Bulk Phase Research Articles

First principles investigations on structural, electronic, optical, and thermodynamical properties of bulk and surfaces of In2CO

This study reports first-principles investigations of the structural, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of a novel material In2CO in bulk phase and slab models in (001), (100), (101), and (011) orientations to develop a fundamental understanding of its characteristics. The material appeared structurally as well as dynamically stable in the orthorhombic phase. The thermal properties demonstrated that the material's heat capacity is more temperature-sensitive than entropy and enthalpy. The electronic band structure analysis revealed that the orthorhombic phase material is a semiconductor with a narrow indirect band gap. The electronic structures modeled using the spin-orbit coupling yielded the metallic phase of the slabs except for (001) orientation. The electromagnetic absorption characteristics of the compound are also investigated to explore the material's potential in optoelectronic applications. The direction-dependent study of optical characteristics revealed that the (001) slab of the material can be an efficient infrared detector. The survey findings provide instrumental outcomes in utilizing In2CO in electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Probing photochemical dynamics using electronic vs vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy: The case of the hydrated electron at the water/air interface.

Photo-dynamics can proceed differently at the water/air interface compared to in the respective bulk phases. Second-order non-linear spectroscopy is capable of selectively probing the dynamics of species in such an environment. However, certain conclusions drawn from vibrational and electronic sum-frequency generation spectroscopies do not agree as is the case for the formation and structure of hydrated electrons at the interface. This Perspective aims to highlight these apparent discrepancies, how they can be reconciled, suggests how the two techniques complement one another, and outline the value of performing both techniques on the same system.

Challenges and Modification Strategies on High-Voltage Layered Oxide Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted great attention due to their advantages on resource abundance, cost and safety. Layered oxide cathodes (LOCs) of SIBs possess high theoretical capacity, facile synthesis and low cost, and are promising candidates for large scale energy storage application. Increasing operating voltage is an effective strategy to achieve higher specific capacity and also high energy density of SIBs. However, at high operating voltages, LOCs will undergo a series of phase transitions in bulk phase, leading to huge change of volume and layer spacings accompanied by severe lattice stress and cracking formation. Degeneration of surface also occurs between LOCs and electrolytes, resulting in sustained growth of cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and release of O2 and CO2. These induce structural destruction and electrochemical performance degradation in high voltage regions. Recently, many strategies have been proposed to improve electrochemical performance of LOCs under high voltages, including bulk element doping, structural design, surface coating and gradient doping. This review describes pivotal challenges and occurrence mechanisms at high voltages, and summarizes strategies to improve stability of bulk and surface. Viewpoints will be provided to promote development of high energy density SIBs.

Outer Helmholtz plane adsorption regulation to achieve low-concentration of pure propylene carbonate solvent electrolytes compatible with graphite anode

The low melting point and high polarity of propylene carbonate (PC) make it an ideal solvent for electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but the incompatibility with graphite anode hinders the application. In the present study, a new method is developed to solve this problem from a new viewpoint. Introduction of saturated LiNO3 (0.14 mol L‒1) into pure PC electrolyte containing lithium salt with normal concentration (1.38 mol L‒1) leads to a perfect compatibility with graphite anode. Li/Graphite cell using this pure PC electrolyte shows a reversible capacity of 350.0 mAh g‒1 and a 200-cycle capacity retention of 96.3 %. Further mechanism study and theoretical computation indicate that the NO3‒ anions are adsorbed to outer Helmholtz plane of the electric double layer at the graphite anode interface. This changes the Li+ solvation structure in the electric double layer, facilitating the Li+ desolvation process hence resulting in high compatibility with the graphite anode. The most prominent advantage of the present strategy is that, because of the adsorption of NO3‒ anions to the outer Helmholtz plane, the compatibility with graphite anode could be improved by introduction of tiny amount of Li salt without large change of the bulk phase properties of the electrolyte. This work provides a new understanding of the compatibility from the viewpoint of outer Helmholtz plane, which might deliver new insights for the optimization of electrolytes for LIBs.

Lattice energy transfer from homo-crystalline substitution for enhanced piezo-photocatalytic CO2 conversion

The rapid recombination of carriers and large activation energy of CO2 compromise the efficiency of CO2 photoreduction. Herein, SrTiO3 (STO) with different molar ratios of La3+ and Al3+ double-site homo-crystalline substitution is prepared by a ball-milling molten salt method. The concentration of Ti3+ and excess oxygen vacancies decrease to improve the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the double sites act as electron transfer platforms for easy electron transfer from the bulk phase to the surface to foster CO2 photoreduction. Not only that, the energy transfer due to doping-induced lattice distortion can potentially enhance the photocatalytic activity. A piezoelectrically polarized electric field is introduced to further expedite charge transport. As a result, the activity of La, Al-STO piezo-photocatalytic CO2 reduction is improved to 39.17 µmol g-1h−1, which is more than seven times better than that of the pure STO. Furthermore, CO2 adsorbs spontaneously on the catalysts because the thermodynamic energy barrier decreases due to the piezoelectric force, which is verified by density-functional theory calculation. This study reveals the great potential of double-site homo-crystalline substitution of STO pertaining to the charge transport kinetics and thermodynamics of the catalytic reaction in the piezo-photocatalytic CO2 process.

From Synthesis to Energy Storage, The Microchemistry of MXene and MBene

AbstractMXene and MBene, with diverse and adjustable surface and bulk structures, show many unique chemical properties and are applied in various energy storage technologies, and the latest developments for them are reviewed respectively. However, the current reports on the synthesis of the two materials and the application of related devices are still separate and limited to the macro details. In this review, the microscopic chemistry of synthesis strategies for MXene and MBene and the differences in synthesis strategies caused by the structure differences between them are elucidated. Later, the impact of synthesis strategies on their overall morphologies and subsequent material property differences are discussed, and key considerations in the field of energy storage are described. Next, it is elaborated on how the surface and bulk phases of MXene and MBene utilize these properties to participate in electrochemical reactions individually or synergistically. Unlike previous reviews, MXene and MBene are incorporated into a unified framework from a microscopic perspective for discussion, and the relationship of synthesis‐structure/properties‐function is elucidated. Finally, the “skipping strategy” and “joint devices” as the next‐generation design concepts of MXene in the synthesis and application fields, and the development template for MBene materials are proposed.

A two-pronged approach:Bulk-phase substitution and second-phase synergism to enhance the anion redox stability of layered oxide cathode for sodium-ion batteries

As a supplement to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have great application potential in large-scale energy storage equipment, vehicle start-stop power supplies, and low-speed electric vehicle power. P3-NaxLiyMn1-yO2 (NLMO), has received widespread attention due to its higher charge voltage and discharge capacity. However, poor cycle stability and rapid voltage platform decay caused by the release of oxygen during charging hinder its practical application. This paper reports a new NLMO modification strategy, which effectively improves the cycling stability of NLMO by substituting Zr4+ for Mn4+ in the bulk phase to suppress the O2−/On− redox couple activity and stabilize the ZrO2 second phase lattice. Under the combined action of substitution and second phase, the capacity retention rate of NLMO@Zr0.15 was 85.4 % after 100 cycles at a rate of 5 C. The results show that Zr4+ changes the coordination environment and electronic structure of O in the crystal lattice, prompting further splitting of Mn t2 g, thereby increasing the proportion of Mn 3d orbitals near the Fermi level. During the first discharge process, due to the charge balancing effect, Mn3+/Mn4+ replaced the electrochemical activity of O2−/On−, obtaining a specific capacity of up to 161 mAh g−1. This internal and external improvement idea provides a new direction for solving the poor cycle stability of NLMO high specific energy sodium-ion battery cathode materials and improving the specific capacity.

Improving the Cycle Stability of LiNiO2 through Al3+ Doping and LiAlO2 Coating.

In this study, we addressed the poor cycling and rate performance of LiNiO2, a material with ultrahigh nickel content considered a strong contender for high-energy-density lithium-ion battery cathodes. We introduced nano-Al2O3 during the lithiation process to achieve dual modified material through bulk phase element doping and in situ LiAlO2 coating. Comparison revealed notable improvements in the modified materials. In particular, LiNi0.99Al0.01O2 maintained a capacity retention rate of 73.1% after 300 cycles in a long-cycle test at 0.5C current density, outperforming the undoped material. In rate performance tests, the doped samples consistently exhibited higher discharge-specific capacities than that of the undoped counterpart. Notably, at a high current density of 5C, LiNi0.99Al0.01O2 exhibited a discharge-specific capacity of 101.75 mAh g-1. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of Al doping can effectively stabilize the layered structure of the cathode material and delay the irreversible phase transition from H2 to H3. Further, Al doping facilitates the formation of a LiAlO2 coating on the surface of the particles. This coating acts as a fast-ion conductor, enhancing the transport of lithium ions and reducing the erosion of the active material by the electrolyte.

Nanostructure Formation in Glycerolipid Films during Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A GISAXS Study.

Responsive nanostructured films from food-grade lipids can be valuable for food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological science. Lyotropic liquid crystalline structures that respond to enzymes in their environment can, for instance, be innovated as drug delivery platforms or biosensors. However, the structural changes that such films undergo during enzymatic reactions with lipase are not yet understood. This work demonstrates the preparation of mesostructured lipid films from the food-grade lipids glycerol monooleate (GMO) and triolein on silicon wafers and their digestion with pancreatic lipase using time-resolved synchrotron grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The film structure is compared with the corresponding GMO/triolein bulk phases in excess water. Increasing the GMO/triolein ratio in the film makes it possible to modulate the structure of the films from oil coatings to inverse hexagonal and inverse bicontinuous cubic films. Pancreatic lipase triggered swelling of the internal film nanostructure and eventually structural transformation inside the film. Orientation and reorientation of the internal film structure relative to the silicon wafer surface were observed during the preparation of the films and their digestion. The findings contribute to the understanding of self-assembly in thin films and guide the development of enzyme-responsive coatings for the functional modification of various substrates.

Influence of Aqueous Phase Salt and Oil Phase Surfactants and Viscosity on the Dynamic Interfacial Tension and Coalescence Timescales.

Liquid-liquid separation is a critically important process in the treatment of emulsions that can occur in our environment, such as oily stormwater, shipboard bilgewater, or off-shore oil spill treatment. Effective filtration systems, including coalescing filters, are essential for mitigating these environmental pollutants. Achieving this requires a comprehensive understanding of liquid-liquid interface dynamics influenced by additives and surfactants. Furthermore, understanding the impact of surfactants on emulsion stability in saline environments is vital for optimizing filtration processes and ensuring the protection of marine and freshwater ecosystems. In this work, these effects are highlighted using measurements performed across a range of droplet size, surfactant concentration, viscosity ratios, and saline presence. Dynamic IFT measurements are conducted using the pendant drop method for water in light mineral oil, with and without salt in the water phase. The effect of salt addition is also highlighted by using microfluidic coalescence experiments, in which it was found that the addition of salt increases the dimensionless drainage time below the critical micelle concentration. The second focus of this work is to study the effect of bulk phase viscosity on the stability. Dynamic IFT measurements are performed at both millimeter and micrometer scales using pendant drop experiments and microfluidic tensiometry, respectively, involving light and heavy mineral oils with varying SPAN80 surfactant concentrations. The surfactant diffusivity and interfacial adsorption and desorption rates are then extracted by fitting a surfactant diffusion and equation of state equations to the dynamic IFT measurements. The results of the IFT decay, surfactant diffusivity, and adsorption rates are compared at two different viscosity ratios. This study also compares the times required for IFT relaxation with the film drainage times in water-in-oil systems. The comparison aids in comprehending the impact of competing timescales during film drainage. The findings presented in this paper offer valuable insights into the design and optimization of liquid-liquid filtration systems, especially when operating under challenging environmental conditions, such as in saline environments. The principles explored here can be applied to improving industrial water treatment and in the design of advanced filtration technologies for chemical and petrochemical industries, particularly those involving flow, contributing to more sustainable and efficient practices in handling emulsified waste streams.

Microdroplet-Mediated Multiphase Cycling in a Cloud of Water Drives Chemoselective Electrolysis.

Electrification of water in clouds leads to fascinating redox reactions on Earth. However, little is known about cloud electrochemistry, except for lightning, a natural hazard that is nearly impossible to harness. We report a controllable electrochemistry that can be enabled in microclouds by fast phase switching of water between the microdroplet, vapor, and bulk phase. Due to the size-dependent charge transfer between droplets during atomization, this process generates an alternating voltage arising from the self-electrification and discharging of microdroplets, vapor, and bulk phase by electron and ion transfer. We show that the microclouds with alternating voltage cause 1,2-dichloroethane (ClH2C-CH2Cl) to be converted to vinyl chloride (H2C═CHCl) at ∼80% selectivity. These findings highlight the importance of controlled cloud electrochemistry in accelerating the removal of volatile organic compounds and treating contaminated water. We suggest that this work opens an avenue for harnessing cloud electrochemistry to solve challenging chemoselectivity problems in aqueous reactions of environmental and industrial importance.

Numerical simulation of phase transition with the hyperbolic Godunov-Peshkov-Romenski model

In this paper, a thermodynamically consistent numerical solution of the interfacial Riemann problem for the first-order hyperbolic continuum model of Godunov, Peshkov and Romenski (GPR model) is presented. In the presence of phase transition, interfacial physics are governed by molecular interaction on a microscopic scale, beyond the scope of the macroscopic continuum model in the bulk phases. The developed approximate two-phase Riemann solvers tackle this multi-scale problem, by incorporating a local thermodynamic model to predict the interfacial entropy production. Using phenomenological relations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, interfacial mass and heat fluxes are derived from the entropy production and provide closure at the phase boundary. We employ the proposed Riemann solvers in an efficient sharp interface level-set Ghost-Fluid framework to provide coupling conditions at phase interfaces under phase transition. As a single-phase benchmark, a Rayleigh-Bénard convection is studied to compare the hyperbolic thermal relaxation formulation of the GPR model against the hyperbolic-parabolic Euler-Fourier system. The novel interfacial Riemann solvers are validated against molecular dynamics simulations of evaporating shock tubes with the Lennard-Jones shifted and truncated potential. On a macroscopic scale, evaporating shock tubes are computed for the material n-Dodecane and compared against Euler-Fourier results. Finally, the efficiency and robustness of the scheme is demonstrated with shock-droplet interaction simulations that involve both phase transfer and surface tension, while featuring severe interface deformations.

Self-Adaptive Layering Structure of Nanoconfined Fe-Ni Liquids: Origin of the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition.

Metallic liquids under confinement exhibit different properties compared to those of their corresponding bulk phases, such as miscibility, diffusion, and phase transitions. Unfortunately, the challenges in experimentally characterizing Fe-Ni liquids at the nanoscale and the high cost of first-principles simulations hindered the atom-level understanding that is necessary for controlling Fe-Ni liquids. Here, we report a comprehensive molecular dynamics study of the liquid Fe-Ni alloy confined within nanoslits. Driven by the slit size, the confined Fe-Ni liquid experiences the liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) that is characterized by layering transitions. Interestingly, during the LLPT, a transition liquid phase appears, separating two layering phases, which is accompanied by abnormal variations in density, potential energy, and pressure perpendicular to the wall. The Voronoi cluster analysis reveals a self-adaptive local structural evolution in confined Fe-Ni liquids during the LLPT. The effect of temperature, pressure, and composition on the LLPT is investigated. Based on the pressure-confinement phase diagram, the LLPT is mainly induced by confinement under high pressure, while under low pressure, the LLPT is mainly pressure-driven. Our research will stimulate more interest in the phase transition under confinement in a metallic system.

Casein network formation at oil–water interfaces is reduced by [formula omitted]-casein and increased by Ca[formula omitted]

Mixtures of bovine caseins can serve as a benchmark for understanding the functionality of microbial-based recombinant caseins at oil–water interfaces. In this work we show that, in the presence of Ca2+, the individual casein fractions form viscoelastic networks at the oil–water interface with comparable stiffness. In the absence of Ca2+, αs2- and β-casein interfacial network formation was strongly inhibited over the full deformation regime. For αs1-casein, the network stiffness was increased in the absence of Ca2+ at small deformations (<15%), but at large deformations (>50%) it was completely disrupted, to a similar stiffness as αs2- and β-casein. The interfacial structure formed by κ-casein was largely unaffected by Ca2+ due to limited phosphorylation. We hypothesize that the differences between calcium-sensitive caseins lie in the conformation they assume at the interface. Both αs2- and β-casein adsorb in a train-tail conformation with a tail extending into the aqueous bulk phase, whereas αs1-casein adsorbs in a loop-train conformation, with a loop that extends less into the bulk phase. The tail-train configuration is hypothesized to increase the inter-molecular Ca2+ bridging thereby increasing the interfacial stiffness of αs2- and β-casein.Blending the casein fractions revealed a strong negative effect of β-casein on the interfacial modulus, which was more pronounced at a higher concentration. The presence of Ca2+ remained important for interfacial network formation of a casein blend. Without Ca2+, the interfacial network was less stiff, more viscous, and behaved like a 2d polymer solution.With this work we showed that casein interfacial network formation at oil–water interfaces is mediated by Ca2+ bridging. Blending the different casein fractions decreased the interfacial viscoelastic properties through the presence of β-casein. These results indicate that future work on recombinant caseins should focus on single genetic variants, since a blend of variants will likely decrease interfacial functionality.

Track of methylparaben in the bulk phase and on the extracellular matrix of dual-species biofilms: Biodegradation and bioaccumulation

Methylparaben (MP) is a preservative considered an environmental contaminant of emerging concern due to its persistence in water sources, including drinking water (DW). This study assesses the interaction between MP and dual-species biofilms of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. These biofilms were grown under realism-based conditions in a multiple-cylinder biofilm reactor on polypropylene (PPL) surfaces, for 7 days, and then exposed to MP at 0.5 mg/L for three consecutive days. S. maltophilia predominantly succeeds within these biofilms compared to A. calcoaceticus. Exposure to MP resulted in a 4-fold increase in the number of culturable cells and a 1.4-fold rise in polysaccharide content, suggesting that bacterial cells may utilize MP as a carbon source to enhance biofilm fitness. MP was found to adsorb to PPL with biofilms following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Circa 37 % of MP adsorbed to PPL after 3 days of exposure. Besides that, MP was biodegraded by biofilms following an apparent first-order kinetic model. Part (25 %) of the MP was biodegraded whereas only 0.02 % bioaccumulated on the biofilm matrix. Biodegradation was related to esterase and lipase activity. The results provide new insights into the interaction between MP with biofilms and materials used in DW industries.

Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Precision to Ethylene and Ethanol: The Role of Additional Boron Catalytic Sites in Cu-Based Tandem Catalysts.

The electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable multicarbon (C2+) compounds offers a promising approach to mitigate CO2 emissions and harness renewable energy. However, achieving precise selectivity for specific C2+ products, such as ethylene and ethanol, remains a formidable challenge. This study shows that incorporating elemental boron (B) into copper (Cu) catalysts provides additional adsorption sites for *CO intermediates, enhancing the selectivity of desirable C2+ products. Additionally, using a nickel single-atom catalyst (Ni-SAC) as a *CO source increases local *CO concentration and reduces the hydrogen evolution reaction. In situ experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that surface-bound boron units adsorb and convert *CO more efficiently, promoting ethylene production, while boron within the bulk phase of copper influences charge transfer, facilitating ethanol generation. In a neutral electrolyte, the bias current density for ethylene production using the B-O-Cu2@Ni-SAC0.05 hybrid catalyst exceeded 300 mA cm-2, and that for ethanol production with B-O-Cu5@Ni-SAC0.2 surpassed 250 mA cm-2. This study underscores that elemental doping in Cu-based catalysts not only alters charge and crystalline phase arrangements at Cu sites but also provides additional reduction sites for coupling reactions, enabling the efficient synthesis of distinct C2+ products.

Triggering Asymmetric Layer Displacement Polarization and Redox Dual-Sites Activation by Inside-Out Anion Substitution for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction.

Sluggish bulk charge transfer and barren catalytic sites severely hinder the CO2 photoreduction process. Seeking strategies for accelerating charge dynamics and activating reduction and oxidation sites synchronously presents a huge challenge. Herein, an inside-out chlorine (Cl) ions substitution strategy on the layered polar Bi4O5Br2 is proposed for achieving layer structure-dependent polarization effect and redox dual-sites activation. Cl ions in the bulk phase shrink the halogen layer interspace by 8‰, triggering asymmetric [Bi4O5]2+ layer displacement polarization, prolonging the average photocharge lifetime to 201.8ps. Meanwhile, surface substituted Cl ions enhance the electron-donating capability of neighboring Bi atoms, activating the intrinsic Bi reduction sites, and increasing H2O molecule adsorption on nearby intrinsic O oxidation site (cal. by 0.105eV), also self-donating as an alien oxidation site. Besides, Cl upshifts the p-band center closer to the Fermi level, facilitating the reactant adsorption. Therefore, the energy barrier for CO2 activation and rate-limiting *COOH intermediate formation steps are significantly decreased. Without cocatalysts and sacrificial reagents, inside-out Cl-substituted Bi4O5Br2 delivers a remarkable CO2-to-CO photoreduction rate of 50.18µmol g-1 h-1, being one of the state-of-the-art catalysts. This finding offers insights into exploiting polarization at the molecular-level and enhances understanding of catalytic site activation.

Experimental and theoretical determination of minimum miscibility pressure of supercritical CO2 and alkanes at nanoconfinement

The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is crucial for CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). However, accurately determining MMP within nanoconfinement has been challenging due to intricate molecular interactions and reduced permeability. This study leveraged nanofluidic technology to determine MMP for supercritical CO2-alkanes at the nanoscale by observing the vanishing interface, noting a 5.1 % reduction for CO2-octane at 30 nm versus 1 μm at 80 ℃. It further explored the impact of alkane type and temperature on nanoconfinement, elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, a theoretical method was developed to estimate MMP ranging from 10 to 1000 nm, aligning well with the experimental results. The findings highlight the lower nanoscale MMP values compared to the bulk phase. This research presents methods for investigating thermodynamic properties under nanoconfinement, providing insights into the abnormal behaviors of fluids at the nanoscale and contributing to EOR.

Two-Step Noncatalyzed Hydrolysis Mechanism of Imines at the Air-Water Interface.

The hydrolysis of imines has long been assumed to be their main atmospheric fate, based on early studies in the field of organic chemistry. However, the hydrolysis mechanism and kinetics of atmospheric imines remain unclear. Here, an advanced Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics method was employed to investigate the noncatalyzed hydrolysis mechanism and kinetics at the air-water interface by selecting CH2NH as a model molecule. The results indicate that CH2NH exhibits a pronounced surface preference. The noncatalyzed hydrolysis of CH2NH follows a unique two-step reaction mechanism involving first proton transfer and then OH- transfer through the water bridge at the air-water interface, in contrast to the traditional one-step mechanism. The calculated reaction rate for the rate-determining step is 3.32 × 105 s-1, which is 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the bulk phase. In addition, the involvement of the interfacial electric field further enhances the reaction rate by approximately 3 orders of magnitude. The noncatalyzed hydrolysis rate at both the air-water interface and the bulk phase is higher than that of the possible acid-catalyzed one, clarifying noncatalyzed hydrolysis as the dominant mechanism for CH2NH. This study elucidates that the noncatalyzed hydrolysis of atmospheric imines is feasible at the air-water interface and that the revealed unique two-step hydrolysis mechanism has significant implications in atmospheric and water environmental chemistry.

Electrode and Electrolyte Design Strategies Toward Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractFast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries are pivotal in overcoming the limitations of energy storage devices, particularly their energy density. There is a burgeoning interest in boosting energy storage performance through enhanced fast‐charging capabilities. However, the challenge lies in developing batteries that combine high rates, long cycle life, high capacity, and safety. This review emphasizes the importance of fundamentals and design principles of fast charging, identifying the transport of ion/electron within the electrodes/electrolytes' bulk phase and at phase boundaries as the crucial rate‐limiting steps for fast charging. Such as ion transport tunnel regulation, interfacial modification, defect engineering and multiphase systems, various optimization strategies improve the stable and exceptional electrochemical reaction kinetics for electrodes. Constructing stable solid electrolyte interfaces and adjusting solvation structures further enhance the Li+ diffusion kinetics of electrolytes. The review critically assesses the impacts and limitations of these strategies, suggesting future research directions and insights for advancing fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries. It is anticipated that this review will inspire and guide the systematic evolution of fast‐charging technologies.