Bumi Manusia Research Articles

Cultural Hybridity in Indonesian Contemporary Cinema: A Postcolonial Study on the Film Bumi Manusia

Cultural Hybridity in Indonesian Contemporary Cinema: A Postcolonial Study on the Film Bumi Manusia

Preserving Face Threatening Acts in the English Translation of Bumi Manusia

This research aims to find the types of FTA contained in the English translation of the novel Bumi Manusia. Apart from that, this research also analyses translation techniques and the level of translation accuracy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research results state that there are two main types of FTA, namely Positive Face Threatening Acts (PFTA) and Negative Face Threatening Acts (NFTA). There is a predominance of PFTAs in human interactions, indicating that more actions aim to strengthen and enhance positive aspects of relationships and personal development. The findings from the English translation technique of the novel "Bumi Manusia" show a total of 1357 data, divided into 13 types of techniques. The most dominant translation technique is Equivalence with a percentage of 73.2% of the total data found. These results are that the English translation of the novel "Earth of Mankind" has an adequate level of accuracy, acceptability and readability.

The Subject of Melancholia in Toer’s Bumi Manusia: Lacan’s Psychoanalytic Study

This study aims to analyse and find a description of the subject of melancholia in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This study is conducted with a cursive approach by using the perspective of Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic study that looks for a small lost object. This research is a qualitative study using the literature study method. The main data source for this research is the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The results of this study found three types of melancholia subjects, namely generational melancholia, cultural melancholia, and alienation melancholia. Nyai Ontosoroh as the main character in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, is a melancholia subject who experiences all three types of melancholia, namely generational melancholia, cultural melancholia, and alienation melancholia. Furthermore, the character Minke experiences two types of melancholia, namely cultural melancholia and alienation melancholia. Nyai Ontosoroh as the main character in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, is a melancholia subject who experiences all three types of melancholia, namely generational melancholia, cultural melancholia, and alienation melancholia. Furthermore, the character Minke experiences two types of melancholia, namely cultural melancholia and alienation melancholia. Nyai Ontosoroh and Minke are subjects that represent the author's view that wants to criticize two social systems, namely feudal society (colonized) and modern capitalist society (colonizer). These two social systems bring profound changes to the clash of generations in the world of the colonized. The subject's reaction to the changing values of society made them face a clash of cultures and eventually feel a tremendous alienation in their lives.

TRANSLATOR'S HABITUS AND TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY: TRANSLATING THE CONCEPT OF CAPITALS IN THE NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA BY PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER

This study examines the relationship between the translator's habitus and translation ideology in translating the concept of capitals that exists in the two main characters in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method by taking a case study of two chapters in Bumi Manusia and its translation in English. The study found 30 expressions containing modals in the two main characters in chapters 5 and 7. The translation procedures carried out by the translator consist of standard translation (one datum), transference (15 data), modulation (four data), literal (six data), addition (one datum), contextual equivalence (two data), and paraphrasing (one datum). From Minke's character, there were 11 translations with the ideology of domestication and seven data of foreignization; and from Nyai Ontosoroh's character, only one expression that was translated domestically, and the other 11 data were foreignized. Therefore, 12 out of 30 data, i.e., 40%, were translated with domestication ideology, while 18 out of 30 data or 60% were translated with foreignization ideology. In conclusion, a translator's habitus influenced his way of translating which automatically directed his translation ideology.

BEDAH ALUR EKRANISASI NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER KE DALAM FILM KARYA HANUNG BRAMANTYO

Currently, literart works become a trend among all ages because of changes in form that add to the aesthetics of a literary work. Not infrequently a literary work becomes a film that is widely carried out by filmmakers. Most people choose to watch movies in the midst of their busy lives to calm their minds from various activites. This is further strengthened by the number of best-selling novels in the market which are converted into films. Whether youth novels, horror, even history, a novel can be turned into an interesting and worthy film to watch. In this study, researchers chose the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and the film Bumi Manusia by director Hanung Bramantyo as research materials. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of ecranization of the plot, setting, character, both in terms of categories of shrinking, adding, and varying aspects in the transfer of the novel to the film form. Data is done by reading, then watching, then taking notes. The results show that the ecranization process occurs in the elements of the plot, setting, character, namely the existence of various shrinkage, additions and changes. As for the various changes that occur at the end of the scenes that seem to be accelerated by the omission of scenes in the novel. When the screening of the film does not deviate from the plot of the novel and these changes add to the content of the meaning of the film Bumi Manusia.

Implementing Vladimir Propp's Theory of Narratology in Writing Skill using Bumi Manusia Movie

The main material object of this research is the movie Bumi Manusia. This research aims to reveal the narratives' function and learning aspect in the Bumi Manusia movie, which tells the story of patience and sacrifice in the face of European stereotypes of the natives. Then, this study also looks for the meaning of the struggle contained in each scene. This research analyzes the depiction of 31 narrative functions, the division of seven characterizations according to Propp, and the identification of various aspects of learning in the story. From the analysis, it is expected to find benefits to improving creative writing skills. The approach used in this research is qualitative and narrative structure, using Vladimir Propp's narrative theory. The results showed the structure of the Bumi Manusia movie as follows: there are 20 functions in the story. In analyzing the story above, it does not reach 31 narrative functions that are the same as Vladimir Propp's theory, and the order of the narrative functions is different from Propp's, and then there are repeated narrative functions. There are seven types of dramatic personae: villain, donor, helper, princess and her father, dispatcher, hero, and false hero. Despitefully, the various aspects of learning from the movie Bumi Manusia have deep messages in this story, including the religious, educational, and cultural aspects. Narrative structure is a fundamental aspect of writing that shapes the flow and impact of a story. Mastering narrative structure and integrating these elements into writing skills can create compelling and memorable stories that resonate with readers and leave a lasting impression

Postcolonial Trace in the Translation of Bumi Manusia

Abstract. Bumi Manusia as a postcolonial novel became a vehicle for Toer to articulate his national identity as Indonesian during the Dutch colonialism. Its translation into This Earth of Mankind posts two questions of whether or not power relations are brought in the translation and how the translator represents Indonesian culture in English. In order to answer the two, postcolonial translation approach was employed. This research is qualitative for it aims at analyzing the text. Seven data were selected based on two indicators representing the most relation between the colonized and colonizer or postcoloniality of the Dutch East Indies and were analyzed employing Baker’s translation strategies. The findings reveal that there are unequal relations between the source language (Indonesian) and the target language (English). In This Earth of Mankind, the translator does not show Indonesian cultural representation. There are great loss of information, omission, biased information, and great loss of impactful meaning of the source language in the target language that create another colonial domain and leave colonial trace in the target language.Keywords: Postcolonial Translation, Bumi Manusia, Postcolonialism, Colonialism, Power Relations

Semiotic Study: The Meaning Of Women In The Structure Of Social Political Movements In The 4 Series Of Books The Buru Island Tetralogy

This study tries to observe and describe the meaning of women in the socio-political movement in the colonial era, which was described by the writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer in the book tetralogy of Buru Island (Bumi Manusia, Anak Semua Bangsa, Jejak Langkah, and Rumah Kaca). The analysis in this study observes the three female characters described in the book as representations of the meaning of women, described by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as struggle figures in initiating socio-political movements. The book, which describes the embryonic formation of the Indonesian nation during colonialism, has the style and analogy of an emancipatory struggle in a society that does not look at gender, as well as the absence of previous research that holistically discusses the four series of books in the context of women and the socio-political movement as a whole. This study uses a qualitative approach using a semiotic analysis model from Charles Sanders Peirce, which includes representation, object, and interpretant, which is then supported by compatible literature studies. The results of research on women from the natural side or in terms of their strength to fight colonialism with socio-political movements are arranged in a network of text symbols in the Tetralogi Pulau Buru novel series.

ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADA DIALOG ANTARTOKOH FILM BUMI MANUSIA KARYA HANUNG BRAMANTYO

This study aims to describe the forms of code-switching and code-mixing as well as the causal factors found in the film Earth of Mankind by Hanung Bramantyo. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a sociolinguistic approach. The data collection technique used in this study is the observing and noting technique. The subject of this study is the film Bumi Manusia by Hanung Bramantyo. Based on the research that has been done, there are forms of code switching and code mixing as well as the causative factors that occur in the dialogue between the characters in the film Bumi Manusia by Hanung Bramantyo. The results of this study obtained 49 data, namely 11 code switching data and 38 code mixing data. In this case, there are several languages used, including Indonesian, English, Dutch, French and Javanese.

Translation Analysis of Social Cultural Words in Bumi Manusia Movie

Translation problems may arise because of cultural differences in movie subtitles. Thus, subtitling strategies have become important for translating social and cultural information. This study aims to identify the social cultural words using Newmarks’s (1988) theory and to investigate the subtitling strategies employed by the translators using Pedersen’s (2011) theory. The data used in this research are cultural words in Indonesian subtitles and English subtitles in the movie Bumi Manusia. Moreover, the researcher used the descriptive qualitative method. As a result, the researcher found that there were 166 social culture words found in the movie, which were work, name, terms of address, kinship, and leisure terms. The result revealed that the most frequent cultural-related terms of the social cultural words are names of a person with 34% of data. Furthermore, this study found that the translator employed seven subtitling strategies when translating cultural words, which were official equivalent (39%), retention (37%), substitution (14%), direct translation (4%), generalization (4%), omission (2%), and specification (1%). It can be concluded that the official equivalent is the dominant strategy applied by the translator, followed by retention.

The Representation of Culture in “Bumi Manusia” Novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Critical discourse analysis is a view of language in discourse analysis that views powers as always involved in forming subjects represented in language. The AWK model used in this paper is Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis, which generally analyzes media texts, can also be used to analyze literary works, including novels. The novel analyzed by Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis is the novel Bumi Manusia by Manusiaya Ananta Toer. Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis examines text, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. The three aspects of Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis can be answered through the descriptive method text section the researcher can find three basic elements in the Norman Fairclough model, namely elements of representation, relations, and identity in the novel Bumi Manusia. Meanwhile, this paper will only discuss one element, namely representation. The result of this research is that culture is found in the text of the novel Bumi Manusia, in the form of daily behavior, language, clothes, to the names that appear in the text of the novel. In the text of the Bumi Manusia novel, there are also several cultures, not only Indonesian culture but, there is also Dutch culture by the contents of the story or synopsis of the novel describes indigenous life side by side with the Dutch.

ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN THE BUMI MANUSIA FILM BY HANUNG BRAMANTYO

There are many kinds of literary work such as novel, poem, film, etc. Sometimes in the work there is a usage of many languages because of the idea and the creativity of the creators to make their project different from others’. For example, Bumi Manusia film which the characters have different ethnic or racial background so there is many different languages used. This makes code switching and code mixing happened. This study aims to find the use of code switching and code mixing in the film Bumi Manusia, then determine each type based on the selected reference, then determine the reasons for using code switching and code mixing in the film.This research was conducted by watching movies repeatedly, recording dialogues or conversations which are code switching and code mixing, determining the data for each type (whether including code switching or code mixing), after that determining the types and finally analyzing the causes of its use. The results show that the use of code-switching in the film Bumi Manusia is more than the use of code-mixing. And the reason for using code switching and code mixing the most widely used is because of solidarity and to soften or strengthen requests or command.

RUMAH KACA’s Minke’s Death and Its Question on Postcolonial Catastrophe

Rumah Kaca, or House of Glass, is the last episode of Pramoedya’s Tetralogy of Buru, and it gives “a surprise,” or a shocking end of Minke’s postcolonial strives. Here, he died several days after his coming home from exile. This looks surely to present the catastrophe of the native’s postcolonial hope and dream. The strategy of the colonial government in conducting “house of glass” has gone successful and Minke’s death might stop any local political activities opposing the government. However, this phenomenon, i.e. the death of Minke, appears as the new perspective dealing with the local Indonesians, or pribumi, in undergoing postcoloniality. Minke’s death is not to stop his postcolonialism, since he’s still kept it in his writings. Those are to represent Minke’s continuation in flaming postcoloniality to the next local postcolonialists. The novel Rumah Kaca seems to reemphasize the idea of postcolonialism, previously stated in the first episode, Bumi Manusia, that the main weapon of postcolonialism is the postcolonial brain of the postcolonialists. As the concepts of postcolonial ideologies by Bill Ashcroft and Annia Loomba, this discussion focuses on how Indonesian postcolonialism, by Pramoedya’s Tetralogy of Buru, has the ultimate power in writings, since compared to the colonial government the colonized’s technological civilization is much less powerful. In other words, Minke’s death does not mean the end of the local postcoloniality, and it is a new perspective in dealing with the common concept.

Value Social and Moral Message Novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

The purpose of this study is to describe the social and moral values in the novel Bumi Manusia by Premoedya Ananta Toer. This research uses qualitative methods, namely research that pays attention to natural data, data in relation to the context of its existence. It is these ways that encourage qualitative to be considered as multi-method because research in turn involves a large number of relevant social phenomena, the object of research being a novel written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer entitled "Bumi Human". The most commonly found element in social values is the social value in the value of affection. This value is found a lot because there are values of devotion, caring, kinship, helping. The results of this study found that social value is something that is considered good or bad in community groups. To determine whether good or bad must go through a weighing process by analyzing what is observed in community groups. In social values, there is a value of compassion related to the affection bestowed by the creator to humans so that a value of compassion has been instilled in humans since they were born, the value of responsibility relates to an act carried out by each individual based on obligation or calling. a person, and the value of harmony in life is related to tolerance, cooperation, justice, and humanity. This of course can provide the value of knowledge that is not yet known by the public.

The hybridity of Indies culture in Indonesian novel translation into French

Postcolonial novels incorporating hybrid culture elements into the story present new problems for translation. The hybrid elements that appear in the source text can be maintained or removed in the translation process, depending on the strategy adopted by the translator. This research focus on the hybrid elements of an Indonesian postcolonial novel and the strategy for maintaining and eliminating hybridity in its French translation. The data source in this research is the novel Bumi Manusia (1980) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as the source text and its translation in French. Using a qualitative approach with a comparative method, the analysis results show that most of the efforts to maintain hybridity are carried out in translating social life terms and self-names because they are related to the frequency of occurrence, the complexity of meaning, and identity. However, on the whole, the translation is less hybrid as more dehybridization occurs. Moreover, hybridity in Bumi Manusia and its French translation, Le Monde des hommes, is manifested differently. Although the translation tends to create a homologous space of one culture, it still shows linguistic and cultural hybridity.

Nationalism Issues Found in the Bumi Manusia Movie

The problem of nationalism in the Bumi Manusia movie is analyzed in this final project. The purpose of this research is to identify Minke's character, to know the moral value of Minke's struggle, and to investigate the nationalist problem in Bumi Manusia movie. This study used a qualitative descriptive design. The main purpose of Vladimir Propp's theory of narrative analysis is to analyze data. The data were examined in five steps by the authors: watching the movie, understanding, identifying, discussing, and drawing conclusions based on the research findings. The results showed that: (1) there are 6 Minke characters, namely trustworthy, fair, caring, respectful, citizenship, and responsible; (2) found 8 moral values in the film, namely belief, responsibility, bravery, justice, critical-realistic, modesty, respect and caring; (3) the problem of nationalism contained in the film Bumi Manusia, namely Minke struggles to show Europeans that the Natives already had high dignity before they came, Minke and Nyai Ontosoroh fought for justice, he fought unfair European laws and demanded justice by writing several articles, one of which is " The European Law in view of the Native Law ", helping others with the principles of honesty and humanity and Javanese culture.

Analysis Discourse of “Blarak” Short Story by Yanusa Nugroho

In communicating, humans sometimes need to show directly what they mean. The use of language in communication between humans in dating is a form of discourse. Besides discourse being a form of language use, discourse is also an utterance. Discourse analysis based on context is, of course, inseparable from the use of pragmatics. Pragmatic discourse analysis in literary works has been done—analysis of the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramodya Ananta Tour, translated into English by Max. This study aims to analyze discourse with a pragmatic approach in the short story Blarak by Yanusa Nugroho. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data of this study are the words or sentences contained in the short story Blarak by Yanusa Nugroho which are contained in the 2009 Kompas short story collection. The data collection technique in this study used note-taking techniques. This study's research instrument (data collection instrument) is from the researcher himself. The analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative data analysis technique. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the deixis in the short story Blarak by Yanusa Nugroho includes personal deixis, place deixis, and time deixis. Keywords: analysis, discourse, short story

Dutch Discrimination Against The Natives in Film Bumi Manusia (Study of Discourse Analysis Teun A.Van Dijk)

Film is a communication medium that combines two elements, namely audio (sound) and visual (image) which functions to convey a message to individuals or the general public who gather in a certain place. Film has so many meanings depending on the point of view of the researchers, in my opinion film is one of the mass communication media that displays a series of moving images with a storyline played by actors who have been produced by producers to convey a message to the audience. This study aims to find out the forms of discrimination against natives in the film Bumi Manusia based on Teun A. Van Dijk's discourse analysis by analyzing discriminate texts. This study uses a qualitative approach with Teun A Van Djik's critical discourse analysis as the motive. The data collection technique in this study is that researchers will carry out literature study techniques and note taking techniques. The data analysis technique was adapted to Teun A. Van Djik's discourse analysis, namely text and social context analysis. This research resulted in the conclusion that the film Bumi Manusia shows social discrimination through social status, education, laws that were in force at that time, and discrimination against women. The social context shows that the discrimination that occurred in the film Bumi manusia during the colonial era of the 1920s is still relevant to Indonesia's current situation.

Variations of Relative Clause Translation from Indonesian to English

Relative clauses are clauses that explain a noun in order to define or explain a noun further, articles, adjectives, or relative clauses are often used. In an effort to translate from the source language into the target language there is often a strategy used in translating these relative clauses. There are differences in realization in translating these relative clauses, making the researcher wanted to know on how the variations in the equivalent translation of Indonesian relative clauses into English are. There is a novel and its translation used in this research design. The novel that will be used as a source of data in this study is Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and its translation ‘The Earth of Mankind’. Data collection was carried out by listening (observing method) and noting (note-taking method) the relative clauses of data on novels in the Indonesian language as the source language and their translation into the target language. The data were then analyzed to find equivalent relative clause variants in Indonesian in English. By analysisng the data it can be found that the variations of relative clause translation from Indonesian to English are (1) relative clauses (with relative pronoun who, which, that, whose, whom), (2) adjectives, (3) present participle, (4) past participle, (5) noun phrase, (6) prepositional phrase, (7) noun class, and (8) verb.

Analysis of Audience Reception Against Intercultural Communication Represented in the Film Bumi Manusia

Bumi Manusia is a film by Pramoedya Ananta Toer which has a theme about the love story of a young man of Javanese descent with a girl of Dutch descent and his struggles in the midst of the early 20th century Indonesian movement. audience, how to interpret the message received from a media, namely from a film which is one of the mass communication media. The purpose of this study is to find out how the audience's reception of intercultural communication in the film Bumi Manusia. This research is a descriptive analytical research method using Stuart Hall reception analysis with the concept of encoding-decoding and data collection techniques using the interview method. This study succeeded in showing different audience receptions in interpreting intercultural communication in the film Bumi Manusia. The results of this study indicate, the audience perceives into three types of dominant hegemonic, negotiated reading and optional reading. Viewers who are included in this dominant hegemonic classification understand the message content as it is. Audiences who are in a negotiating position receive texts or scenes of intercultural communication in the film but are not fully accepted because there are still things to negotiate. While the audience is in an oppotional position, the audience does not accept the text or scenes of intercultural communication presented in the film.