Buried Water Research Articles

Ground failure and soil erosion caused by bursting of buried water pipeline: experimental and numerical investigations

Pressurized water pipelines buried in an urban environment are prone to bursting failures, threatening public safety and traffic convenience. The limited studies in literature just focused on soil fluidization while few studies considered ground failure, shear strain, soil erosion and the influence of leakage locations during pipe bursts. In this study, extensive experimental tests along with a finite difference method – discrete element method (FDM-DEM) solid–fluid coupling analysis were conducted to investigate these issues. It was disclosed that the failure development during pipe bursts can be divided into three stages, i.e., seepage diffusion, erosion cavity expansion, and soil fluidization. By digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of the experimental results, a wedge-shaped displacement zone in ground was identified, with peak shear strain near its boundaries. Moreover, it was revealed that leakage locations affected the expansion origin of erosion cavity; as the burial depths increased, the ground heave range increased linearly; the maximum water outflow distance was closely related to the internal pressures of buried pipeline, which could be modeled by a square root formula based on turbulent jet theory. Mesoscopic analyses revealed that finer particles were more susceptible to erosion during pipe bursts because of the low possibility of forming strong connections with surrounding particles. The findings yielded from this study can enhance the understanding of pipe bursts and help professionals mitigate potential damage.

Self-assembly and condensation of intermolecular poly(UG) RNA quadruplexes.

Poly(UG) or 'pUG' dinucleotide repeats are highly abundant sequences in eukaryotic RNAs. In Caenorhabditis elegans, pUGs are added to RNA 3' ends to direct gene silencing within Mutator foci, a germ granule condensate. Here, we show that pUG RNAs efficiently self-assemble into gel condensates through quadruplex (G4) interactions. Short pUG sequences form right-handed intermolecular G4s (pUG G4s), while longer pUGs form left-handed intramolecular G4s (pUG folds). We determined a 1.05 Å crystal structure of an intermolecular pUG G4, which reveals an eight stranded G4 dimer involving 48 nucleotides, 7 different G and U quartet conformations, 7 coordinated potassium ions, 8 sodium ions and a buried water molecule. A comparison of the intermolecular pUG G4 and intramolecular pUG fold structures provides insights into the molecular basis for G4 handedness and illustrates how a simple dinucleotide repeat sequence can form complex structures with diverse topologies.

Prototyping of vibration-sensing-actuation device which is contained high-power electrodynamic speaker for diagnosis of actual water main network

Water leakage and bursting due to deterioration of water distribution mains lead to water outages and economic losses. To prevent the accidents, we are conducting research to develop measurements and diagnostic methods for buried water mains. In this study, we focused on the shift in eigenfrequencies of in-plane bending vibration of rings because of deterioration. Therefore, we are developing the vibration-sensing-actuation device which detects the frequency changes of in-plane bending mode. The water distribution network is mainly composed from cast iron pipe. Moreover, the attached facilities for example fire hydrant and water valve are contained. Since attached facilities are fabricated from cast iron component, actual water main network is heavy facilities which have high rigidity. In order to excite the desired in-plane bending mode in heavy components, the proposed sensing-actuation device requires the high-power actuator. In this study, we introduce the high-power electromagnetic actuator more than 100W output into the proposed device. Furthermore, the fundamental operational tests were conducted under the various input signals in the laboratory situations. In addition, the field operation confirmation was performed in an actual water main network.

Experimental modal analysis of in-plane bending vibration mode using actual water main network

Accidents of water leakage and bursting due to deterioration of water pipes cause water outages and economic losses in the surrounding areas. We are conducting research to develop measurement and diagnostic methods for buried water pipes. The graphitic corrosion of water pipes in a buried environment causes a reduction in pipe thickness which leads to strength problems. For this reason, methods for detecting pipe thickness are necessary for evaluating pipe deterioration, however, there is no effective way to analyze pipe thickness today because it cannot be visually observed in a buried environment. In this study, we focused on the shift in eigenfrequencies of in-plane bending vibration of rings due to deterioration. At first, we performed an experimental modal analysis by using a water pipe network which is used in a practical water utility. In addition, we conducted a theoretical analysis based on a model of a two-dimensional ring with coupled incidental attachment. As a result, in-plane bending vibration was observed in the water pipe of actual size. Furthermore, in-plane bending vibration was observed when excited through fire hydrants and it is also observed in pipes that are different material and diameters.

Indazole to 2‐Cyanoindole Scaffold Progression for Mycobacterial Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Achieves Extended Target Residence Time and Improved Antibacterial Activity

AbstractTuberculosis remains a leading cause of death from a single infection worldwide. Drug resistance to existing and even new antimycobacterials calls for research into novel targets and unexplored mechanisms of action. Recently we reported on the development of tight‐binding inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd), which selectively inhibit the bacterial but not the human enzyme based on a differential modality of inhibitor interaction with these targets. Here we report on the striking improvement in inhibitor residence time on the Mtb enzyme associated with scaffold progression from an indazole to 2‐cyanoindole. Cryo‐EM of Lpd with the bound 2‐cyanoindole inhibitor 19 confirmed displacement of the buried water molecule deep in the binding channel with a cyano group. The ensuing hours‐long improvement in on‐target residence time is associated with enhanced antibacterial activity in axenic culture and in primary mouse macrophages. Resistance to 2‐cyanoindole inhibitors involves mutations within the inhibitor binding site that have little effect on inhibitor affinity but change the modality of inhibitor‐target interaction, resulting in fast dissociation from Lpd. These findings underscore that on‐target residence time is a major determinant of antibacterial activity and in vivo efficacy.

Indazole to 2-Cyanoindole Scaffold Progression for Mycobacterial Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Inhibitors Achieves Extended Target Residence Time and Improved Antibacterial Activity.

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death from a single infection worldwide. Drug resistance to existing and even new antimycobacterials calls for research into novel targets and unexplored mechanisms of action. Recently we reported on the development of tight-binding inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd), which selectively inhibit the bacterial but not the human enzyme based on a differential modality of inhibitor interaction with these targets. Here we report on the striking improvement in inhibitor residence time on the Mtb enzyme associated with scaffold progression from an indazole to 2-cyanoindole. Cryo-EM of Lpd with the bound 2-cyanoindole inhibitor 19 confirmed displacement of the buried water molecule deep in the binding channel with a cyano group. The ensuing hours-long improvement in on-target residence time is associated with enhanced antibacterial activity in axenic culture and in primary mouse macrophages. Resistance to 2-cyanoindole inhibitors involves mutations within the inhibitor binding site that have little effect on inhibitor affinity but change the modality of inhibitor-target interaction, resulting in fast dissociation from Lpd. These findings underscore that on-target residence time is a major determinant of antibacterial activity and in vivo efficacy.

Characterization of leakage signatures in buried water pipes by ground penetrating radar(GPR) and instantaneous frequency analysis

The aging and complexity of underground water pipes pose significant challenges to modern society, necessitating long-term monitoring and maintenance to prevent the socioeconomic costs. So, effective nondestructive and geophysical methods are needed to localize the possible leakage areas before any rational opening up is conducted. In this study, we propose a workflow to generate instantaneous frequency slices (IFS) from raw ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Characterizing the horizontal and vertical patterns of water leakage using IFS revealed two key mechanisms—reflections due to the dry and wet interface and absorption due to water distributed in soil—that significantly influence instantaneous frequency. A well-designed real site (Q-Leak), in collaboration with the Water Supplies Department (WSD) of the government, was conducted to replicate typical leakage scenarios, validating the effectiveness of our IFS-based approach. The results of proposed method demonstrate that IFS is a reliable approach for characterizing leakages in buried water pipes, effectively addressing several challenges associated with amplitude slice analysis. Our proposed methodology enriches the toolkit available for large-scale, future-oriented water leakage detection.

Multiple contamination sources, pathways and conceptual model of complex buried karst water system:constrained by hydrogeochemistry and δ2H, δ18O, δ34S, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes

Karst groundwater contamination has emerged as a worldwide environmental and health hazard. Karst aquifers, even for the buried karst systems, have strong contamination sensitivity and great pollution risk due to the good pipe fracture connectivity. The large burial depth and invisible hydrologic connectivity pose a challenge for the diagnosis of the contamination sources and identification of the contamination pathways of buried karst aquifers. To address it, a comprehensive application of hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical investigation combined with multiple isotopes (δ2H, δ18O, δ34S, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr) were performed to elucidate the multiple contamination sources and migration pathways of contaminants in Jinci Spring, a complex buried karst water system. The results obtained highlight that the hydrological connectivity and source availability determine the specific contamination process in buried karst aquifer. Karst aquifer under the river channel is observed to be influenced by the vertical infiltration of polluted river water as indicated by elevated chloride levels (mean 79.4 mg/L) and higher δ2H (mean −8.8 ‰) and δ18O (mean −64.5 ‰) values. Evidenced by the excess of sulfate (mean: 1454 mg/L) and depleted δ34S (mean: −1.6 ‰), the lower karst aquifer may receive the leaking recharge of the mining waste water in the overlying coal seams. The occurrence of nitrate in karst water may be induced by reverse recharge from neighboring confined quaternary aquifers, indicated by the elevated nitrate concentration (15.0–50.8 mg/L) with high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (mean 0.7124). Our findings suggest that over-pumping of deep karst waters may produce additional pollution sources by altering the natural recharge relationship between montanic karst waters and the neighboring pore waters within the basin. Research in this paper improves our understanding of groundwater pollution and hydrological connectivity in buried carbonate aquifers and the protection of karst water resources.

Differential fault-fluid alterations and reservoir properties in ultra-deep carbonates in the Tarim Basin, NW China

The development of high-quality carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs in the ultra-deep (7000–10000 m) Lower Paleozoic strata of the Tarim Basin was substantially related to tectonic evolution, strike-slip faults, and diagenetic fluids. Detailed studies of the influences of tectonic evolution and strike-slip faults on the properties of diagenetic fluids and the development mechanisms of ultradeep carbonate reservoirs under the control of both faults and fluids are required to identify high quality reservoirs. In this study, end-member geochemical indicators of meteoric water, hydrothermal fluid, and formation fluid were constructed based on typical diagenetic mineral and geochemical data obtained from representative wells. Meteoric karst associated with strong tectonic uplift was the main diagenetic event along strike-slip faults in the Tahe area. The Shunbei area was generally affected by buried formation water, and locally by weak meteoric water or hydrothermal fluids. The Tazhong, Shunnan, and Gucheng areas were predominantly affected by strong hydrothermal fluids along strike-slip faults associated with strong volcanic activity, while some wells, such as TZ12, reveal the influence of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Differences in fault fluid types and properties resulted in differential development of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs among the different areas. In the Tahe area, meteoric water alteration along faults formed karst fracture-cavity reservoirs. In the Shunbei area, fault-cavity carbonate reservoirs were formed by strong strike-slip faults, whereas fluid alteration was weak. Hydrothermal dissolution reservoir in the Tazhong area, hydrothermal silicification reservoir in the Shunnan area, and hydrothermal dolomitization reservoir in the Gucheng area are developed, respectively.

Distribution and Main Controlling Factors of Gas and Water in Tight Sandstone Gas Fields: A Case Study of Sudong 41-33 Block in Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, China

Distribution and Main Controlling Factors of Gas and Water in Tight Sandstone Gas Fields: A Case Study of Sudong 41-33 Block in Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, China

Salinity distribution in agricultural land by geophysical, hydrochemical and geostatistical approaches: a pilot area located in Qelabshowah–Belqas, East Nile Delta region, Egypt

The study area is situated in the Qelabshowah–Belqas region, known for its Quaternary deposits. This research aims to demonstrate the two-dimensional (2D) variation of subsurface layers and salinity distribution using geoelectrical data, hydrochemical analysis, and geostatistical analysis. DC resistivity measurements were taken at fifteen vertical electrical sounding (VES) survey points using a Schlumberger array (AB/2 = 100 m) along three profiles. In addition, an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was conducted with a dipole–dipole array across one profile. Seven surface water samples were collected in the area. From the 1D and 2D inversion of VES and ERT data sets, three-to-four geoelectric layers were identified, including unconsolidated surface deposits, saturated clayey sand, saturated sand, and a salt-rich layer. The 2D inversion of VES data revealed an ancient salt-rich layer deposited in swampy conditions over a conductive wet sand layer along profile one due to salt mineral infiltration and dissolution. The 2D inversion of ERT data showed accurate lateral geometric accuracy compared to the 2D inversion of VES data, highlighting geological features, such as caves in the second layer and a buried water canal on the ground surface. Surface water samples showed high salinity levels with sodium hazards, indicating an Na–Cl composition. Geoelectric and hydrochemical data sets were geostatistically analyzed using spherical variogram supported ordinary Kriging interpolation. The analysis indicated weak to moderate spatial dependency for true resistivity parameters, while sodium content (SC) and permeability index (PI) showed strong spatial correlation. The 2D spatial distribution resistivity maps based on the 1D inversion of VES data displayed a general decrease in resistivity with depth, likely due to clay minerals or moist soil in the second layer and saline irrigation water infiltration in the third layer. The 2D spatial distribution of SC and PI showed a high concentration zone, posing a potential risk to agricultural crops regardless of soil permeability. It is recommended to use these maps when cultivating plants that can tolerate high sodium levels during the reclamation process.

Seismic vulnerability assessment of buried water supply and sanitation pipelines using the analytic hierarchy process: a methodology and application

The evaluation of seismic vulnerability in buried pipelines within water supply and sanitation networks stands as a critical endeavor in safeguarding infrastructure against the impacts of earthquakes. In response, this study introduces a systematic methodology rooted in the Vulnerability Index (VI), leveraging the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to allocate weights to factors influencing pipeline seismic behavior. Through the derivation of an expression for calculating the VI based on these weighted factors, our objective is to furnish a comprehensive pipeline classification system, thereby providing a strategic overview of the networks' seismic resilience. This method's practical utility will be exemplified through the examination of concrete cases involving drinking water pipelines (DWP). Furthermore, the scope will extend to encompass sanitation pipelines, thereby validating the methodology's effectiveness across both domains. By systematically assessing the seismic vulnerability of these crucial infrastructures, we aim to fortify their resilience against seismic events, ensuring the continued provision of essential services even in the face of natural disasters. This study's significance lies not only in its contribution to the field of infrastructure resilience but also in its practical implications for urban planning and disaster management. By elucidating the factors influencing pipeline vulnerability and providing a robust framework for assessment, decision-makers can better prioritize resource allocation and mitigation efforts, ultimately enhancing community safety and well-being. Furthermore, the methodology's adaptability and scalability render it applicable to diverse contexts, facilitating its integration into broader risk management strategies. As such, this study serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, engineers, and stakeholders seeking to enhance the resilience of water supply and sanitation networks in earthquake-prone regions. Through informed decision-making and proactive measures, we can build more resilient communities capable of withstanding the challenges posed by seismic hazards.

Evaluation by Liquid Crystal Thermography of Transient Surface Temperature Distribution in Radiant Floor Cooling Applications and Assessment of Analytical and Numerical Models

Abstract The purpose of our study is to evaluate the surface temperature distribution on a radiant floor, particularly focusing on space cooling operations, to assess the presence of nonuniformities. In fact, knowing the temperature difference between the average superficial temperature and the coldest spot can be a useful indication for condensation prevention. Primarily, we performed an experimental campaign in test rooms using temperature sensors and liquid crystal thermography. This allowed us to evaluate the floor temperature distribution both on a local scale, influenced by the discontinuous presence of buried water pipes, and on a macroscale, influenced by internal use, objects, and boundary conditions of the surrounding space. Then, the experimental temperature field on the radiant floor surface has been compared with analytical and numerical models in steady-state and transient phases, respectively. The results indicate limited superficial temperature variations that become more significant at larger tube spacings and under transient conditions. In particular, the numerical transient analysis showed that shortly after a step change in the pipe's temperature boundary condition, a larger variation is locally observable on the floor, which then decays to the new steady-state conditions, presenting more uniformity. However, local effects are generally overshadowed by macro-effects, especially for practical scenarios where many objects, furnishings, and different boundary conditions are present. Finally, as a conservative guideline for the cooling system control, we recommend maintaining the average superficial floor temperature at least 1 °C above the dew point, to account for the described nonuniformities.

Efficient Sampling of Cavity Hydration in Proteins with Nonequilibrium Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and Polarizable Force Fields.

Prediction of the hydration levels of protein cavities and active sites is important to both mechanistic analysis and ligand design. Due to the unique microscopic environment of these buried water molecules, a polarizable model is expected to be crucial for an accurate treatment of protein internal hydration in simulations. Here we adapt a nonequilibrium candidate Monte Carlo approach for conducting grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations with the Drude polarizable force field. The GPU implementation enables the efficient sampling of internal cavity hydration levels in biomolecular systems. We also develop an enhanced sampling approach referred to as B-walking, which satisfies detailed balance and readily combines with grand canonical integration to efficiently calculate quantitative binding free energies of water to protein cavities. Applications of these developments are illustrated in a solvent box and the polar ligand binding site in trypsin. Our simulation results show that including electronic polarization leads to a modest but clear improvement in the description of water position and occupancy compared to the crystal structure. The B-walking approach enhances the range of water sampling in different chemical potential windows and thus improves the accuracy of water binding free energy calculations.

An Investigation into the Physical Mechanisms of Leak Noise Propagation in Buried Plastic Water Pipes: A Wave Dynamic Stiffness Approach

In buried plastic water pipes, the predominantly fluid-borne wave is of particular interest, as it plays a key role in the propagation of leak noise. Consequently, it has been studied by several researchers to determine the speed of wave propagation and its attenuation with distance. These features are encapsulated in the wavenumber. By examining the factors that govern the behaviour of this wavenumber, this paper presents an in-depth examination of the physical mechanisms of leak noise propagation. To achieve this, an alternative physics-based model for the wavenumber is developed, using the concept of the wave dynamic stiffnesses of the individual components within the pipe system, i.e., the water in the pipe, the pipe wall, and the surrounding medium. This facilitates a clear interpretation of the wave behaviour in terms of the physical properties of the system, especially the interface between the pipe and the surrounding medium, which can have a profound influence on the leakage of acoustic energy from the pipe wall into the external medium. Three systems with different types of surrounding medium are studied, and the factors that govern leak noise propagation in each case are identified. Experimental results on two distinct test sites from different parts of the world are provided to validate the approach using leak noise as an excitation mechanism.

The hidden consequences of sea level rise: assessing vulnerability of buried infrastructure to groundwater inundation in American Samoa

Abstract To island nations, sea level rise (SLR) is an existential threat. An insidious and often hidden consequence of SLR is groundwater inundation (GWI), which reduces the unsaturated zone causing flooding, enhanced corrosion, and reduced service life of buried utilities. In the Pacific, SLR may reach 0.6–2.5 m by the end of century, and on Tutuila, American Samoa (AS), apparent SLR is five times the global average, making adaptation planning critically important. This study addresses the climate impact-knowledge-gap regarding AS's infrastructure by combining a numerical groundwater model with buried and surface utility data to map where adaptation efforts should be prioritized. Rigorous studies of GWI are few, and this study is the first to model this phenomenon in the South Pacific. The model estimates that 70 km or 45% of the buried water, electrical, and sewer lines will be inundated, and 28% of present-day roads, 13.6% of buildings, and 20% of water-booster stations will be permanently flooded under a 2.4-m SLR scenario with projected recharge in 2100. These effects are often overlooked by or unknown to policy and decision makers; therefore, building awareness of GWI will help managers in AS and in other island communities to prioritize holistic adaptation actions.

Novel communication system for buried water pipe monitoring using acoustic signal propagation along the pipe

PurposeWireless sensor networks (WSN), as a solution for buried water pipe monitoring, face a new set of challenges compared to traditional application for above-ground infrastructure monitoring. One of the main challenges for underground WSN deployment is the limited range (less than 3 m) at which reliable wireless underground communication can be achieved using radio signal propagation through the soil. To overcome this challenge, the purpose of this paper is to investigate a new approach for wireless underground communication using acoustic signal propagation along a buried water pipe.Design/methodology/approachAn acoustic communication system was developed based on the requirements of low cost (tens of pounds at most), low power supply capacity (in the order of 1 W-h) and miniature (centimetre scale) size for a wireless communication node. The developed system was further tested along a buried steel pipe in poorly graded SAND and a buried medium density polyethylene (MDPE) pipe in well graded SAND.FindingsWith predicted acoustic attenuation of 1.3 dB/m and 2.1 dB/m along the buried steel and MDPE pipes, respectively, reliable acoustic communication is possible up to 17 m for the buried steel pipe and 11 m for the buried MDPE pipe.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough an important first step, more research is needed to validate the acoustic communication system along a wider water distribution pipe network.Originality/valueThis paper shows the possibility of achieving reliable wireless underground communication along a buried water pipe (especially non-metallic material ones) using low-frequency acoustic propagation along the pipe wall.

Structural Assessment of a Water Reservoir Masonry Vaulted Roof from the Nineteenth Century

This article presents an experimental and numerical study on the structural safety of an old buried water reservoir built in the second half of the nineteenth century. The main goal of the study was to assess the feasibility of changing the reservoir roof from a garden with limited access to an outdoor exhibition or concert area, with an increase in service loads. The reservoir comprises a set of cylindrical vaults, built with rubble masonry and lime mortar, supported by a set of stone masonry arches and columns. Because no original design elements exist, the following methodology was followed: (1) a structural survey was first carried out for geometrical and material identification and for assessment of anomalies; (2) core samples were extracted from the vaulted roof to characterize the material properties of the rubble masonry and lime mortar; (3) a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element (FE) model of the structure was developed and used for structural safety verification; and (4) an in-situ static load test was carried out, in which the roof was subjected to a uniformly distributed load for assessment of its structural response and to validate the results from the numerical model. Overall, this study showed that the vaulted roof of the water reservoir has sufficient load capacity for its future use. Moreover, this work illustrates the application of a comprehensive methodology to assess the structural safety of a historical and very particular type of construction.

Application of Digital Twin in the Industry of Axial Hollow-Wall Pipes

With the increasing demand for automation in agriculture, more and more researchers are exploring the application of digital twin in agricultural production. However, existing studies have predominantly focused on enhancing resource utilization efficiency and improving irrigation control systems in agricultural production through the implementation of digital twins. Unfortunately, there is a noticeable research gap when it comes to applying digital twins specifically to buried water conveyance pipelines within an agricultural irrigation infrastructure. Focusing on the long-term performance requirements of buried pipelines in agricultural irrigation and drainage, this study established a digital twin system for the industry of axial hollow-wall pipes with an outer diameter of 200 mm, specifically designed for this field of operation. The system was used to optimize the end-forming process of axial hollow-wall pipes, resulting in improved leak tightness under internal pressure and angular deflection of the pipes. The study suggests that the most effective method for the end-forming process of axial hollow-wall pipes is to heat the pipe for 60 s at the ambient temperature of 15 °C, with heating temperatures of 225 °C on both the inner and outer sides. Additionally, preheating the stamping equipment to 70 °C and controlling the cooling temperature, during pipe detachment, to between 35 °C and 45 °C is recommended. In terms of the leak tightness under internal pressure and angular deviation, the study found that increasing the thickness of the protruding end of the sealing ring to 16 mm, and shortening the chamfer length to 20 mm, while maintaining the same slope, can enhance the sealing effectiveness of the pipeline interface. The implementation of the digital twin system improves the production efficiency of the hollow pipe production line during the end-forming process, resulting in a yield rate of the pipe of up to 95% for qualified products. Moreover, the system provides intelligent closed-loop feedback which ensures the long-term operation and maintenance of the pipelines, making it easier to identify problems and implement design improvements. By doing so, it contributes to ensuring the long-term stability of related agricultural production.

Determination of geo-stress in deep strata incorporating borehole diametral deformation measurement and overcoring

In deep energy engineering such as coal mining, oil & gas extraction, underground hydropower projects and deep buried water tunnels, rock failure and large deformation hazards often occur due to the complicated geological conditions and high geo-stress. Knowledge of the geo-stress state is an essential content in deep rock engineering. The complex environment of high temperature and high hydraulic pressure in deep rock mass makes geo-stress measurement more difficult than shallow strata. In this study, a novel method for geo-stress measurement based on the cross-sectional borehole diametral deformation is proposed. A borehole diametral deformation gage (BDD gage) is developed based on the measurement method. The scheme design of multi-contacts and micro-optical imaging avoid the influence of the high temperature and high hydraulic pressure environment. The results of the calibration experiment show that the measurement accuracy of BDD gage reaches 3 μm. Incorporating with the wireline coring tool for rapid overcoring, geo-stress measurement in deep vertical borehole via stress relief is realized. Field test procedure is summarized and application is carried out in a deep borehole of limestone stratum in Guizhou Province, China. Measurement process is verified to be rapid and simple. Measurement results including magnitude and direction of principal stresses are consistent with the results from hydraulic fracturing method. Special discussions were conducted on the measurement error of BDD gage and the improvement design of wireline coring tools. This article provides new ideas for geo-stress measurement in deep borehole.