issues surrounding self-representation, particularly for middle-class women. As one of Dickens's most memorable and beloved minor characters, the alcoholic midwife-undertaker Sairey Gamp would have been a familiar figure in Welty's childhood home. In One Writer's Beginnings, Welty recalls that her mother "read Dickens in the spirit in which she would have eloped with him" and emphasizes the lingering influence of his novels on her mother's imagination (842). Welty's mother demonstrated her love by saving her Dickens novels from a house fire; as Welty tells it, "she went back into the burning house, although she was on crutches at the time, and began throwing that set of Dickens out the window to save it" ("An Interview" 213). This action became a family legend, passed down to Welty along with the very same dilapidated Dickens novels "lined up … waiting for" her in the family bookcase (OWB 846).2 Even if she never read Dickens herself, Welty must have grown up steeped in the imaginative atmosphere of the Dickensian grotesque, with its humorous appreciation for the oddities of human character. Welty explores these oddities by bringing the freak show to the beauty parlor in "Petrified Man." [End Page 309] Leota and Gamp share decidedly lower-middle-class pretentions to gentility and bolster their self-image by repeatedly referencing their friendship with an idealized and absent friend. In "Petrified Man," Leota's conversations with her client Mrs. Fletcher are filled with the hovering specter of Leota's friend and fellow beautician, Mrs. Pike. Leota holds forth to the more or less patient Mrs. Fletcher about the excellencies of Mrs. Pike, thereby using Mrs. Pike to validate her own actions and attitudes. Her repeated tales of Mrs. Pike's beauty and success annoy Mrs. Fletcher: when Leota announces that she has promised Mrs. Pike a facial, Mrs. Fletcher retorts, "I bet she needs one" (30). In much the same way that Leota uses her friendship with Mrs. Pike to elevate her own status, at the memorable alcoholic "tea" in Martin Chuzzlewit, Gamp tells her friend Betsey Prig of imagined conversations with Mrs. Harris (a fellow midwife) in order to pay herself indirect compliments. These restaged dialogues between Gamp and Mrs. Harris affirm the personal refinements and professional value of Gamp herself: "'Oh, Mrs Harris, ma'am! your countenance is quite a angel's!' Which, but for Pimples, it would be. 'No, Sairey Gamp,' says she, 'you best of hard-working and industrious creeturs as ever was underpaid at any price, which underpaid you are, quite diff'rent'" (701). Gamp and Leota are aware of the same thing: that the approval of a witness who is conveniently not present for questioning can become a way to strengthen one's own reputation. In repeated self-reflexive references to this absent friend, then, each woman rhetorically enhances herself. The macabre elements of Leota's and Gamp's respective professions underscore their shared interest in self-representation and enhancement. Gamp is a midwife-undertaker and Leota is a beautician: both present their clients in ways that conceal natural bodily processes. Dickens tells us that Gamp "went to a lying-in...