Bulgarian Community Research Articles

The identity of the Bulgarians in Hungary

The immigration of Bulgarians in Hungary was the result of the centuries-old traditions of migrant work within the Bulgarian people. In accordance with the productive activity, the way of life and the stages of resettlement of the immigrants, we can distinguish four stages in the establishment of the ethnic community. Since the 1950s, the awareness of collective identity has strengthened, and the ongoing process has become deeper and wider with the adoption of the related legal framework, the (public law) system of minority self-governments started in 1994–1995 and the increasing number of cultural institutions. The role of the old homeland in the identity has been clearly relegated to the background. The changes of the past two decades seem to indicate that evolving from a group of economic migrants, the Bulgarian community has definitely become a national minority, which has brought renewal as well as cultural and autonomous institutional development, but may also involve the risk of accelerating linguistic assimilation.

Implementation of pharmaceutical care knowledge in Bulgarian community pharmacies

Introduction: The concept “Pharmaceutical care” is a new philosophy for Bulgarian community pharmacy practice. Beginning in 2000, a new course in pharmaceutical care was introduced in the curriculum of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Later its status changed from free to compulsory and was included in the National Education regulation for higher pharmaceutical education. The newly graduated pharmacists are making their first attempts to introduce this knowledge into practice.Aim: This study was designed to evaluate two criteria; the applicability of pharmaceutical care standards to Bulgarian pharmacies and their importance for the patient.Results: The results from two questionnaires show that practicing pharmacists appraise the pharmaceutical care standards for pharmacy practice as applicable and are interested in applying these standards if a legal regulation is introduced.Conclusion: Pharmacists are better prepared to implement pharmaceutical care practice and standards in Bulgarian community pharmacy.

The social and psychological adjustment of the Bulgarian community in Greece

Materials and methods In the present study, 200 Bulgarian immigrants currently living in Athens took part. Their age ranged from 18 to 65 years, 18% of them were men and 78% women, while the average stay in Greece is 5.1 years. The questionnaire that was filled in for the purpose of the study was divided into three main sections. The first part concerned personal details, the second section questioned the access to the social services and the third one comprised the Zung Depression Inventory.

Entre Russie et Bulgarie [Contribution à l'histoire de la première église bulgare de Constantinople (1847-1859) : Un texte inédit d'Alexandre Exarh

Pierre Voillery, Between Russia and Bulgaria. Contribution to the history of the first Bulgarian church in Constantinople. This previously unpublished text of Alexander Exarh pertaining to the foundation of a Bulgarian church in Constantinople constitutes a contribution to the history of the national revival of Bulgaria insofar as it represents a testimony of one of the principal promoters of this event. The author does not supply a new interpretation of this question but clarifies some of its points. He reinstates the role played by A. Exarh in the establishment of an autonomous Bulgarian church; he points out the balance of power then prevailing within the Bulgarian community of the Ottoman capital and supplies a better understanding of the rivalry that opposed foreign Powers desirous to acquire the control of this movement; finally he throws a light on the interplay of different factions within the leading circles of the Ottoman Empire, be they Turkish or Greek.

The Bulgarian Medieval State: Seventh To Fourteenth Centuries

AbstractThe Bulgarian State has had an independent historical existence and sovereignty for 552 years, from its foundation on the Balkan Peninsula in 681 to its destruction under the assaults of the Ottoman Turks in 1396. It was this long historical existence that was conducive in the Middle Ages to the formation of a staunch and sturdy Bulgarian ethnical community to be preserved throughout the centuries, irrespective of great historical vicissitudes. The medieval Bulgarian state was a considerable political factor in the history of Europe, and of the Balkan Peninsula in particular. It maintained various relations with neighboring and distant states. While the nature of these relations changed with the various periods, they depended on certain factors that had a marked reflection on Bulgaria's international ties and determined the direction of its development. These factors have had basic importantance: 1) the territorial size and the ethnical and military potential of the Bulgarian state; 2) its public and administrative setup and its institutions; 3) the nature and development of its international relations, and 4) the position and the part played by its ruler in the Medieval European "family of rulers and nations." Each of these factors was a precondition for the evolvement of the others. If these factors are to be reviewed through their effects, a possibility is at hand to reveal the role and importance of the Medieval Bulgarian state on the European continent. So far, historiographic attempts to generalize this problem have been a comprehensive examination of the history of the Bulgarian state at its peak moments.1

The `Second Bulgarian Empire.' Its Origin and History to 1204

Next article No AccessThe `Second Bulgarian Empire.' Its Origin and History to 1204Robert Lee WolffRobert Lee Wolff Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 24, Number 2Apr., 1949 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2848560 Views: 15Total views on this site Citations: 13Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1949 The Mediaeval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jörg Baten, Thomas Keywood, Georg Wamser Territorial state capacity and elite violence from the 6th to the 19th century, European Journal of Political Economy 79 (Apr 2021): 102037.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102037Lorenzo Pubblici Cumani, (Jan 2021).https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-313-0Ивана Коматина НЕКОЛИКО ЗАПАЖАЊА О БИЦИ НА МОРАВИ SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BATTLE OF MORAVA, Историјски часопис , no.69/202069/2020 (Dec 2020): 39–60.https://doi.org/10.34298/IC2069039KAndrey Yu. Vinogradov, Anastasia S. Dobychina “Erinyes and Maenads”. Who Stood at the Cradle of the New Bulgarian Community in 1185–1186?, Slovene 7, no.11 (Jan 2018): 41–54.https://doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.1.3Alexander Angelov Bulgarian Medieval Empire (First and Second), (Jan 2016): 1–6.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe184Dimiter G. Angelov Domestic opposition to Byzantium's alliance with Saladin: Niketas Choniates and his Epiphany oration of 1190, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 30, no.11 (Apr 2016): 49–68.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0307013100015044István Vásáry Cumans and Tatars, 19 (Jul 2009).https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511496622 Antony Eastmond "Local" Saints, Art, and Regional Identity in the Orthodox World after the Fourth Crusade, Speculum 78, no.33 (Oct 2015): 707–749.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713400131525Tom Winnifrith Greeks and Romans, (Jan 1983): 65–94.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05123-6_5 III. ABTEILUNG, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 70, no.11 (Jan 1977).https://doi.org/10.1515/byzs.1977.70.1.160James Ross Sweeney Innocent III, Hungary and the Bulgarian Coronation: A Study in Medieval Papal Diplomacy, Church History 42, no.33 (Jul 2009): 320–334.https://doi.org/10.2307/3164389Oscar Halecki The Tradition of Medieval Slavdom: New Interpretations, Traditio 14 (Jul 2016): 401–421.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0362152900010205 Robert Lee Wolff Baldwin of Flanders and Hainaut, First Latin Emperor of Constantinople: His Life, Death, and Resurrection, 1172-1225, Speculum 27, no.33 (Oct 2015): 281–322.https://doi.org/10.2307/2853088