Bunch Weight Research Articles

Enhancing yield and fruit quality of date palm (Phoenix dactyllifera L., cv. Zaghloul) using nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizer

The present investigation was carried out during two successive seasons of 2018 / 2019 and 2019/ 2020 on 15 years old date palm trees of Zaghloul cv. grown in sandy soil in a private orchard at El-Behira governorate, Egypt. The research was aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizers comparing with conventional mineral fertilizers on yield and fruit quality, four doses of nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizer (75, 150, 300 and 600g/ palm/ year) were applied compared to the conventional nitrogen and potassium mineral fertilizers as a control. Different fertilization treatments significantly affected palm yield and fruit quality during both seasons. Treatment of 600g of nano N and K fertilizers produced higher values of tree yield and bunch weight, fruit volume, and fruit length in both seasons. Meanwhile, 600g of nano-fertilizer and control treatments gave the highest fruit and flesh weight. The obtained results also showed fruit content of total soluble solids, total and reducing sugars was significantly increased by nano-fertilizer treatment at 600 and 300g per palm and improved significantly N, P, and K content. Whereas treatment with 75 and 150g nano-fertilizer gave higher values of total tannins and total phenols contents in Zaghloul fruits in both seasons. According to the current study, nano-fertilizer improved date palm yield, fruit quality and nutritional status.

Effect of Pruning on Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

The objectives of this study were to determine whether bud pruning severity impacts some pomological traits of white and red varieties of table grapes. Vine canes were pruned to 3 or 6 buds in 12-year-old vines in conventional systems. Results revealed that number of bunches, bunch weight, bunch width, number of shot berries, and berries per bunch was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the bud pruning, whereas bud pruning had no significant effect on bunch length. In general, moderate bud pruning can enhance the nutritional quality of table grapes.

Genetic gains for obtaining improved progenies of oil palm in Colombia

The success of breeding programs depends on the available genetic variability and the adequate selection of parents to produce seeds that generate added value to the developed cultivars that solve limiting problems of the crops. The determination of genetic gain is a powerful tool to advance the selection of outstanding progenitors that are subsequently used to obtain improved cultivars for traits of interest. With the main objective of calculating the genetic gain in different cycles, this research evaluated the yield, vegetative parameters, and oil production components in two oil palm populations identified as C0-Monterrey and C1-Vizcaina. The analysis was carried out using the analysis of variance. Genetic variation and heritability coefficients for all the evaluated traits were also calculated to obtain the components of phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental variation. Genetic gains (Δg) were more representative in the yield traits of fresh fruit bunches, with 19%, for the number of bunches per plant, with a Δg of 18.7%, and for the oil to bunch with a Δg of 6%. Low environmental influences were observed in the phenotypic variation for the different traits evaluated. Finally, high heritability values were observed for genetic traits such as height increase, with 93%, and average bunch weight, with 85%. The development of new progenies using elite dura-type female parents derived from these evaluated populations, with excellent yields of fresh fruit, bunch components, and slow growth, will be the future of oil palm cultivation. In the meantime, progeny trials must focus on improving the ability to select outstanding parents for the best DxP progenies.

Improving fruit set and yield of tissue cultured date palm cv. Berhi by using a combined pollination technique

Tissue-cultured (TC) date palms produce no fruit or low yield due to abnormal fruit setting. To improve the yield of TC ‘Berhi’ palms, trees were pollinated using five pollen sources (Gantar, Ghannami, Mazafati, Zahedi, and Jarvis). The experiment was carried out in three replications for two successive years in a randomized complete blocks design. The fruit set, the fruit and seed physical traits at the Khalal stage, bunch weight at the Tamar and Khalal stages, ripeness of Tamar bunch, and the fruit quality at both Khalal and Tamar stages were measured and monitored. Year factor significantly affected the fruit set and the fruit and seed characteristics. Pollen sources affected fruit set and some seed characteristics significantly. Zahedi+Jarvis pollen treatment that induced 50% normal fruit set and the highest ratio of pulp to seed was found superior. It was also a top treatment in Khalal’s bunch weight (3.11 Kg). Zahedi+Gantar treatment was realized superior in Tamar’s bunch weight (6.00 Kg). Ghannami, Jarvis+Ghannami, and Zahedi+Jarvis treatments produced Khalal’s fruits with higher quality indices but Zahedi+Jarvis treatment was superior in fruit quality at the Tamar stage. Overall, the combined application of Zahedi and Jarvis pollens yielded the most desired outcomes.

Farklı Dikim Sistemlerinin ‘Azman’ Muz Çeşidinin Büyüme ve Verim Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri

The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and yield of the Azman banana (AAA, Cavendish subgroup) variety subjected to increasing planting densities. The trial was prepared using single (1.8 x 2.0 m), pair (1.2 x 1.2 x 2.0 m), and triangle (1.5 x 1.8 m) row planting systems. There was a significant difference in pseudostem length, pseudostem circumstance, leaf length, and leaf width with regard to different planting systems. Maximum pseudostem length was observed in the single row system (216.00 cm), but maximum pseudostem circumstance was observed in the triangular row system (64.00 cm). The influence of plant population on yield and yield attributing characters were markedly observed. According to the planting systems, single row planting had the highest bunch weight of 34.66 kg, while no statistical difference could be determined in pair and triangular row planting. When the parameters related to the fruit were examined, there was no statistical difference between planting systems in terms of hand and finger numbers, but a significant difference was found between finger length and diameter. 
 At the end of the study, it is concluded that spacing of 1.2 x 1.2 x 2.0 m (pair row) gave higher total banana yield and economic profit than the spacing of 1.5 x 1.8 m (triangular row). However, longer and wider fruits were obtained in plant spacing 1.8 x 2.0 m (single row). Therefore, when calculated as the plant planted per decare and bunch weight, it was concluded that pair row planting can be recommended for banana growers.

Desempenho Agronômico de Clones-elites de Bananeiras tipo ‘Prata’ (AAB) tolerantes à murcha de Fusarium

Abstract The evaluation of new banana genotypes with agronomic potential and tolerant to the main pests and diseases is essential for the market. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative and productive characteristics of new potential banana clones, such as ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ and commercial cultivars. The experiment was implemented in a rural property located in the municipality of Nova Porteirinha, MG. The treatments consisted of ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and ‘Prata Gorutuba R2’ banana clones (genotypes selected from the ‘Prata Anã’ clone ‘Gorutuba’ tolerant to Panama disease) and four cultivars: ‘Prata Gorutuba’, ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘BRS Princesa’. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications and six useful plants per plot. The planting spacing used was 3.5 m x 1.7 m. The evaluations were carried out in the first and second production cycles. The ‘Prata Gorutuba R1’ and’ Prata Gorutuba R2’ clones in general showed excellent performance compared to the already consolidated cultivars. The clones presented median height and number of leaves in the ideal flowering for banana trees of the ‘Prata’ subgroup. Bunch and bunch weight, as well as production were similar to the ‘Prata Anã’, ‘Prata Gorutuba’ and ‘BRS Princesa’ cultivars. Considering that the clones evaluated present high tolerance to Fusarium wilt, the result indicates that the materials have great potential for the registration of new cultivars.

Performance of three oil palm varieties on the East Coast of North Sumatra

The planting material, environmental conditions, and agricultural practices determine the oil palm performance. This research aimed to observe the performance of three oil palm varieties produced by IOPRI in Adolina Estate, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra. Adolina Estate is located on the eastern part and has a distinctive equatorial rainfall type with a sandy clay loam soil texture. The DyP Dumpy, DxP PPKS 540, and DxP Langkat varieties have been planted since 2010 in the same block with similar soil conditions and agricultural practices with total samples of 101, 147, and 124 trees, respectively. The growth parameters were height, length of rachis, petiole cross-section (PCS), and leaf area (LA), while the production parameters observed included the average bunch number, bunch weight, and yield. The results showed that DyP Dumpy had the slowest height growth with the most extended rachis length. DxP PPKS 540 has the highest average of PCS and LA, while the DxP Langkat had the fastest height growth and shortest rachis length. Furthermore, the DxP PPKS 540 variety produced the highest average yield, 24.85 tons ha−1, while DyP Dumpy and DxP Langkat have 23.19 tons ha−1 and 23.95 tons ha−1, respectively.

Floor management of banana orchard using banana biomat mulch and leguminous cover crop for sustainable production

The experiment was carried out at ICAR-AICRP on Fruits, Mohanpur centre of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mondouri, Nadia, West Bengal in Randomized Block Design with 6 treatments viz., T₁: Banana Biomat Mulch (BBM) @ 30 kg fresh/m2 + Leguminous Cover Crops (LCC) @ 3g seeds/m2 + 0% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T₂: T₁ + 25% RDF, T₃: T₁ + 50% RDF, T₄: T1 + 75% RDF, T₅: T₁ + 100% RDF and T₆: Control – conventional practices (no BBM & LCC) with 100% RDF. Treatments were imposed thrice a year on orchard floor of banana cv. Martaman. Observations were recorded on suppression of weed growth, weed control efficiency, soil moisture conservation, status of organic carbon content, bunch weight, finger weight, TSS and B: C ratio. The results of the investigation revealed that application of BBM+LCC with 75 or 100% of RDF (T4 & T5) significantly suppressed weed growth in orchard floors (176.01 g fresh weeds/ m2) and increased weed control efficiency (87.85%) and soil moisture conservation (20.01% to 20.34% vegetative growth & 22.64% to 23.64% during reproductive growth), soil organic carbon content (0.81%) and higher bunch weight, finger weight, TSS and B: C ratio (19.43 kg, 118.31 g, 21.26 °Brix and 3.11, respectively), as compared with conventional practice (T6 : control) and rest of the treatments T1, T2 & T3 (BBM + LCC and RDF @ 0-50%).

Influence of hand trimming and bunch feeding of nutrient on yield and yield attributes of banana cv. Grand Naine

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Instructional Farm, ACH, and Soil and Water Management Research Unit Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) to assess the effect of hand trimming and bunch feeding on yield and yield attributes parameters of banana cv. Grand Naine. The investigation comprised of ten treatments and each treatment was repeated thrice in CRD. The treatments viz. Control (T1), KNO3 1% without trimming (T2), KNO3 2% without trimming (T3), SOP 1.5% without trimming (T4), SOP 2.0% without trimming (T5), KNO3 1% with trimming of one apical hand (T6), KNO3 2.0% with trimming of one apical hand (T7), SOP 1.5% with trimming of one apical hand (T8), SOP 2.0% with trimming of one apical hand (T9) and 300g cowdung slurry + 10g SOP +20g ammonium sulphate (T10) were imposed on banana plants of cultivar ‘Grand Naine’. Banana bunch feeding with 300g cow dung slurry + 10g SOP + 20g ammonium sulphate recorded the maximum bunch weight, fruit yield, weight of 3rd hand, finger length, finger girth and finger weight in the pooled study.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL ACIDITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BANANA (Musa spp.) IN URABÁ, COLOMBIA

Soil acidity plays an important role in the productivity of export bananas as it affects nutrient availability and phytotoxicity depending on soil pH. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between soil pH and banana productivity in Uraba, Colombia. The study was conducted at the Ramiro Jaramillo Sossa experimental station, Banana Research Center (Cenibanano), Urabá, Antioquia. The sampling grid consisted of 110 points. Determination of pH was conducted in situ, and soil samples were processed in the laboratory using two solutions: distilled water and KCl. Significant differences were found between the solutions, aluminum extraction and field sampling. Additionally, the presence of Al3+ was confirmed in the pH range H2 O 5.5. Finally, the pH values were pH KCl pH H2 O pH in-situ. The latter best explained the behavior of bunch weight, indicating that in situ determination of pH better reflects the real conditions of this variable, with a greater relationship with productivity.

Agronomic performance of table grape cultivars affected by rootstocks in semi-arid conditions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the grape cultivar combined with rootstocks on yield and fruit traits of grapevine in the São Francisco Valley, in the Northeast of Brazil. The experiment was carried out over eight growing seasons (2014 to 2018) in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The treatments were represented by five seedless table grape cultivars (A Dona, Arizul, Marroo Seedless, BRS Clara, and BRS Maria Bonita) and six rootstocks (IAC 313, IAC 766, IAC 572, SO4, Harmony, and Paulsen 1103) in a randomized block experimental design with three replicates. Principal component analysis showed that 59.2% of the variation found in the data was related to principal component (PC) 1 (42.76%) associated with the number of bunches and berry weight, length, and diameter variables; and PC 2 (16.4%) correlated with yield per vine. The yield per vine showed a significant positive correlation with number of bunches, bunch length, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity, and showed a negative correlation with berry length. A Dona and Marroo Seedless grapes had the highest yield, regardless of the rootstocks they were grafted onto, whereas BRS Clara had high values for soluble solids content and titratable acidity and a balanced SS/TA ratio. In contrast, BRS Maria Bonita had the lowest yielding grape cultivar, although it had the greatest bunch weight and berry length. The rootstocks affected the agronomic performance of the table grape cultivars in most variables, depending on the effect of different grape cultivars × rootstock combinations.

Componentes de rendimento e atributos físicos da videira ‘BRS Magna’ sobre diferentes porta-enxertos

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Magna’ was released with the aim of improving the colour, sweetness, and flavour of Brazilian grape juice. Therefore, it is necessary to test this cultivar on different rootstocks in order to identify the canopy/rootstock combinations that best contribute to the purpose of the enterprise under cultivation conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the yield components and physical characteristics of the bunch and berry of the ‘BRS Magna’ grapevine. The research was conducted in the vineyard established in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), located in the municipality of Pato Branco, Paraná. The ‘BRS Magna’ was grafted onto 10 rootstocks: ‘Kober 5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘420A’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Freedom’, ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, and ‘101-14 MGT’. For three agricultural years, production, productivity, vegetative vigor, number of bunches, and average bunch weight per plant, length and width of bunch and berry, as well as average berry weight were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed a interaction between rootstocks and production years for all variables. ‘BRS Magna’ showed alternation in yield components, vegetative vigor and physical characteristics of bunch and berry between the evaluated crops. Under the cultivation conditions studied, the recommended rootstock for the ‘BRS Magna’ cultivar is ‘IAC 572 Jales’. On the other hand, ‘101-14 MGT’ and ‘420 A’ are not recommended as rootstock for this cultivar.

Godavari Ratna - New Oil Palm Hybrid Released for Coastal Region of Maharashtra

Palm oil is an important source of vegetable oil used in a wide range of products. In India, an area of 19.33 lakh ha in 18 states is identified as the potential area for oil palm cultivation by various Expert Committees constituted by the Government of India. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), being a potential carbon-sequestering perennial crop by biological means, has helped in mitigating global warming and climatic fluctuations. Considering the need for potentially high-yielding oil palm variety for plantation, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research (IIOPR), Pedavegi, supplied ten new hybrids for testing their performance under different agro-climatic conditions in India. The present study conducted under the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Palms (Oil palm) at the College of Horticulture, Mulde, Maharashtra revealed that out of ten different hybrids (NRCOP-01 to NRCOP-10), hybrid NRCOP-2 performed consistently better in terms of yield. NRCOP-2 recorded the highest bunch weight (19.22 kg bunch-1), number of fresh fruit bunches per palm (8.14), highest fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) yield (22.14 t ha-1) and highest oil yield (5.36 t ha-1) as compared to other hybrids. Based on twelve years of evaluation, NRCOP-2 was consistently found to be high oil yielding and hence was released for cultivation in the coastal region of Maharashtra and Western Ghat under the name Godavari Ratna during the 2019 Annual Group Meeting of AICRP on Palms.

Mounding technique improves physiological performance and yield of oil palm on Spodosols

Spodosols have been widely used for oil palm plantations, specifically in Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, they are sub-optimal for agriculture due to a lack of water and nutrient-holding capacity and a spodic layer that limits plant root development. Therefore, proper agriculture practices are needed for oil palm to enhance its potential yield. This study aims to determine the effect of the mounding technique on the physiological performance and yield of oil palms in spodosol. The study location was well-managed, with eight blocks of oil palm plantations planted in 2008 on spodosols (Typic Haplohumod) in Central Kalimantan. The mounding technique was applied to four blocks of oil palm planted in 2015, while the remaining four were left without mounding. The parameters observed were soil moisture, transpiration, number of bunches, bunch weight, and yield. The results showed that the average moisture in the mounded soil was 4% greater than the control. Additionally, the average daily transpiration of oil palm with the mounding was up to 2.30 mm day<sup>-1</sup> or three times higher than the control. The implication was that the average yield of oil palm increased from approximately 1.84 to 3.71 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> compared to no-mounding treatments. Furthermore, the average yield was 19-66% higher than the block without the mounding application.

Selection of inter-row herbaceous covers in a sloping, organic, non-irrigated vineyard.

Inter-row vegetation in vineyards is classified as a service crop as it provides many ecosystem services. The vegetation is often removed but maintaining them can mitigate the negative effects on the environment. However, the type of species or mixture choice can affect their success. A field trial was conducted in an organically-managed vineyard of Cabernet sauvignon Vitis vinifera L. cultivars in north-eastern Italy, in which three blends of grass species (Shedonorus arundinaceus, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra) and two grass-legume mixtures were grown in the inter-rows and compared with resident vegetation and regularly tilled bare soil. Each vegetation type, including resident vegetation, was subjected to mulching and non-mulching treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of seeded species or mixtures in the inter-row spaces of the vineyard in north-Italy as an alternative management to resident vegetation and tilled soil. The experiment was conducted over two years to monitor the persistence of the sown vegetation and the influence of vegetation types on vine performance and grape composition, and on soil compaction and erosion. The relative abundances of each species, vegetation height, percentage green cover and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), vine shoot length, number of leaves per vine shoot, leaf area, bunch weight, vine NDVI, soil compaction and erosion, and depth and width of tractor tyre prints were measured. Over time, weed invasion altered the botanical composition of all vegetation types except for the S. arundinaceus blend, which remained stable throughout the study period. Our results showed that vine parameters were not affected by the type of vegetation in the inter-rows, nor were there differences between the grassed and bare soil inter-rows. Soil compaction and erosion, and tractor tyre prints were not directly affected by the type of vegetation cover, but they were affected by tillage in the plots with bare soil in the inter-rows or where it was used to prepare the soil for sowing. Soil compaction and erosion were related to the percentage vegetation cover. Mulching did not affect any of the parameters measured. Therefore, species selection plays a crucial role in inter-row vegetation management and in minimising environmental impacts. S. arundinaceus gave high protection against soil erosion due to its high persistence throughout the year and had the lowest growth rate thus requiring fewer cuttings.

Effect of water deficit of Ultisols, Entisols, Spodosols, and Histosols on oil palm productivity in Central Kalimantan

The same rainfall can cause different degrees of water stress depending on soil type, so the production response shown by plants can be different. This study is essential for growers, especially in predicting oil palm production based on water deficit for each soil type. The study was conducted on oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, with four soil types in 1,446.15 ha (40 blocks). The source of data collected from oil palm plantations included bunch number, average bunch weight, rainfall, and soil physical and chemical properties for the last 15 years (2007 - 2021). This experimental study used a two-stage cluster sampling method. The results showed that the best productivity, bunch number, and average bunch weight were found on Ultisols. The four soil types tested showed the same annual production distribution dynamic, but the response rate from each soil type showed differences. Entisols and Spodosols were more prone to drought stress due to water deficit than Ultisols and Histosols because of the differences in soil texture. Water deficit causes a decrease in oil palm productivity by 5 - 22% in the first year (Ultisols 12 - 22%; Entisols 12 - 22%; Spodosols 7 - 19%; Histosols 5 - 15%) and 1 - 8% in the second year (Ultisols 3 - 7%; Entisols 2 - 4%; Spodosols 5 - 8%; Histosols 1 - 5%) compared to previous years production. A decrease in oil palm productivity occurs at 3 - 5 months (bunch failure phase), 1 year (abortion sensitive phase), and 2 - 2.5 years (sex differentiation phase) after a water deficit appears.

АГРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА СПАРТАНЕЦ МАГАРАЧА И РИСЛИНГ МАГАРАЧА В ЗАПАДНОМ ПРЕДГОРНО-ПРИМОСРКОМ РАЙОНЕ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА КРЫМА

Agrobiological and technological indicators of wine grapevine varieties ‘Riesling Magaracha’ and ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ bred in the Institute Magarach and cultivated in the piedmont-coastal region of Crimean viticulture are presented. The variety ‘Aligote’ is taken as a control. The production period duration for ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ variety was 132 days, corresponding to the early-medium time of ripening, and for ‘Riesling Magaracha’ variety - 144 days, corresponding to the medium ripening period. According to the potential of heat supply, the soil-climatic conditions of the western piedmont-coastal region of Crimean viticulture (3640 ºС) can be considered as favorable for cultivation of the studied grape varieties. The varieties studied exceed the control variety in terms of the indicators: "fruiting coefficient" ‒ 1.1‒1.16, "average bunch weight" ‒ 220.0‒240.0 g, "yield per bush" - 3.36-3.52 kg/bush, and "shoot productivity by the raw bunch weight" ‒ 242.0‒278.4 g/shoot. In accordance with tasting assessment, table (7.80‒7.85) and dessert (7.80) base wines made of white grape varieties ‘Riesling Magaracha’ and ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ are promising for both table and dessert winemaking.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ НАГРУЗКИ КУСТОВ ПОБЕГАМИ И ГРОЗДЯМИ НА УВОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СОРТА ВИНОГРАДА CENTENNIAL SEEDLESS

The article considers the issue of the influence of the different loads of bushes with shoots and bunches on the uvological indicators of bunches of Centennial Seedless grapevine variety in the agroecological conditions of the Central viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region. The Centennial Seedless variety is cultivated in a covering and grafted culture on a SO4 rootstock. Drip irrigation. The soils are low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. The average air temperature of the winter months (December-February) of the studied 2021/2022 was 2.3 °C higher than the climatological norm of 1991‒2020. The absolute minimum was observed in the third decade of December and amounted to 13 °C. The transition of air temperature through +10 °C occurred on March 31. The average temperature of the growing season (April-September) was +20.1 °C, 0.1 °C less than climatological norm. The absolute maximum air temperature was observed in the second decade of September – +38 °C, which is extremely atypical for this area. The total precipitation was 77 mm more than climatological norm and amounted to 427 mm. Uvological assessment of bunches was carried out in three variants of the bush load with shoots and bunches: variant 1 (control) – the maximum load with shoots (36 pcs./bush) and bunches (27 pcs./bush); variant 2 – the average load with shoots (23 pcs./bush) and bunches (15 pcs./bush); variant 3 – minimum load of shoots (13 pcs./bush) and bunches (8 pcs./bush). During the uvological analysis of grape bunches a variant with an average bush load with shoots (23 pcs./bush) and bunches (15 pcs./bush) highlighted according to the following parameters: length and width of the bunch, average berry weight, proportion of berries and stalks in the bunch, number of berries per 100 g of bunch, average weight of 100 berries, pulp weight in 100 berries. The variant with the maximum load of bushes with shoots (36 pcs./bush) and bunches (27 pcs./bush) highlighted by weight of bunches, the weight of pulp and rudiments in a bunch, the number and weight of rudiments in a berry, the average weight of rudiments in 100 berries. The variant with the least load of bushes with shoots (13 pcs./bush) and clusters (8 pcs./bush) highlighted by weight and the proportion of skin and pulp.

ДАГЕСТАНСКИЕ СОРТА ВИНОГРАДА ГОК ИЗЮМ И ХОЦА ЦИБИЛ НА КОЛЛЕКЦИИ В НИЖНЕМ ПРИДОНЬЕ

The results of observations and studies of the autochthonous Dagestan grapevine varieties Gok Izyum and Khotsa Tsibil, the control variety Riesling Reinskiy, are presented. The studies were carried out on the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). Varieties were studied in grafted covering culture. The Gok Izyum variety in the conditions of Novocherkassk had an average ripening period, had 60% of fruitful shoots, an average bunch weight of 260 g, and a yield of 80 c/ha. Dry white wine from this variety was pale straw with a slight greenish tint. It had a bright aroma of field herbs, honey and fruits, which over time is transformed into noble tones of aging. Wine tasting score 8.5 points. Variety Khotsa Tsibil in the conditions of Novocherkassk had a medium-late ripening period, had 62% of fruit-bearing shoots, an average bunch weight of 235 g, a yield of 100 c/ha. Dry white wine from this variety had a pale straw color with a greenish tint, had a delicate aroma of flowers and fruits. The taste is delicate, elegant with a spicy bitterness. Has the potential to endure. Wine tasting score 8.5 points. The control variety Risling Rejnskij average ripening period, 66% of fruit-bearing shoots, an average bunch weight of 100 g, and a yield of 46 c/ha. Wine of pale straw color with a greenish tint, rich aroma with tones of field herbs and flowers, turning into taste. The taste is full, harmonious. Degustation score of wine 8.7 points. The studied varieties Gok Izyum and Khotsa Tsibil were superior in average bunch weight and yield to the control variety Risling Reinskiy, but not significantly inferior in quality of wine products (8.5 and 8.7 points, respectively), therefore, we believe that these studied varieties are promising for high-quality winemaking. Research in this direction will be continued.

A biological method for managing the yield of Libya grape variety on a 41B Rootstock

Advances in grapevine biotechnology are associated with manipulation of vegetative and generative plant organs, effective use of the soil and climate potential of agricultural lands, and biological features of grape genotypes. Grapevine biotechnology allows grape productivity to be increased without additional investments. In this work, we studied table grapes of the Libya variety grafted onto a Chasselas.×V. Berlandieri 41B rootstock to determine variations in grape productivity depending on the different load of vines with shoots and bunches. The research was carried out in the Central Agroecological Zone of Viticulture (fourth subzone) of the Krasnodar Krai, in vineyards with drip irrigation and covered viticulture. The vines were planted according to a 3.8×2.0 m scheme with a density of 1316 plants per hectare. The vines were supported with a high-trunk two-arm horizontal cordon system. The average annual air temperature at the experimental site equaled +12.5... 13.0 °С; the sum of active temperatures was 3 900-4 100 °С; the maximum temperature during vegetation reached +40 °С; the minimum temperature of -30 °С was recorded in winters during dormancy. The annual precipitation level comprised 700-800 mm. The soils were low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. In terms of productivity, grapes of the Livia variety respond effectively to canopy management techniques. In this work, changes in bunch weight and grape yield were monitored depending on the load of vines with shoots and bunches. Under the studied agroecological conditions, the largest bunch mass of 870 g was achieved at the lowest load of 20 shoots and 22 bunches per vine. The maximum grape yield of 36.3 t/ha was observed with an average load of 26 shoots per vine and the largest load of 37 bunches per vine. The dependence of yield on shoot number was rather low, r = 0.08; on bunch number was medium, r = 0.53; on bunch mass was high, r = 0.75. The largest share of marketable grape yield of 98% was achieved at the load of 20 shoots and 22 bunches per vine.