Burden Of Exercise Research Articles

Role of echocardiography on early diagnosis of atrial remodelling and fibrosis in elite athletes.

There is emerging data indicating that long-standing vigorous exercise may be associated with atrial structural remodelling. This remodelling process is may be the cause of the increasing frequency of atrial arrythmias in athletes. Early diagnosis of atrial remodelling by atrial imaging could have a role in management of atrial arrythmias in elite athletes. In this study we aimed to diagnose early phases of atrial remodelling in elite athletes. Two groups of athletes including professional weight lifters (n = 33), professional marathoners (n = 32) and sedentary participants (n = 30) were enrolled. We also studied patients who received cardiotoxic chemotherapy (n = 10) for comparison. Serum TGF-beta level as a marker of fibrosis was measured. Both left atrial (LA) 3D volume and strain values were analysed. There was a positive correlation between serum TGF-beta levels and LA volumes and negative correlation between TGF-beta levels and strain values. TGF-beta levels were higher among chemotherapy and weight lifter groups, compared to control and marathoner groups [mean 0.57 ± 0.3 and 0.55 ± 0.2 vs. 0.45 ± 0.2 and 0.47 ± 0.2, respectively, p = 0.005]. LA volumes were higher among chemotherapy and weight lifter groups [median 33 (26-38) and 31 (23-36) respectively, p = 0.005], and strain values were lower in these two groups [mean 20.3 ± 2.5 and 24.6 ± 4.5, respectively, p < 0.005] compared to control and marathoner groups. Total exercise volume was higher in weight lifter group compared to marathoners [13,780 (2496-36,400) vs. 4732 (780-44928), respectively, p = 0.001]. There wasn't any difference between any group regarding left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. Vigorous exercise causes atrial remodelling and fibrosis in elite athletes. Strength exercise carries higher risk for atrial fibrosis than endurance exercise. Burden of exercise is correlated with the severity of cardiac fibrosis. Echocardiographic evaluation of the left atrium and TGF-beta levels may help to detect subclinical cardiac remodelling and fibrosis.

Patient perspectives on participation in exercise-based rehabilitation for Achilles tendinopathy: A qualitative study

BackgroundAchilles tendinopathy (AT) is common, and can be traumatic or insidious in onset and short-lasting or persistent in nature. Factors influencing the experience of pain are poorly understood; little is known about mechanisms driving pain and the response (or lack of) to rehabilitation. Despite this, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of exercise to manage AT. Interestingly, variation in exercise approach does not appear to significantly impact outcome. Patients’ perceptions of factors related to rehabilitation that may influence outcome could provide a valuable addition to help guide future research and practice. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to gain an insight into patients’ experiences of participating in an exercise-based rehabilitation programme for AT. MethodA qualitative interpretive description design. Data generated from semi-structured interviews were analysed thematically using the guidelines set out by Braun and Clarke. FindingsThis is the first study to use a qualitative method of inquiry to gain data on the experiences of people undertaking exercise-based rehabilitation for AT. The four major themes that were identified from the data were: (1) ‘understanding the impact’ (2) ‘expectations’ (3) ‘what matters’ and (4) ‘the burden of exercise’. ConclusionsGiven the uncertainty surrounding the mechanisms of effect of our treatments, the insights provide a platform from which researchers and clinicians can consider further in the management of people with Achilles tendinopathy. Specifically, it has highlighted that patients value a flexible, supportive approach embracing the biopsychosocial impact of AT on the individual.

Latihan Pliometrik dan Latihan Berbeban terhadap JumpingSmash Atlet Bulutangkis

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of plyometric training and weight training on the UKO Padang State University (UNP) Badminton Jumping Smash. This research method is a quasi-experimental method. The results of this study indicate that: 1) plyometric exercises have a significant influence on the leg muscle explosive power to support jumping smash of badminton athletes, 2) burdened training gives a substantial effect on leg muscle explosive ability to help to drop crash of badminton athletes, 3) plyometric exercises with exercise burden was carry out together. There is a significant effect on leg muscle explosive power to support the jumping smash of badminton athletes. Conclusion, burden training has a substantial impact on leg muscle explosive ability to support the badminton athlete's jumping smash&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Plyometric and Load Training, Jumpingsmash

Cardiac Remodeling in Middle-Aged Endurance Athletes and Recreationally Active Individuals: Challenges in Defining the “Athlete's Heart”

Chronic endurance exercise is known to elicit cardiac morphologic and functional adaptations collectively known as the “athlete's heart.” 1 Paterick T.E. Gordon T. Spiegel D. Echocardiography: profiling of the athlete's heart. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014; 27: 940-948 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar Yet the extent to which exercise burden and other phenotypic factors dictate the extent of cardiac remodeling remains understudied. While there are significant data in younger, elite athletes, reference values for cardiac morphology in long-standing, middle-aged endurance athletes (EAs) performing high-volume exercise, particularly when compared with recreationally active adults (RECs) who perform recommended levels of physical activity, remain limited. We therefore evaluated cardiac structure and training-related factors associated with cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that middle-aged EAs would have greater cardiac remodeling than RECs. We further hypothesized that a higher peak rate of oxygen consumption ( V ˙ O2peak) and greater weekly exercise hours would predict a larger left ventricular (LV) volume.

The Burden of Exercise by Generations

The Burden of Exercise by Generations

Barriers to home-based exercise program adherence with chronic low back pain: Patient expectations regarding new technologies

ObjectiveTo assess views of patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) concerning barriers to home-based exercise program adherence and to record expectations regarding new technologies. DesignQualitative study based on semi-structured interviews. ParticipantsA heterogeneous sample of 29 patients who performed a home-based exercise program for cLBP learned during supervised physiotherapy sessions in a tertiary care hospital. InterventionsPatients were interviewed at home by the same trained interviewer. Interviews combined a funnel-shaped structure and an itinerary method. ResultsBarriers to adherence related to the exercise program (number, effectiveness, complexity and burden of exercises), the healthcare journey (breakdown between supervised sessions and home exercise, lack of follow-up and difficulties in contacting care providers), patient representations (illness and exercise perception, despondency, depression and lack of motivation), and the environment (attitudes of others, difficulties in planning exercise practice). Adherence could be enhanced by increasing the attractiveness of exercise programs, improving patient performance (following a model or providing feedback), and the feeling of being supported by care providers and other patients. Regarding new technologies, relatively younger patients favored visual and dynamic support that provided an enjoyable and challenging environment and feedback on their performance. Relatively older patients favored the possibility of being guided when doing exercises. Whatever the tool proposed, patients expected its use to be learned during a supervised session and performance regularly checked by care providers; they expected adherence to be discussed with care providers. ConclusionsFor patients with cLBP, adherence to home-based exercise programs could be facilitated by increasing the attractiveness of the programs, improving patient performance and favoring a feeling of being supported. New technologies meet these challenges and seem attractive to patients but are not a substitute for the human relationship between patients and care providers.

RESEARCH ON FOOT REGION MESSAGE FOR AN ATHLETE RECOVERING FROM TIREDNESS

Purpose: Foot region message has produced definite effects on many kinds of cases of illnesses. But a report on foot region message—influence on recovery after sport has not been made yet. The research studies foot region message—influence on an athlete—recovery from tiredness through the foot region message after a swimming player-large burden sport, intending to provide an effective method for athletes to recovery from tiredness. Research Method: 12 swimming men players who are 18–20 years old have not taken any medicines before and after the experiment and do not have any record of incretion case history. The experiment period is the first month when the athletes begin winter training. According to the coach—arrangement, the strength and amount of exercise of the training are increased by degrees in the first and second weeks. The exercise burden in the second week is maintained in the third week. It is a recovery training in the forth week. The athletes are divided into 1) a comparison group of 6 persons that have a normal rest in the evening; 2) and an experiment group of 6 persons that have an foot region message for 30 minutes before going to bed. Before the experiment, take the athletes—empty quiet intravenous blood at 7:30 to 8:30 in the morning in the first and second weeks and after the forth week. Measure total testosterone and cortisol in blood serum through radio immunity. The experiment data is processed through statistics. Research Result: The average value of such indexes as CK and BUN of the experiment group is lower than that of the comparison group (p < 0.01). Investigation result through subjective sense: in sleeping aspect, the experiment group falls into sleep quicker and dreams less. The experiment group finds itself better recovery from muscles tiredness. The differences in urinate times and morning pulses between the experiment group and the comparison group is not evidently. Conclusion: Foot region message may quicken to the speed to clear up the metabolic wastes such as CK and BUN after athletes—large burden sport. Foot region message may adjust the nerve center to improve sleeping and quicken the recovery of nervous system effectively.

FOOT REGION MESSAGE?? INFLUENCE ON AN ATHLETE?? BLOOD TESTOSTERONE AND CORTISOL

Purpose of Research: Through an experiment, observe foot region messageí influence on an athleteí blood testosterone and cortisol after violent sport, intending to find a safe and effective method to restore and improve the blood testosterone level of the athlete. Research Method: 12 swimming men players who are 18–20 years old have not taken any medicines before and after the experiment and do not have any record of incretion case history. The experiment period is the first month when the athletes begin winter training. According to the coachí arrangement, the strength and amount of exercise of the training are increased by degrees in the first and second weeks. The exercise burden in the second week is maintained in the third week. It is a recovery training in the forth week. The athletes are divided into 1) a comparison group of 6 persons that have a normal rest in the evening; 2) and an experiment group of 6 persons that have an foot region message for 30 minutes before going to bed. Before the experiment, take the athletesí empty quiet intravenous blood at 7:30 to 8:30 in the morning in the first and second weeks and after the forth week. Measure total testosterone and cortisol in blood serum through radio immunity. The experiment data is processed through statistics. Research Result: The athletes of the comparison groupí testosterone values mensurated each time do not change evidently. The values decline a little after large burden in the first and second weeks. The average value does not decline after the recovery training in the forth week. The athletes of the experiment groupí testosterone values do not change evidently after the training in the first week, increase a little in the second week, and the average value increase 16.23% after the recovery training in the forth week. The athletes of the comparison groupí cortisol morning quiet values do not change evidently during the experiment period. The athletes of the experiment groupí cortisol gradually reduce during the experiment period. The cortisol concentration reduces evidently after the foot region message (p < 0.01) compared with before experiment. Correspondingly, the ratio of blood testosterone and cortisol of the athletes of the experiment group increases evidently (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Foot region message has definite effect on maintaining and improving athletesí blood testosterone level during large burden training. And no evidence being adverse to the improvement of body sport ability is found.