Bunch Of Grapes Research Articles

Calixarene-polymers via Simple Polymerization of t-Butylcalix[8]arenes (A8-type Monomer) with Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (B2-type Monomer); Molecular Bunch of Grapes (Botryosin)

Abstract Reaction of t-butylcalix[8]arene (BCA[8]) as an A8-type monomer with hexamethylene diisocyanate as a B2-type monomer was examined to afford only soluble polymers in high yields. Analysis by 1H NMR, IR, MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy, and AFM indicated that the synthesized polymers consist of nanoscale-gel-shaped structures that contain fixed holes and cavities. We designated this class of polymers as botryosin, after the Greek word botrys, meaning a bunch of grapes. Examination of host–guest chemistry of the synthesized polymers revealed complexation with alkali metal ions.

Botryoid odontogenic cyst: case report with etiopathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutic considerations

The botryoid odontogenic cyst is a rare asymptomatic lesion characterized by its typical multilocular aspect similar to a bunch of grapes commonly affecting the mandible bicuspids and canine region. The possibility of this lesion representing a clinical variation of the lateral periodontal cyst is source of discussion and doubt among many authors. Our article reports a rare case of the polemic odontogenic cyst and presents considerations related to its etiopathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

The "bunch of grapes" sign.

The "bunch of grapes" sign.

Pre and postharvest practices for quality improvement of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

Table grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.) rank fourth in the world fresh fruit production after citrus, bananas and apples. In Sri Lanka, grapes are grown in an area of about 100 ha. It is one of the main fruits imported to the country and according to Sri Lanka Customs, 5.1 million kg of grapes worth Rs. 1.1 billion were imported in the year 2012. These imports can be significantly reduced as there is ample scope to produce grapes locally in the land available in the North and East of Sri Lanka. The crop thrives well in these Dry Zone areas having well drained deep soils with assured irrigation. Dry weather during flowering, fruit development and maturity is essential for the production of quality grapes. Unlike other fruit crops, proper pruning of vines at the correct time is mandatory to stimulate fruiting. In order to produce a quality bunch of grapes, there are many practices that viticulturists must be aware of. This article is based on the author’s three-year experience at a vineyard situated in the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The paper discusses preharvest and postharvest practices that should be adopted for producing high quality table grapes, along with recent research advances on the role of plant growth regulators in quality improvement. J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2015 43 (1): 3-9

Cerebral tuberculosis and secondary epilepsy - Interactions between antiepileptic and antituberculous treatment

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement represents almost 1% of all cases of active tuberculosis. It represents a form with a high level of morbidity and mortality in spite of appropriate treatment. There isn’t any agreement regarding the duration of the antituberculous treatment. We report a case related to cerebral tuberculomas and another case related to interactions between antiepileptic drugs and antituberculous treatment. The first case involves cerebral tuberculomas discovered on brain imaging (CT scan, cerebral MRI) and secondary epilepsy. The patient did an antituberculous treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis for one year, consisting of 4 drugs (HRZE). Six months later, he checked into our clinic with a tonic clonic seizure and we discovered tuberculomas on the cerebral MRI. Shortly thereafter we started the treatment with 5 drugs (HRZES) and anticonvulsants. Five months later the MRI showed multiple enhancing lesions described as “a bunch of grapes”, potentially matching multiple tuberculomas. The second case shows the interaction between anticonvulsants and antituberculous drugs in concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis and epilepsy with tonic clonic seizures. We measured the concentration of anticonvulsants in the blood during the antituberculous treatment.

Accessibility Study of Touch and Gesture Interaction with Seniors.

At a time when there is the widespread use of new applications with touch and gesture interfaces, it is important to question whether these represent a positive differential to the accessibility of the senior population or whether they are yet another excluding info artifact. The purpose of this article is to present preliminary results for the potential and limitations of touch and gesture interfaces, through the proposal of usability heuristics for this audience, which subsequently will be proven, rebutted and calibrated by a prototype game for tablets with features based on cognitive and motor rehabilitation. The intention is that the game prototype based on the activities of harvesting, collecting of bunches of ripe grapes, carrying baskets and crushing grapes to make wine prove or refute the proposed heuristics.

COS-OGA: A novel oligosaccharidic elicitor that protects grapes and cucumbers against powdery mildew

Many plant protection products have been banned due to their toxicity or because pathogens have become resistant to their active substances. Plant resistance inducers are a promising class of compounds that will hopefully reduce dependence on harmful chemicals for plant protection. The efficacy of COS-OGA, a novel elicitor composed of a complex of oligochitosans and oligopectates as active substances, has been assessed in production conditions against powdery mildew on grapevines and on cucumbers. COS-OGA induced a large reduction in the severity of powdery mildew for both crops. At the end of vineyard trials, COS-OGA, at a spraying rate of 37.5 g ha−1, achieved a considerable reduction in Uncinula necator severity on bunches of grapes with 78% protection in France and 76% protection in Spain. Similarly, in the last evaluation performed in greenhouses to assess the protection of cucumber crops against Sphaerotheca fuliginea, COS-OGA at 25 g ha−1 LWA (leaf wall area) yielded a 72% reduction in leaf disease severity in Belgium and 69% in Spain. In some trials, the efficacy of the COS-OGA active substance was even higher than the conventional chemical reference.

Diaminohexane-assisted preparation of coral-like, poly(benzoxazine)-based porous carbons for electrochemical energy storage.

The assembly of commercial silica colloids in the presence of 1,6-diaminohexane and their subsequent encapsulation by poly(benzoxazine) have been used to produce coral-like porous carbons. The pyrolysis of the polymer followed by the removal of the silica produces a carbon with a continuous skeleton that contains spherical medium-size pores as "reservoirs" with a structure similar to a bunch of grapes. The total volume and the diameter of the "reservoir" pores are tunable. The coral-like morphology and the pore structure of the carbons make them suitable for use as electrode materials for supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. As supercapacitor electrodes, they exhibit excellent long-term cycle stability (almost no capacitance fading after 20,000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g(-1)) and good rate capability with capacitance retention of 88% (from 0.1 A g(-1) to 5 A g(-1)). Meanwhile, as a matrix for the encapsulation of SnO2 nanoparticles for Li-ion storage, the electrodes also show a high specific capacity and good cycling stability, i.e., 900 mA h g(-1) after 50 charge-discharge cycles. The good electrochemical performance of such carbons shows that they are promising candidate electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage.

Imaging of medullary sponge kidney: notes for urologists

The medullary sponge kidney is a malformation characterized by Bellini ducts' ectasias and often by nephrocalcinosis. Scientific literature demonstrates and emphasizes how the Rx-urography plays a primary role to achieve diagnostic certainty in cases of suspected MSK. Pathognomonic urographic aspects in cases of medullary sponge kidney are defined as "bouquet of flowers", "bunch of grapes" or "brush". None of the other methods of imaging available today has the same diagnostic accuracy.

First report of viral nervous necrosis‐induced mass mortality in hatchery‐reared larvae of clownfish, Amphiprion sebae Bleeker

Frequent mortality was observed in the larval rearing facility of marine clownfish, Amphiprion sebae Bleeker. Mortality resulted in 80% loss of larval stock. Moribund larvae showed clinical signs typical of viral nervous necrosis, such as uncoordinated, corkscrew-like swimming behaviour, hypersensitivity to stimuli, darkening of body and assembly into large groups, similar to bunches of grapes. The aetiology of the disease was confirmed by gross observation of clinical signs, histopathology and molecular diagnosis. Histological studies revealed severe vacuolation in the brain and in the bipolar and ganglion layers of the eye. Molecular diagnosis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific to piscine nodavirus yielded a positive result. The partial nucleotide sequences of the PCR-amplified fragment were 97-98% similar to other betanodavirus isolates reported globally and more closely aligned with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). This is the first report of susceptibility of clownfish, A.sebae, to betanodavirus and the presence of the RGNNV in India.

Yeni Hitit Sanatı Üzerine İkonografik Araştırmalar (1): Üzüm Salkımı ve/veya Başak Filizi Taşıyanlar

This article concerns the representations of figures holding a bunch of grapes and/or ears of wheat which are frequently found in Neo-Hittite Art. In this context, the main focus is upon the question as to why these representations came to be commonly depicted during the first millennium in Neo-Hittite Art. This issue has been investigated and analysed within the framework of possibilities provided by the principles of iconographic research, under the titles of form, meaning, content, very similar and similar examples and concludes with the evaluation of the collected data within the context of research results from different branches.

In Vivo 3D Meibography of the Human Eyelid Using Real Time Imaging Fourier-Domain OCT

Recently, we reported obtaining tomograms of meibomian glands from healthy volunteers using commercial anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), which is widely employed in clinics for examination of the anterior segment. However, we could not create 3D images of the meibomian glands, because the commercial OCT does not have a 3D reconstruction function. In this study we report the creation of 3D images of the meibomian glands by reconstructing the tomograms of these glands using high speed Fourier-Domain OCT (FD-OCT) developed in our laboratory. This research was jointly undertaken at the Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Seoul, Korea) and the Advanced Photonics Research Institute of Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (Gwangju, Korea) with two healthy volunteers and seven patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. A real time imaging FD-OCT system based on a high-speed wavelength swept laser was developed that had a spectral bandwidth of 100 nm at the 1310 nm center wavelength. The axial resolution was 5 µm and the lateral resolution was 13 µm in air. Using this device, the meibomian glands of nine subjects were examined. A series of tomograms from the upper eyelid measuring 5 mm (from left to right, B-scan) × 2 mm (from upper part to lower part, C-scan) were collected. Three-D images of the meibomian glands were then reconstructed using 3D “data visualization, analysis, and modeling software”. Established infrared meibography was also performed for comparison. The 3D images of healthy subjects clearly showed the meibomian glands, which looked similar to bunches of grapes. These results were consistent with previous infrared meibography results. The meibomian glands were parallel to each other, and the saccular acini were clearly visible. Here we report the successful production of 3D images of human meibomian glands by reconstructing tomograms of these glands with high speed FD-OCT.

석탄화력 발전소, 숯가마, 디젤차량에서 배출되는 Black Carbon의 물리화학적 특성화 연구

The physico-chemical characteristics and nanostructure of the aerosol samples from a coal-fired power plant, a charcoal kiln and diesel vehicles were investigated with focusing on black carbon (BC). Aerosols from the coal-fired power plant were mostly comprised of mineral ash spheres which are heterogeneously mixed. The main components of the aerosols from coal-fired power plant were calcium compounds, iron oxide, alumino-silicate without BC. The typical combustion-generated BC which shows the shape of bunch of grapes with 20~50 nm particles which were detected in aerosol particles from diesel vehicles. The nanostructure of each BC particle shows the shape of concentric circles which is comprised of closely-packed graphene layers. Aerosols from charcoal kiln were likely condensed organic carbon generated from the low-temperature combustion process.

Control of Cell Identity in Pancreas Development and Regeneration

The endocrine and exocrine cells in the adult pancreas are not static, but can change their differentiation state in response to injury or stress. This concept of cells in flux means that there may be ways to generate certain types of cells (such as insulin-producing β-cells) and prevent formation of others (such as transformed neoplastic cells). We review different aspects of cell identity in the pancreas, discussing how cells achieve their identity during embryonic development and maturation, and how this identity remains plastic, even in the adult pancreas.

English

BOTRYOMYCOSIS; also known as bacterial pseudomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera. Here we report a rare case of orbital botryomycosis in a patient who presented with painful nodular lesion in right eye following repair of tissue for Road Traffic Accident(RTA). MRI revealed foreign body granuloma or pseudotumour subsequent histopathology proved botryomycosis and she was treated with antibiotics and surgery . INTRODUCTION: Botryomycosis; also known as bacterial pseudomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera.(1) Botryomycosis is an uncommon chronic bacterial infection that generally presents as cutaneous lesion or rarely with visceral involvement. It was first considered a fungal infection, thus the term botryomycosis (from Greek, botrys – bunch of grapes, mycosis – fungal origin). Later, the bacterial etiology was discovered and other terms were reported, including actinophytosis, staphylococcal actinophytosis, bacterial pseudomycosis and granular bacteriosis (2,3). Many species of bacteria have been implicated most commonly staphylococcus aureus, but also pseudomonas aeruginosa, E coli & streptococcus species. (5) Winslow summarized the literature and subcategorized botryomycosis into integumental and visceral forms.(4)The integumental form is more common and is characterized by localized granulomatous skin infections often associated with trauma, foreign body and wound contamination. It usually involves the exposed parts. Visceral effects liver, lung, kidney, prostate, caecum, brain, lymph tissue. Surgery, abrasions and lacerations in road accidents, piercing of pinna are documented etiological factors that may lead to the development of botryomycosis. Chronic cutaneous irritation and lichenified lesions of the scalp often predispose to botryomycosis. Diabetes, alcoholism, poor hygiene, cystic fibrosis and general debility are the known predisposing factors. Botryomycosis is also reported in children. In most cases infection remains localized,

The destemming of grapes: Experiments and discrete element modelling

The removal and separation of grape berries from the stems is an important step in the wine making process. Destemming machines are used to mechanically remove and separate the berries from the stems. The biggest problems experienced with these machines include incomplete removal of the berries from the stems, and broken stems ending up with the berries, which can result in unwanted characters and flavours in the wine. The development of these machines is currently limited to prototype testing. A range of experiments were designed to measure the material properties of the grapes, including the stem stiffness and break strength under tension, the berry stiffness under compression, and the berry detachment force. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) was then used to model a bunch of grapes. Spherical particles were elastically bonded together to model the stems and single spherical particles were used to model the berries. In a model of a simplified destemmer, a single bunch of grapes was hit by a set of rotating beaters. The model and material parameters were based on measurements and adjusted by comparing the results of the simplified destemmer to experimental results. The number of berries removed from a bunch could be accurately predicted as influenced by the rotation speed of the beaters and the mass of the bunch. The model of a commercial destemmer could accurately predict the number of berries removed from the bunches, the spatial distribution of berries at the discharge and the number of unwanted stems mixed with the berries.

Physiological interpretations of radiographic findings on malformations of small veins: seriality of cisterns, communications to systemic veins and relationship to muscles

ObjectivesTo re-evaluate the fluoroscopic findings of venous malformation by cine mode cisternography.MethodsUsing direct injection cine-cisternography, we studied 49 venous malformation lesions in the head and neck of 30 patients who were scheduled to undergo ethanol sclerotherapy. The diameter of definitively measurable 46 lesions was 21.7 ± 10.5 mm (mean ± SD, range: 6.0–48.0 mm). The injection was continued until the draining veins were clearly observed. Outflow communications between cisterns and systemic veins were classified into Type 1, no visible drainage; Type 2, draining into a normal venous system; and Type 3, with abnormally ectatic draining veins. The topological relationships of the lesions to surrounding structures were addressed using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonogram. Treatment results were evaluated.ResultsThe direct injection cine-cisternography showed the typical ‘bunch of grapes’ pattern, and revealed serial cisternal, followed by the appearance of outflow/draining veins in all lesions. There were no Type 1, 47 Type 2 and two Type 2 outflow pattern. Satellite lesions emerged via the communicating veins in six lesions. Of the all 49 lesions, 48 were located in or on the muscle fascia. Sclerotherapy was safely completed in all Type 2 lesions with satisfactory results, but for the Type 3 lesions treatment was limited to be partial to avoid complications.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that communications from venous malformation to the systemic vein are fluoroscopically confirmable. These radiographic findings were thought explainable in relation to developmental nature or facilitating process of venous malformation.

Primary extradural hydatid cyst extended to paraspinal muscles

Primary spinal epidural hydatid cyst without bony involvement is extremely rare. Authors report the case of a 44-year-old female brought to their attention for a rapidly progressive paraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extradural multiple cysts with “bunch of grapes” appearance extended to the paraspinal muscles through neural foramina without bony involvement on computed tomography (CT) scan. Histopathologic examination after a surgical approach confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The early postoperative period showed a progressive improvement of her neurological deficit. The long-term follow-up under discontinued antihelminthic chemotherapy was uneventful.

The eyes ofLeanchoilia

Schoenemann, B. & Clarkson, E.N.K. 2012: The eyes of Leanchoilia. Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 524–531. Leanchoilia is one of the commonest non-trilobite arthropod taxa of the Lower and Middle Cambrian. It has recently been regarded to be part of the ‘short great appendage arthropods’ clade and is normally considered a predator, both on account of its raptorial appendages and serial midgut digestive glands. The presence or absence of eyes has been one of the most controversial aspects of its morphology, despite pedunculate eyes having been described in the original descriptions of L. superlata (Walcott 1912) and L. illecebrosa Hou 1987. Other authors considered all species of this genus to be blind. There are two pairs of pits on the head, which have been interpreted as eyes attached near the front of the headshield. Pedunculate eyes have been found in four of about fifty specimens of L. illecebrosa from the Chengjiang and Haikou areas. They are delicate and slender, which explains their rare preservation. Distally they are structured like a bunch of grapes, with about 100 spherical units, presumably lenses, each with a diameter of about 55 μm indicating, by calculation, adaptation to dim light. They probably could detect movement, but could not form images. Furthermore, L. illecebrosa possesses two, probably ventral, median eyes, autapomorphies of euarthropods. Thus, like many modern Euarthropoda, L. illecebrosa has two kinds of eyes – two stalked ventral eyes and two pairs of probably ventral (ocellar) median eyes. Its short stalked eyes, orientated downwards and covered by the headshield, suggest that species of Leanchoilia were benthic animals, feeding on benthic or infaunal animals. □Arthropoda, Burgess Shale, Cambrian, Chengjiang, Compound eye, Lagerstatte, Leanchoilia.

Automatic detection of bunches of grapes in natural environment from color images

Despite the benefits of precision agriculture and precision viticulture production systems, its rate of adoption in the Portuguese Douro Demarcated Region remains low. We believe that one way to raise it is to address challenging real-world problems whose solution offers a clear benefit to the viticulturist. For example, one of the most demanding tasks in wine making is harvesting. Even for humans, the environment makes grape detection difficult, especially when the grapes and leaves have a similar color, which is generally the case for white grapes. In this paper, we propose a system for the detection and location, in the natural environment, of bunches of grapes in color images. This system is able to distinguish between white and red grapes, and at the same time, it calculates the location of the bunch stem. The system achieved 97% and 91% correct classifications for red and white grapes, respectively.