Burkina Research Articles

BURKINA FASO: Counter‐Insurgency Operations

BURKINA FASO: Counter‐Insurgency Operations

Burden and epidemiology of Campylobacter species in acute enteritis cases in Burkina Faso

BackgroundCampylobacter spp. is a significant etiological agent of bacterial gastroenteritis globally. In Burkina Faso (BFA), the actual impact of this pathogen on gastroenteritis is considerably underestimated, primarily due to inadequate surveillance systems.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the proportion of Campylobacter species responsible for acute gastroenteritis among patients of all ages in urban and rural areas of BFA, using molecular biology techniques.Study design & methodsBetween 2018 and 2021, faecal specimens were obtained from 1,295 individuals presenting with acute gastroenteritis. These samples underwent screening for the Campylobacter coli/jejuni/lari complex utilizing real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Subsequently, positive samples were subjected to species-level differentiation through the application of species-specific primers.ResultsCampylobacter spp. was detected in 25.0% (324/1,295) of the samples analysed. The majority of positive samples (95%, 308/324) were obtained from children under 5 years of age. Species identification was performed on a subset of 114 isolates, revealing 51 Campylobacter jejuni, 10 Campylobacter coli, and 53 Campylobacter isolates that remained unspeciated.ConclusionsThis study reveals a significant prevalence of Campylobacter species among patients with acute gastroenteritis, with a particularly high incidence observed in children under 5 years of age. Based on these findings, the implementation of routine Campylobacter surveillance in public health laboratories is strongly recommended to better monitor and address this health concern.

BURKINA FASO: Continuing Insurgency

BURKINA FASO: Continuing Insurgency

Environmental effects of waste electrical and electronic equipment valorization in burkina faso

The valorization of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a challenge for countries around the world, especially for developing countries like Burkina Faso. The main objective of this article is to analyze the environmental effects of WEEE valorization in Burkina Faso. To do this, the regime-switching model, developed by Lee (1978), based on the Heckman correction model, was used. The data used was collected from 414 actors in the WEEE sector in the three major cities of Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, Koudougou, and Bobo Dioulasso. The analysis of the results shows that the methods of WEEE valorization in Burkina Faso pollute the air, soil and water. This pollution results in damages amounting to 242,752,192.6 CFA francs per year, which the sector's actors should include in their investment costs in the form of internalization costs. These costs amount to an average of 560,628.62 CFA francs per year and per actor. The WEEE sector could be improved with the implementation of certain economic policies. These policies include raising awareness among the population on WEEE management, training of stakeholders in the sector on the effective valorization of WEEE and the implementation of strict environmental standards to reduce environmental pollution due to poor WEEE valorization in Burkina Faso.

Forensic autosomal and gonosomal short tandem repeat marker reference database for populations in Burkina Faso

Tandem repeat genetic profiles used in forensic applications varies between populations. Despite the diversity and security issues in the Sahel that require the identification of victims (soldiers and civilians), Burkina Faso (BF) remains understudied. To fill this information gap, 396 unrelated individuals from BF were genotyped using a MICROREADER 21 ID System kit. All 20 short tandem repeat (STR) loci tested passed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test. The combined powers of exclusion for duos (CPE duos) and trios (CPE trios) for the 20 tested loci were 0.9999998 and 0.9999307, respectively. The probability that two individuals would share the same DNA profiles among the BF population was 9.80898 × 10–26. For the X-chromosome STR analysis, 292 individuals were included in this study using a MICROREADER 19X Direct ID System kit. Among the 19 loci, no significant deviations from HWE test were observed in female samples after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05/19 = 0.0026), except for loci GATA165B12 and DXS7423. The results showed that the combined power of exclusion (CPE) and the combined power of discrimination in females (CPDF) and males (CPDM) were 0.999999760893, 0.999999999992, and 1, respectively. Comparison with other African sub-populations showed that geographical proximity is a reliable indicator of genetic relatedness.

Micro-genetic environmental sensitivity across macro-environments of chickens reared in Burkina Faso and France

BackgroundCommercial poultry production systems follow a pyramidal structure with a nucleus of purebred animals under controlled conditions at the top and crossbred animals under commercial production conditions at the bottom. Genetic correlations between the same phenotypes on nucleus and production animals can therefore be influenced by differences both in purebred-crossbred genotypes and in genotype-by-environment interactions across the two environments, known as macro-genetic environmental sensitivity (GES). Within each environment, genotype-by-environment interactions can also occur due to so-called micro-GES. Micro-GES causes heritable variation in phenotypes and decreases uniformity. In this study, genetic variances of body weight (BW) and of micro-GES of BW and the impacts of purebred-crossbred differences and macro-environmental differences on micro-GES of BW were estimated. The dataset contained three subpopulations of slow-growing broiler chickens: purebred chickens (PB) reared in France, and crossbred chickens reared in France (FR) under the same conditions as PB or reared in Burkina Faso (BF) under local conditions. The crossbred chickens were offspring of the same dam line and had PB as their sire line.ResultsEstimates of heritability of BW and micro-GES of BW were 0.54 (SE of 0.02) and 0.06 (0.01), 0.67 (0.03) and 0.03 (0.01), and 0.68 (0.04) and 0.02 (0.01) for the BF, FR, and PB subpopulations, respectively. Estimates of the genetic correlations for BW between the three subpopulations were moderately positive (0.37 to 0.53) and those for micro-GES were weakly to moderately positive (0.01 to 0.44).ConclusionsThe results show that the heritability of the micro-GES of BW varies with macro-environment, which indicates that responses to selection are expected to differ between macro-environments. The weak to moderate positive genetic correlations between subpopulations indicate that both macro-environmental differences and purebred-crossbred differences can cause re-ranking of sires based on their estimated breeding values for micro-GES of BW. Thus, the sire that produces the most variable progeny in one macro-environment may not be the one that produces the most variable offspring in another. Similarly, the sire that produces the most variable purebred progeny may not produce the most variable crossbred progeny. The results highlight the need for investigating micro-GES for all subpopulations included in the selection scheme, to ensure optimal genetic gain in all subpopulations.

Investigation of iron-reducing and iron-oxidizing bacterial communities in the rice rhizosphere of iron-toxic paddy field: a case study in Burkina Faso, West Africa

ABSTRACT Iron (Fe) toxicity in rice is one of the serious problems in some paddy fields in West African areas. Microbial community structures involved in the redox cycle of Fe have not been revealed in the Fe-toxic paddy fields. The present study investigated the bacterial community structure and the abundance of Gallionellaceae, Geobacteraceae, and Anaeromyxobacteraceae, as the representative indicator bacteria of Fe oxidizers and reducers, in the bulk and rhizosphere soils and rice roots of a Fe-toxic paddy field in Burkina Faso (BF)in 2017–2019. Thosein a paddy field in Anjo, Japan (AN) were also analyzed for comparison. The amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that the BF rhizosphere soil was characterized by typical anaerobic bacterial groups like Firmicutes and Deltaproteobacteria, including several potential Fe reducers. The relative abundance of Gallionellaceae, lithotrophic Fe oxidizers, in the BF rice roots was significantly lower than that in the AN rice roots. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that the ratios of Gallionellaceae to Geobacteraceae and to Anaeromyxobacteraceae were higher in the rice roots than in the soils irrespective of the fields. However, the ratios of Gallionellaceae to Geobacteraceae were lower in the BF soils and roots than in the AN soils and roots. The ratios of Gallionellaceae to Anaeromyxobacteraceae in the BF soils were also lower than those in the AN soils. These findings indicated the relative predominance of Geobacter- and Anaeromyxobacter-related Fe reducers over Gallionellaceae-related Fe oxidizers in the rice rhizosphere of the BF field, corresponding well to the circumstances of Fe-toxic soil: higher Fe(II) amounts in the soil. Since Fe(II)-oxidizing activity at rice roots is an important factor as a primary defense system against Fe(II) in the soil solution, the ratios of Gallionellaceae to Geobacteraceae and to Anaeromyxobacteraceae may serve as an indicator of potential Fe(II)-oxidizing activity of rice rhizosphere. Further studies focusing on the activity of Fe oxidizers and Fe reducers at rice roots under effective cultivation practices and in various types of Fe-toxic paddy fields will help to promote a better understanding of the Fe-toxic soil circumstances and to establish sustainable rice cultivation in the Fe-toxic soils.

Penile fracture in burkina faso: our experience on the management of 21 cases

BackgroundPenile fracture is relatively a rare urological emergency and has been the topic of a few publications in the literature through clinical cases or case series. Despite this relative scarcity, it is increasingly reported as one of the andrological emergencies in Burkina Faso. The purpose of this study was to report our experience of the management of such andrological emergency in the two main university teaching hospitals of Burkina Faso.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, including retrospectively patients managed for a penile fracture between January 2016 and September 2021, and having a minimum postoperative follow-up of 6 months. The literature review was performed by analyzing the content of the following documents: consultation logs, patient records, operative report protocol. The parameters studied were age, mechanism of occurrence, clinical data, delay of management, operative technique and functional and morphological results after surgery. Erectile function was assessed by the IIEF5 score and rigidity by the EHS scale.ResultsAmong the 24 cases of penile fracture, 21 patients were included with a median age of 32.7 ± 5.74 years (23–43 years). The most common mechanism was a coital misstep or coitus interruptus (14 patients or 66.7%). Forced self-manipulation/masturbation was noted in 4 cases (19%), and direct trauma to the penis was noted in 3 cases (14.3%). Urethrorrhagia was reported by 5 patients. The mean delay of management was 65 h (6–432 h). The main sign found was the painful swelling of the penis with an “eggplant” appearance. The surgical approach was a circumferential balanopreputial incision in all our patients. Involvement of the spongy body and urethra associated with involvement of the cavernous body was noted in 4 patients, with a single case of spongy body and urethral involvement. The mean length of hospital stay was 3 days. Postoperatively, erectile dysfunction was noted in 6 patients. A palpable nodule at the penis was observed in 12 patients. No patient reported curvature of the penis.ConclusionPenile fracture is a clinical diagnosis requiring early exploration and surgical repair to ensure better functional and morphological outcomes.

High stress related to COVID-19 among health workers in the Plateau Central healthcare region (BURKINA FASO): a cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the mental wellbeing of health workers. The objective of this study was to assess health workers' perceived stress during the response to COVID-19 in the Central Plateau region (Burkina Faso). We conducted a cross-sectional study of health workers in the Central Plateau health region from September 20 to October 20, 2021. Agents' perceived stress was assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Factors associated with high stress (PSS-10 score ≥ 27) were identified by logistic regression. A total of 272 officers participated in the survey. The mean PSS-10 score was 29.3 points (standard deviation: 6.2). Three out of ten agents (68%) had a high level of stress. The main sources of stress were the risk of being exposed to contamination (70%) and being the source of contamination (78%). Working at the referral health center [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.29; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.19-4.41], the hospital as the main source of COVID-19 information (aOR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-3.04), fear of COVID-19 patients being managed at one's center (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.06-3.07) were factors associated with high health worker stress levels during the first wave of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic caused high stress among health care workers in Burkina Faso. Psychological support for health center workers in responding to future epidemics would improve their mental health.

BURKINA FASO: Jihadist Insurgency

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 60, Issue 5 p. 24026A-24027C National Security BURKINA FASO: Jihadist Insurgency First published: 13 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2023.11079.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue5June 2023Pages 24026A-24027C RelatedInformation

BURKINA FASO: Counter‐Insurgency

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 60, Issue 4 p. 23989A-23990B National Security BURKINA FASO: Counter-Insurgency First published: 16 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2023.11032.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue4May 2023Pages 23989A-23990B RelatedInformation

BURKINA FASO: Humanitarian Plan

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 60, Issue 3 p. 24226A-24226C Policy and Practice BURKINA FASO: Humanitarian Plan First published: 05 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2023.11051.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue3May 2023Pages 24226A-24226C RelatedInformation

BURKINA FASO: Militant Activity

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 60, Issue 3 p. 23954A-23956A National Security BURKINA FASO: Militant Activity First published: 10 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2023.10984.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue3April 2023Pages 23954A-23956A RelatedInformation

BURKINA FASO: Jihadist Insurgency

BURKINA FASO: Jihadist Insurgency

BURKINA FASO: French Operation Ends

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 60, Issue 2 p. 23931A-23931C Military BURKINA FASO: French Operation Ends First published: 16 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2023.10953.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue2March 2023Pages 23931A-23931C RelatedInformation

BURKINA FASO: Insecurity Impacts

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 60, Issue 1 p. 24155A-24155B Policy and Practice BURKINA FASO: Insecurity Impacts First published: 13 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2023.10961.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue1March 2023Pages 24155A-24155B RelatedInformation

BURKINA FASO: Agreement Terminated

BURKINA FASO: Agreement Terminated

HOW USING WEATHER AND CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES MAY IMPACT FARM PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY: EVIDENCE FROM COWPEA AND SESAME PRODUCERS IN BURKINA FASO

Weather and climate information services (WCIS) are recognized as a powerful tool to support the management of climate risk in the context of climate variability. However, the picture of its value for agriculture is not yet well evaluated. This study used the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) framework to assess the impact of WCIS use on yield, income and technical efficiency of cowpea and sesame production in Burkina Faso. The study involved 170 farmers from 17 villages including 11 experimental villages exposed to WCIS and 6 control villages not exposed. The study found that farmers exposed to WCIS changed their crop management’s practices. A significant number of farmers used forecasts of the rainy season’ length and the onset date to choose which crop and variety to grow, which location and size of plots to crop. Daily forecast information was used for farm crop operations (choosing the date of land preparation, sowing, fertilizing, weeding, etc.), while the seasonal forecast was used for strategic decision (selection of crop and production site location). The use of farm inputs and labor requirements are different between climate-informed farmers and non-exposed farmers, the latter farmers tending to use more labor. The study showed that cowpea producers using WCIS obtained significantly higher yields (848[Formula: see text]kg/ha on an average compared to 675[Formula: see text]kg/ha for non-WCIS users); higher gross margin (34% higher than non-users). However, the impact of WCIS was not significant for sesame production. This may translate the strong linkage and dependence of the effectiveness of using WCIS with other factors than just climate variability, particularly the ability of the farmer to understand and apply relevant agro-met-advisories and crop–soil–water attributes.

BURKINA FASO: Jihadist Insurgency

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 59, Issue 12 p. 23841A-23842A National Security BURKINA FASO: Jihadist Insurgency First published: 26 January 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2023.10838.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume59, Issue12January 2023Pages 23841A-23842A RelatedInformation

BURKINA FASO: Military Takeover

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 59, Issue 10 p. 23759A-23761C Full Issue BURKINA FASO: Military Takeover First published: 10 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2022.10730.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume59, Issue10November 2022Pages 23759A-23761C RelatedInformation