Bulky Morphology Research Articles

Large, ulcerated infantile hemangioma of the chest wall complicated by life-threatening hemorrhage: Case report and literature review.

While ulceration is one of the most common infantile hemangioma (IH) complications, severe bleeding is a rare consequence, with a paucity of patients reported. We report a 5-month-old girl with a very large, mixed, partial segmental IH of the upper chest wall who, despite medical intervention, developed severe ulceration and multiple episodes of life-threatening bleeding that ultimately led to hemorrhagic shock. Experience in our patient and a review of six previous reports shows that severe bleeding is a risk when ulceration extends directly into an arterial feeding vessel that is often visible clinically. Other potential predictors for severe bleeding include large to very large IH size with extension of the tumor into underlying structures, segmental or partial segmental patterning, mixed and bulky morphology, and white discoloration as a sign of impending or worsening ulceration.

General Synthesis of High-Entropy Oxide Nanofibers.

The discovery of high-entropy oxides (HEOs) in 2015 has provided a family of potential solid catalysts, due to their tunable components, abundant defects or lattice distorts, excellent thermal stability (ΔG↓ = ΔH - TΔS↑), and so on. When facing the heterogeneous catalysis by HEOs, the micrometer bulky morphology and low surface areas (e.g., <10 m2 g-1) by traditional synthesis methods obstructed their way. In this work, an electrospinning method to fabricate HEO nanofibers with diameters of 50-100 nm was demonstrated. The key point lay in the formation of one-dimensional filamentous precursors, during which the uniform dispersion of five metal species with disordered configuration would help to crystallize into single-phase HEOs at lower temperatures: inverse spinel (Cr0.2Mn0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Fe0.2)3O4 (400 °C), perovskite La(Mn0.2Cu0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Fe0.2)O3 (500 °C), spinel Ni0.2Mg0.2Cu0.2Mn0.2Co0.2)Al2O4 (550 °C), and cubic Ni0.2Mg0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2Co0.2O (750 °C). As a proof-of-concept, (Ni3MoCoZn)Al12O24 nanofiber exhibited good activity (CH4 Conv. > 96%, CO2 Conv. > 99%, H2/CO ≈ 0.98), long-time stability (>100 h) for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) at 700 °C without coke deposition, better than control samples (Ni3MoCoZn)Al12O24-Coprecipitation-700 (CH4 Conv. < 3%, CO2 Conv. < 7%). The reaction mechanism of DRM was studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy, CO2-TPD, and CO2/CH4-TPSR. This electrospinning method provides a synthetic route for HEO nanofibers for target applications.

Active acoustic field modulation of ultrasonic transducers with flexible composites

The simple acoustic field generated by conventional transducers limits the development of ultrasound applications. Current methods rely on passive acoustic lenses or active arrays to manipulate ultrasonic waves, but they face challenges such as low transmission efficiency with bulky morphology for lenses, and complex systems with high-cost for arrays. Here, we propose a method exploiting flexible piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (FPUT) with 1-3 PZT8/PDMS composites to achieve a high-frequency and diversified ultrasonic field. The FPUT at a center frequency of 1.5 MHz exhibits a high electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt ~ 0.74), excellent transmission efficiency, and mechanical conformability. We showcase two dynamic functionalities of our setup, namely variable acoustic focus and multi-order vortex generated by circular and spiral shape transducers. Finally, we show that the FPUT achieves high-resolution underwater ultrasonic imaging at a wide spatial range (>12λ) via ultrasonic collimation, offering a viable technological alternative for active acoustic fields manipulation and ultrasonic applications.

Potassium L-ascorbate monohydrate: a new metal–organic nonlinear optical crystal

Large size single crystals of potassium L-ascorbate monohydrate (KLAM), (KC6H7O6.H2O) are grown using solution growth technique by lowering the temperature at the rate of 0.24 {\deg}C/h, where water was used as solvent. The structure of KLAM was solved by single crystal XRD. KLAM crystallizes in non-centrosymmetric, monoclinic, P21 space group with lattice parameters a = 7.030(5) {\AA}, b = 8.811(5) {\AA}, c = 7.638(5) {\AA} and \b{eta} = 114.891(5){\deg}. The crystal grows with bulky morphology in all three directions having (100), (-100), (-110), (0-1-1), (0-11), (001) and (00-1) prominent faces. TGA and DSC measurements show that KLAM is stable up to 80 {\deg}C. The crystal shows good optical transparency with a lower cut off as low as 297 nm. Second harmonic conversion efficiency measured on powder sample is 3.5 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Phase matching (PM) is observed on a plate of the KLAM. Noncollinear phase matching rings are also observed near the PM directions which help to identify the locus of PM directions. Presence of noncollinear SHG rings up to third order suggests large birefringence and nonlinear optical coefficients. Laser damage threshold value of the crystal is found to be 3.07 GW/cm2, at 1064 nm in 100 direction.

Super Small Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanospheres with Core‐Shell Structure for Photocatalysis

AbstractNovel uniform super small carbon nitride nanospheres with core‐shell structure were prepared in a one step procedure by using SiO2 hollow nanospheres as hard templates. The as‐prepared carbon nitride nanospheres with the average size of 20 nm displayed enhanced activities and durability in photocatalytic hydrogen production and the degradation of methyl orange (MO), compared to the conventional carbon nitride with bulky morphology under visible light (λ &gt; 420 nm) irradiation. The enhancement is attributed to the nano‐scaled carbon nitride spheres with unique core‐shell structures and large surface areas, which facilitate the photogenerated charge separation and fast transport.

3,5-Diamino-1,2,4-triazole@electrochemically reduced graphene oxide film modified electrode for the electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol

In this study, an eco-friendly benign method for the modification of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) on glassy carbon (GC) surface and electrochemical polymerized 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (DAT) film composite (pDAT@ERGO/GC) electrode was developed. The surface morphologies of the pDAT@ERGO/GC modified electrode were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM images indicated that the ERGO supported pDAT has an almost homogeneous morphology structure with a size of 70 to 80nm. It is due to the water oxidation reaction occurred while pDAT@ERGO/GC fabrication peak at +1.4V leads to O2 evolution and oxygen functional group functionalization on ERGO, which confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In contrast, the bare GC modified with pDAT showed randomly arranged irregular bulky morphology structure compared to those of pDAT@ERGO/GC. Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The pDAT@ERGO/GC modified electrode was used for the electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The 4-NP oxidation peak was observed at +0.25V, and the differential pulse voltammetry demonstrated wide concentration range (5–1500μM), high sensitivity (0.7113μA μM−1), and low limit of detection (37nM). Moreover, the pDAT@ERGO/GC electrode was applied to real water sample analysis by standard addition method, where in good recoveries (97.8% to 102.4%) were obtained.

E-Cigarette Vapor Induces an Apoptotic Response in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells Through the Caspase-3 Pathway.

Electronic cigarettes represent an increasingly significant proportion of today's consumable tobacco products. E-cigarettes contain several chemicals which may promote oral diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of e-cigarette vapor on human gingival epithelial cells. Results show that e-cigarette vapor altered the morphology of cells from small cuboidal form to large undefined shapes. Both single and multiple exposures to e-cigarette vapor led to a bulky morphology with large faint nuclei and an enlarged cytoplasm. E-cigarette vapor also increased L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the targeted cells. This activity was greater with repeated exposures. Furthermore, e-cigarette vapor increased apoptotic/necrotic epithelial cell percentages compared to that observed in the control. Epithelial cell apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assay showing that exposure to e-cigarette vapor increased apoptotic cell numbers, particularly after two and three exposures. This negative effect involved the caspase-3 pathway, the activity of which was greater with repeated exposure and which decreased following the use of caspase-3 inhibitor. The adverse effects of e-cigarette vapor on gingival epithelial cells may lead to dysregulated gingival cell function and result in oral disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1539-1547, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Computed Tomographic Diagnosis of Myocardial Fat Deposits in Sarcoidosis.

Fat deposits in the left ventricle (LV) myocardium are uncommon and usually indicate scar due to chronic myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of fatty lesions in the LV of patients with sarcoidosis. Review of noncontrast computed tomographic images (2-mm thickness) in 133 patients with documented extracardiac sarcoidosis (age, 35-82 years, 55 ± 10 years, 67% female) with no history of significant coronary artery disease (clinical and coronary calcium) was performed. A control group included noncontrast computed tomographies with no coronary calcium in 133 patients with age/sex (59 ± 6 years, 73% female) similar to the sarcoid target group. Locations and morphology (linear vs bulky) of fat deposits (-30 to -180 Hounsfield units) and relevant intrathoracic findings were recorded. We found 35 fat deposits in 19 (14.3%) of sarcoid patients (target group: age, 59 ± 7 years, 78% female). Lesions were mainly at the LV apical level (n = 14). In the control group, 15 lesions in 13 (9.7%) patients were found. Numbers of fatty lesions in sarcoid targets were significantly higher than those in the control group (P = 0.015). The number of bulky lesions was significantly higher in sarcoid (n = 9) than in control (n = 1; P < 0.05). No significant difference was found for the rate of linear lesions. Interstitial lung disease was seen in 9 and enlarged lymph nodes in 9 of the sarcoid target group. There was no significant correlation between the severity of interstitial lung disease and the number of fatty lesions. Sarcoid patients demonstrate a higher chance of having LV fat deposits with a characteristic bulky morphology.

Influence of the carbon surface on cathode deposits in non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries

Cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNT) with different surface properties were used for the non-aqueous Li–O2 battery cathodes, and then examined at high magnification to understand how the discharge products were deposited on the cathode. As-prepared CSCNT based cathode had many reactive edges consisting of truncated conical graphene layers. After discharge, discharge products with average particle size 50nm covered a nanotube, resulting in a layer-like texture. On the other hand, a heat-treated CSCNT based cathode was composed of edges terminated by graphitization of several graphene layers. After discharge, the size of the products was almost the same but the products were agglomerated, forming a bulky morphology. It was, thus, found that the carbon surface structure was closely related with the morphology of the cathode deposits after discharge. First principles calculations also indicated that no terminated edges acted as preferential active sites in adsorbing and storing the reaction species. It was, therefore, concluded that the active edges of the carbon surface were indispensable for controlling the morphology of cathode deposits and improving the battery performance.

Comparison of the effects of La- and Ce-rich rare earth additions on the microstructure, creep resistance, and high-temperature mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–3Cu cast alloy

The effect of 1 wt.% La- and Ce-rich rare earth (RE) additions on the microstructure, creep resistance, and high temperature mechanical properties of the Mg–6Zn–3Cu alloy (ZC63) was investigated by impression creep and shear punch tests (SPT). Impression creep tests were performed in the temperature range 423–498 K and under punching stress in the range 150–700 MPa for dwell times up to 3600 s. The ultimate shear strength (USS) was measured by the SPT in the temperature range 298–498 K. The results showed that Ce-rich RE was more effective than the La-rich RE in refining the as-cast microstructure, increasing the number density of eutectic phases at grain boundaries, and producing thermally stable Mg 12RE and MgRE compounds. The creep strength of the base alloy was remarkably improved by addition of both types of RE elements, although the Ce-rich RE-containing alloy showed better creep resistance. The addition of La-rich RE increased the shear strength of the base alloy, whereas Ce-rich RE addition had detrimental effects on the shear strength. This was attributed to the formation of a grain boundary network of Mg(Zn,Cu) Laves phases in Ce-rich RE-containing alloy. This grain boundary network with a bulky morphology promoted the initiation and propagation of cracks, leading to an adverse effect on the strength. This was in contrast with its positive influence on inhibiting grain boundary sliding and migration, which enhanced the creep strength of the alloy.

Growth of Delafossite CuCr1−xMxO2 Systems and Their Anisotropic Magnetization

The effort to obtain a good crystalline state of delafossite CuCrO2 phase is becoming important along with their potential application and scientific important results. In this paper we report the result of crystal growth and their Magnetic and Electric Capacitance Measurements. We focused on two methods i.e. flux decomposition (FD), and Bi2O3 Flux Growth (FB). The starting materials for FD growth were K2Cr2O7 and CuO taking the advantage of the potassium dichromate’s decomposition. In case of FB flux growth, we should prepare the correct molar ratio for CuCrO2 pellet on the Bi2O3 powder in 1 : 6 ratio. It is found that both methods are possible to obtain crystalline phases along with their specific technical processes to be overcomed. We show that FB method resulted flaky shapes while FD method produced rather bulky morphology. The obtained samples were checked by CAD4 single crystal diffractometer for their lattices and MPMS-SQUID magnetometer for their magnetization for different orientation. We check also the electric capacitance at the range of 5 K to 300 K along c lattice direction. It is found that their single Neel temperature (TN) fall around 25 K. A distinct anisotropy of magnetization profiles shown by its crystal directions and planes. On the other hand the out of plane electric capacitance of Mn doped crystal did not show any transition at the range of 5 K to 300 K.

Microstructural Evolution and Crystal Orientation of Electromagnetically Stirred Al Alloy in the Semi-Solid State

Through more than three decades of development, a semi-solid metal processing has been successfully established as a unique casting technique to produce a structural component for an automobile industry with high integrity and improved mechanical properties. A slurry-on-demand process to make the semi-solid slurry having a fine and globular microstructure has been very important in the semi-solid metal process. In the present study, the orientation distribution functions (ODFs) calculated from the pole figure data were examined and tried to characterize the bulky morphology of primary solid phase of the semi-solid slurry of Al-Cu alloy produced with various magnetic flux density of 100 to 300Gauss in the specially designed electromagnetic (EM) stirrer. Columnar dendritic structure of primary α phase was turned into a rosette and globular structure by EM stirring during solidification. The primary α phase was refined and globularized with increasing a magnetic flux density of EM stirring. Also, due to the EM stirring the tendency to random orientation was appeared. In the case of unstirred Al-Cu alloy the &lt;110&gt;//ND texture was developed strongly and &lt;100&gt;//ND and &lt;111&gt;//ND texture was weakly developed. But with the increase of the EM stirring strength, &lt;100&gt;//ND and &lt;111&gt;//ND texture were more strongly advanced. Due to EM stirring the texture was almost completely randomized.

Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring on Orientation Distribution Function of Primary Solid Phase of Al-Cu Alloy

In this study, the orientation distribution function (ODF), which can be calculated from the pole figure data, was examined and tried in order to characterize the bulky morphology of primary solid phase of semi-solid slurry instead of erroneous 2D observation for the characterization of microstructure. Al-15wt%Cu alloys were electromagnetically stirred during the continuous cooling in the specially designed electromagnetic (EM) stirrer, which generates a rotating magnetic field, and the samples were prepared by interrupt-quenching semi-solid slurry at a solid-liquid region. Owing to EM stirring the temperature distribution of melt inside a crucible became uniformed compared with the case of unstirred melt and the normal dendritic structure was transformed to one consisting of the spherical and rosette shaped primary solid phase due to the fragmentation of the dendrites. Also by the effect of EM stirring the &lt;110&gt;//ND texture were still strongly developed, but the advancement of the orientations to lead &lt;110&gt;//ND texture became weaker, and the orientations to lead &lt;100&gt;//ND and &lt;111&gt;//ND texture were more strongly advanced in comparison with the unstirred case. Therefore the advancement of the texture became weak and so the tendency to random orientation was appeared due to the EM stirring. Therefore it was thought that the extent of random orientation could be valued for the characterization of bulky morphology of primary solid phase of semi-solid slurry.

Comparative Analysis of Hollow and Filled Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Templated on Melamine Formaldehyde and Carbonate Cores

AbstractSummary: A comparative study of polyelectrolyte microcapsules templated on melamine formaldehyde (MF) and manganese carbonate (MnCO3) particles was performed using confocal Raman microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and by force measurements with an atomic force microscope. There is no significant difference between the properties of the shells templated on the MF and completely decomposable carbonate particles. In the case of capsules filled with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), the MF oligomers formed a network complex with the polymer which resulted in a gel‐like structure in the interior. The existence of such a structure was proved by characteristic MF and PSS bands in Raman spectra, the bulky morphology of the dried capsules and much stiffer resistance to applied force as compared with PSS‐filled capsules templated on carbonate particles.SEM images of PSS‐loaded PAH/PSS capsules assembled on the on the MF template core.magnified imageSEM images of PSS‐loaded PAH/PSS capsules assembled on the on the MF template core.

Preparation of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Coated Coal Fly Ash by Dropping Method of Coating Agent And Photocatalytic Characterization

【$TiO_2$ -coated fly ash was synthesized by dropping method of coating agent in order to get $TiO_2$ coating layer with high photocatalytic activity on the surface of coal fly ash. The properties of the $TiO_2$ coating layer such as morphology, crystal structure, crystal size and photocatalytic activity were compared with those of the $TiO_2$ -coated fly ash prepared by the traditional method of precipitation. $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution was used as a titanium stock solution and $NH_4HCO_3$ was used as a precipitant. The $TiO_2$ coating layer obtained by dropping method of coating agent was more uniform than that coated by precipitation. However, the crystal of $TiO_2$ coated by dropping method of coating agent was easy to grow by heat treatment because of the small primary particle size and bulky morphology, and its photocatalytic activity was consequently lower than that of the $TiO_2$ coated by precipitation. The $TiO_2$ coating layer obtained by both methods had a crystal structure of anatase, and the temperature of phase transformation into rutile was 90 $0^{\circ}C$ . The minimum crystal size of $TiO_2$ for the highest photocatalytic activity was found to be about 10nm.】