Myanmar Research Articles

Preservation of Genetic Diversity of the Asian Native Goats

Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the relative importance of 10 subpopulations of Asian native goats in preserving genetic diversity was investigated. Analysis of prioritizing by removal of subpopulations identified the subpopulations of Mongolia (MGL), Myanmar (MYA), Cambodian plains (CAM_P), India (IND), and Philippine (PHI) as genetically important subpopulations because their removal resulted in a 6.38% reduction of expected heterozygosity. The removal of the remaining five subpopulations resulted in a 1.45% increase. Likewise, analysis using the core set method identified five subpopulations (MGL, MYA, CAM_P, IND, and PHI) as genetically important subpopulations. Among these five subpopulations, the IND was most important because of low molecular coancestry within itself and between the other subpopulations. The subpopulations of Cambodian mountainous (CAM_M) and Vietnam (VIE) were also considered to be important in this analysis. Based on these two investigations, we concluded that MGL, MYA, CAM_P, IND, and PHI are essential, and that CAM_M and VIE are worth preserving.

Novelties in Myanmar Umbelliferae: a new species of Oenanthe L. and two new floristic records

Novelties in Myanmar Umbelliferae: a new species of Oenanthe L. and two new floristic records

Assessment of HIV/AIDS Preventive Practice among Myanmar Female Sex Workers in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand

Assessment of HIV/AIDS Preventive Practice among Myanmar Female Sex Workers in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand

Chapter 12 Tectonic and metamorphic evolution of the Mogok Metamorphic and Jade Mines belts and ophiolitic terranes of Burma (Myanmar)

The Mogok Metamorphic Belt is a north–south-aligned belt of mainly high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites that extends the length of Burma (Myanmar) along the western margin of the Sibumasu block from the Andaman Sea to the East Himalayan (Namche Barwa) Syntaxis (Figs 12.1 & 12.2). The Mogok metamorphic rocks host some of the world's finest rubies and sapphires, the former mainly from high-grade phlogopite + corundum marbles and the latter from a heterogeneous suite of syenite and charnockites that intrude the metamorphic rocks (Chhibber 1934 a , b ; Iyer 1953; Searle & Haq 1964; Bender 1983; Mitchell et al. 2007; Searle et al. 2007; Themelis 2008). Gem spinels are also found in forsterite-bearing marbles. Gemstones have been mined in the Mogok region since at least the mid-1800s (O'Connor 1888; Gubelin 1965 a , b ; Keller 1982, 1983; Kane & Kammerling 1992). Together with the adjacent Mergui Slate Belt these rocks lie to the west of the Shan Scarp and the Paung Laung-Mawchi Zone, interpreted by Mitchell et al. (2012) as a possible suture zone. We refer to this entire zone of metamorphic rocks, plus the Slate Belt and pre-collisional granites east of the Sagaing Fault and west of the Paung Laung-Mawchi Zone, as the Mogok–Mandalay–Mergui (MMM) Belt; the metamorphic rocks are referred to solely as the Mogok Metamorphic Belt (MMB). Fig. 12.1. Geological terrane map of the Eastern Himalaya, SE Tibet, Burma (Myanmar), Yunnan and Thailand. Lines of cross-sections in Figures 12.2 and 12.5 are shown. NLB, North Lhasa Block; SLB, South Lhasa Block; ITS, Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone; GHS, Greater Himalayan sequence; LHS, Lesser Himalayan sequence; SH, Shillong Plateau; IBR, Indo-Burman Ranges; CB, Central (Chindwin) Basin; SFZ, Sagaing Fault Zone; TPFZ, Three Pagodas Fault Zone; MPFZ, Mae Ping Fault Zone; ST, Shan-Thai …

The Band Touring and the History of Its Music of the Tonsuring Ritual for Buddhists Monks in Myanmar

The Band Touring and the History of Its Music of the Tonsuring Ritual for Buddhists Monks in Myanmar

Men in Myanmar Submerged in Tobacco: Women Following.

Men in Myanmar Submerged in Tobacco: Women Following.

Anticipated stigma in chronic illness patients in Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and relationship of anticipated chronic illness stigma among patients diagnosed with a variety of chronic diseases in three Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4,803 adult chronic disease patients (mean age 49.3 years; SD=16.5) recruited systematically from health facilities. Overall, the results indicate that 20.7% of patients reported that for any of the 12 stigma items, they anticipated they were likely or very likely to experience chronic disease stigma. A multivariate analysis of sociodemographics revealed the following were associated with anticipated chronic disease stigma: older versus younger age, OR (odds ratio) = 0.71; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.58, 0.87]; higher versus lower education, OR = 2.23; 95% CI [1.81, 2.75]; origin from Myanmar or Vietnam, being single, divorced or widowed, rural residence, and health status (having three or more chronic conditions versus having one chronic condition), OR = 1.93; 95% CI [1.58, 2.35]; lower versus higher quality of life, OR = 0.73; 95% CI [0.63, 0.85]); health risk behavior (physical inactivity, poor diet, current smoking, and problem drinking) and low versus medium or high medication adherence (OR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.55,0.86]). This study demonstrated the possible consequences of anticipated stigma on the health and behavior of people living with chronic diseases, and several factors for chronic disease stigma were identified that can help guide interventions to reduce chronic illness stigma in this population.

Conservation and phylogeography of the macaques distributed in Myanmar

Conservation and phylogeography of the macaques distributed in Myanmar

Myanmar Telecommunication Progress in the Last Fifteen Years and Challenges

Myanmar Telecommunication Progress in the Last Fifteen Years and Challenges

Perceptions of emergency medicine and acute care among a cohort of non-emergency medicine health providers in Myanmar

Perceptions of emergency medicine and acute care among a cohort of non-emergency medicine health providers in Myanmar

Fifteen new species of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Southeast Asia.

Fifteen new species from six species groups of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 are described from Southeast Asia: Pholcus hinsonensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. tharnlodensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) from the P. bidentatus species group; P. kottawagamaensis sp. nov. (male & female, Sri Lanka) from the P. ethagala species group; P. cenranaensis sp. nov. (male & female, Indonesia) and P. krachensis sp. nov. (male, Thailand) from the P. gracillimus species group; P. anaiensis sp. nov. (male, Indonesia), P. ballarini sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand), P. gou sp. nov. (male & female, Myanmar), P. wan sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. zhuchuandiani sp. nov. (male & female, Indonesia) from the P. halabala species group; P. chiangmaiensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. taptaoensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) from the P. quinquenotatus species group; P. kaebyaiensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand), P. musensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. songkhonensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) from the P. yichengicus species group.

War in the Wilderness: The Chindits in Burma, 1943-1944

War in the Wilderness: The Chindits in Burma, 1943-1944

A Household Level Analysis of Water Sanitation Associated with Gastrointestinal Disease in an Urban Slum Setting of South Okkalapa Township, Myanmar

A Household Level Analysis of Water Sanitation Associated with Gastrointestinal Disease in an Urban Slum Setting of South Okkalapa Township, Myanmar

The automation of academic and some public libraries in Myanmar – status and challenges

The automation of academic and some public libraries in Myanmar – status and challenges

Long-term clinical, immunological and virological characteristics of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in southern Myanmar

Long-term clinical, immunological and virological characteristics of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in southern Myanmar

HIV-infected female sex workers in Myanmar: a retrospective analysis

HIV-infected female sex workers in Myanmar: a retrospective analysis

국내 및 미얀마에서 재배된 삼채뿌리의 항산화, α-Glucosidase 저해 및 Acetylcholinesterase 저해 활성

This study was conducted to compare the functionality (antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia activities) ofthe methanol extract of Allium hookeri root grown in Korea (KR) and Myanmar (MR). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of KR and MR were 5.27 and 4.80 mg GAE/g, and 0.35 and 0.24 mg QE/g, respectively. KR contained significantly higher levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids than those of MR (p<0.05). The IC50 values of KR and MR were 6.53 and 5.31 mg/mL, respectively, for DPPH radical scavenging activity. However, KR had a significantly higher ABTS radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating ability, and reducing power compared with those of MR (p<0.05). In the evaluation of anti-diabetic activity, KR showed significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity than acarbose and MR at whole concentrations (p<0.05). KR and MR had acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities that of 51.44% and 44.33%, respectively, at a 50 mg/mL concentration. These results suggested that roots of A. hookeri, especially KR, could be useful in improving diabetic and dementia disorders due to their high antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia activities.

Élimination du paludisme en Asie du Sud-Est ? Moyens médicamenteux.

Artemisinin resistance in P. falciparum is spreading in South East Asia and threatens the recent progresses made in the fight against malaria. A race against time has started to eliminate P.falciparum in this region before it becomes resistant to all available treatments. Antimalarials have a central role in the current elimination programme in eastern Burma on the border with Thailand. The combination of artemether and lumefantrine is used in association with primaquine for the early treatment of clinical cases. The slowly eliminated dihydro-artemisinin and piperaquine is the drug of choice in mass drug administration in the foci of high prevalence of sub-microscopic and asymptomatic infections. Initial results after 18 months of activities are promising: the participation of the population was excellent and there was a sharp reduction of P.falciparum incidence without evidence of worsening resistance.

Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Citizenship Behavior among NGO Staff from Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia

This study intended to analyze the antecedents and consequences of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of the staff working at non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. The 640 NGO staff were recruited to participate as the representative samples of this study. A stratified random sampling method was employed to obtain the participants in each country. Respondents were assessed using questionnaires on a 6 point Likert scale to measure the hypothesized structural equation model. A good fit was found for the structural and measurement models of the latent variables through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Positive relationships were found between organizational commitment, servant leadership, organizational citizenship behavior and team effectiveness. The findings emphasize the role played by organizational commitment and servant leadership in promoting desirable behaviors and outcomes for teams. The practical implications of the findings and some interesting methods for future research are discussed.

“I came by the bicycle so we can avoid the police”: factors shaping reproductive health decision-making on the Thailand-Burma border

For over half a century, political conflict combined with an overall lack of economic develop-ment has resulted in the displacement of millions of people both within Eastern Burma and to neighbour-ing Thailand. Given the overarching context, in conflict-affected regions of Burma, women face tremend-ous challenges in trying to obtain high quality, comprehensive reproductive health services. Drawing from interviews we conducted in Tak province, Thailand with 31 migrant and refugee women from Burma, this article explores women’s lived experiences along the border and focuses on the ways that complex, overlapping barriers impact women’s reproductive health decision-making at different points in their reproductive lives. Our results show that reproductive experiences are highly dependent on the woman’s place of living mixed with her legal status and financial resources. Combined with socio-cultural taboos and externalized and internalized stigma, these dynamics blend to place constraints on women’s autonomy and self-actualization. The way in which women’s experiences are shaped by these barriers offers insights into priorities for education and programming to help improve reproductive health services in this protracted conflict setting.