Bulgarian Academy Of Sciences Research Articles

НОВИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ И ДИАЛЕКТОЛОЖКИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК / NEW HISTORICAL AND DIALECTAL STUDIES OF BULGARIAN

The first three papers featured in Issue 4/2021 of Balgarski ezik present results of the work on a project titled Everyday Life in the Middle Ages according to Lexical Data from Bulgarian and Romanian – a bilateral effort between the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Romanian Academy. Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova’s paper Magic and its Faces (the 61st Canon of Trullo in Slavic Translations) proposes an analysis of several representatives of the lexical-semantic group of performers of magical practices according to three translations of the canon. The author discusses the word-formation structure of the lexical group as well as the semantic adaptation of Greek names for unknown realia. The text of the 61st Canon of Trullo is published as an appendix. Elka Mircheva provides a discussion on the topic of Bad Thoughts are Worse than Illness (to the Analysis of Medieval Texts) by analysing examples of illness in Pope Gregory the Great’s Dialogues which have been interpreted by earlier studies as cases of psychological conditions. The author’s analysis points to the fact that some of these occurrences are evidence of the influence of bad thoughts resulting in unacceptable reprehen-sible behaviour. Vanya Micheva’s paper Names for Living Places in the Bulgarian Language Picture of the World in the Middle Ages deals with the linguistic and semantic realisations of the concept of living places in the Old Bulgarian classical and original works from the 9th – 11th centuries and in the works of Patriarch Euthymius. The author traces the process of enrichment of the names for living places and the changes in the conceptual content of the studied lexemes. Tatyana Braga’s paper A Little-known Damaskin from the Karlovo-Adzhar School of Calligraphy and Art: Odessa Damascus № 36 (62) – Palaeography, Codicology, Dating offers a meticulous palaeographic and codicological description of a Bulgarian written monument, the Odessa Damaskin № 36 (62) from the manuscript collection of V.I. Grigorovich. Nadka Nikolova’s paper Общ язик с виражение народно. The Language Norms in the Translation of A. Granitski’s За Тръговско писмописанїе (On Commercial Letter Writing), 1858 presents the results of a study on Anastas Granitski’s contribution to the establishment of the structural basis and spelling and language norms of the Bulgarian literary language of the Revival period. On the basis of her observations on adjectives, numerals, pronouns and verbs, the author comes to the conclusion that the text reveals significant convergence of written and spoken language. Maria Mitskova addresses some Issues in the Verb Morphology of Bulgarian Dialects in the Studies of Three European Slavicists from the First Half of the 19th Century – Vuk Karadžić, Victor Grigorovich, Stefan Verković. The paper emphasises the contribution of the first Slavicists whose work marks the origination of the scientific interest in one of the most characteristic features of Bulgarian verbs. Elena Kanevska-Nikolova and Simeon Marinov present a study on the Names for Women’s Outerwear in the Rhodope Folk Clothing based on ma-terial excerpted from various ethnographic, regional historical and dialectological studies. The authors examine ambiguous and synonymous terms, main word-formation patterns, as well as the etymology of some of the names under study. They go on to analyse the terminological unity of many names for women’s outerwear characteristic of both confessional groups to which the Bulgarian population in the Rhodopes belong. Georgi Mitrinov’s paper Is there a Pomak Dialect in Bulgaria? is a critical look at a study by Emel Balakchi dealing with the Bulgarian Rhodope dialects. The author addresses Balakchi’s attempt at presenting the Rhodope dialects as Pomak dialects, while ignoring the presence of a native Bulgarian Christian population in the Rhodopes. Using numerous examples, Georgi Mitrinov reveals the study’s lack of scientific competence and objectivity in presenting the characteristic features of the Bulgarian Rhodope dialects. The issue concludes with a paper that remains outside its thematic scope. Stative Predicates in Contemporary Linguistic Theories by Svetlozara Leseva, Hristina Kukova and Ivelina Stoyanova offers a critical overview of the thematic classes of stative verbs based on a contrastive study of several thematic classifications. The authors analyse the different views of the properties of stative predicates from an aspectual and semantic perspective.

Inventor and Innovative Work at the Space Research and Technology Institute – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The current article attempts to present the created inventions at the Space Research and Technology Institute – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences during the last 40 years. In view of this long period of time, there exist patents and awards that were omitted from mentioning. The current paper elaborates on the different types of patent and utility model documents that were issued from Bulgarian Patent Office and other foreign patent offices where Space Research and Technology Institute – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences has registered their inventions. A list of recent awards from local and international forums for inventors has been shown. Mentioned were some of the prominent inventors who worked at the Institute. Finally, the article concludes the need for development of specialized information system to store the patent documents of the Institute and to deliver to the public comfortable means of thorough, detailed and quick inquiries.

Cities in the Balkans: Spaces, Faces, Memories. Ed. Roumiana Il. Preshlenova. Sofia: Institute of Balkan Studies with Centre of Thracology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2021. 358 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Maps. Paper.

Cities in the Balkans: Spaces, Faces, Memories. Ed. Roumiana Il. Preshlenova. Sofia: Institute of Balkan Studies with Centre of Thracology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2021. 358 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Illustrations. Photographs. Tables. Maps. Paper. - Volume 81 Issue 3

Longin’s icon from Sofia

The paper discusses an icon of the enthroned Mother of God with Christ, St. Nicholas, and St. John the Baptist in the National Archaeological Institute with Museum - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NAIM - BAS) in Sofia. The icon was previously dated to the fifteenth-sixteenth or fourteenth century. We propose its attribution to Longin, a renowned Serbian painter from the second half of the sixteenth century. This attribution is explained by the striking similarities of the stylistic characteristics and most iconographic elements of the Sofia icon with those of the painter?s signed works. The icon must have made its way to Sofia from the southern parts of Kosovo and Metohija, where it was probably created.

Systems for Secondary Electric Power Supply of the Instruments "Zora" and "Neurolab-B" – Space Medicine

The "Zora" and "Neurolab-B" instruments solved problems related to the study, control and prediction of astronaut health. The "Zora" instrument is a computer system for collecting and processing data from complex neurophysiological experiments: "Statokinetiks"; "Labyrinth"; "Potential"; "Leisure Time"; "Questionary", etc. The system for complex research of the psychophysiological state of astronauts "Neurolab-B" is used for scientific experiments with the help of a number of international crews. Engineering solutions are proposed according to the investigated specificity of the powered devices. Both systems have been operating on board the Mir space station – "Neurolab-B" from 1996 to 2000. New space medicine instruments used on the Russian sector of the international space station are considered. Since 2000, four new secondary power systems for space instruments have been developed at the Institute of Space Research and Technology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. They are applicable in both space physics and space medicine.

“The Source of Life” in Bishop’s Basilica Of Philippopolis in the Context of Steam

The main task considered in this material is related to the restoration of the mosaic “Source of Life” in the Bishop’s Basilica of Philippopolis. Ideas for creation and use of computer models of the geometric scheme and of separate figures in the considered mosaic are presented. Technologies such as 360-degree photography, 3D printing, specialized software for creating computer models, etc. are shared to provide conditions for research work. STEAM training, especially in the context of STEAM centers and innovative schools, creates good opportunities for the widespread deployment of such resources. Most of the described educational resources are provided with free access in the Virtual Mathematics Laboratory, developed at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Proceedings of the International Workshop Shapes and Dynamics of Atomic Nuclei: Contemporary Aspects (SDANCA-21), 16-18 September 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria

This volume contains articles based on presentations given at the International Workshop "Shapes and Dynamics of Atomic Nuclei: Contemporary Aspects" (SDANCA-21) held in Sofia Tech Park, Sofia, Bulgaria from the 16-th to the 18-th of September 2021. The Workshop was organized by researchers from the Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) in Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) with the financial support of the Bulgarian National Science Fund under contracts No. KP-06-N48/1, KP-06-N28/6 and KP-06-RILA/6. It appears as the fourth issue of the workshops {SDANCA-15}, {SDANCA-17} and {SDANCA-19} held in Sofia in 2015, 2017 and 2019, respectively...

Икономическата специализация – фактор за международната конкурентоспособност на България

The dynamics of trade flows has a strong impact on the development of Bulgaria's economic specialisation and is an important condition for strengthening its competitive position. Changes in international business, conditioned by the development of global value chains, define a new structure of industries and of export and import potential, and this leads to the conclusion of regional trade agreements that challenge national competitiveness. It is the great importance of these problems for the future foreign economic relations of our country and the ways of finding solutions that provoked the research interest of the authors of the recently published book "Bulgaria in International Economic Specialization" (see Panushev, Hristova-Balkanska, Hubenova-Delisivkova, Marinov, Stefanova, 2021). Carried out within the framework of the research programme of the Institute of Economic Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the study presents the changes in theoretical concepts and models of international specialisation, Bulgaria's place in the structure of trade flows and approaches to assessing economic specialisation. The authors focus on regional economic structures and internationally defined patterns of specialization, which are the basis for national and firm strategy and policy building. The book explores the conceptual approaches of classical and contemporary theories of international trade and their interpretation in assessing changes in the world economy. It analyses the changes in Bulgaria's international specialisation, influenced by our inclusion in the common framework of the single European market, which intensifies competition between EU member states and leads to a restructuring of firms' activities. This also determines the changes in both intra-industry trade and trade with third countries. The authors point out that international specialisation based on international technological differences will create modern competitive advantages for Bulgaria and contribute to its inclusion in global value chains. The challenge for Bulgarian firms is partnership with European companies and "the distribution of productivity gains depending on and resulting from technological progress in Bulgarian production".

University versus the Academy

The article focuses on a conceptual difference between the institutes of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Bulgarian Universities. University lecturers must be internationally recognizable with their research results and constantly master modern teaching methods and technologies. Scientists in the academy make efforts to follow the scientific tendencies, but have virtually no opportunity to go beyond academic forums and to socialize their scientific results. In the example of research and teaching of Ethnology, the lack of opportunity for young scientists from the academy to be prepared for teaching at different university degrees isconsidered. The positive and negative aspects of the Erasmus academic exchange program (as an opportunity for getting some fractional lecturing experience) is discussed in the terms of teaching experience. We also present the first and only project, held few years ago in Bulgaria, aiming to prepare young scientists from the Academy to teach Ethnology at a university.

Ролята на интерактивния бинарен урок в обучението по български език като чужд

The conducting of an experiment on the role of the binary interactive lesson with the participation of a research associate from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) has an extremely important part in the learning process. The lesson is about getting to know the role of the natural products in our health. The main objectives of this interactive binary lesson are: expanding and improving of the grammatical knowledge and development of specialized language skills in Bulgarian of our medical students by including them in innovative formats to increase their communicative competence; introduction of pseudo-communicative tasks with particular speech actions, repetition of phrases and creation of own short dialogues, communicative exercises for building complete and bigger dialogues and narrative texts; utilizing teamwork for creating situational compositions, transformations and psychological testing for measuring the parameters of readiness for working in a team, mutual respect, trust, mutual assistance, responsibility in a multicultural environment. In this manuscript we offer the specifics of an interactive lesson about the role of natural products and health realized with foreign students. We specify the opportunities for language acquisition orally and in writing in accordance with the indicated levels of competence of the European Language Framework. We take into account the possibilities for the application of interactive in parallel with the traditional methods and tools of work, so as to achieve the development of creative thinking in a foreign language for students, as well as the improvement of communicative skills for professional realization.

Conservation and Restoration of Molybdobulls from the Fund of the Archaeological Museum "Veliki Preslav"

Archaeological Museum "Veliki Preslav" has over 110 years of history. It was founded as part of the Archaeological Society "Ticha" on October 26, 1906 and lasted in this form until 1949. Then the museum was provided with a large building next to the church monument "St.St. Cyril and Methodius", not far from the Preslav Palace. In 1981, the museum was moved in a new purpose-built building, where it still welcomes history lovers from around the world. At the permanent exhibition you can see epigraphic monuments that testify to the spread of literature, as well as examples of artistic crafts, showing the rise of the Bulgarian state. The most striking examples of this are the Preslav golden treasure and objects of the Preslav white clay pottery. More than 35,000 objects are stored in the museum funds, 1700 of which are presented in the exposition hall. The most significant Preslav samples have been included in dozens of international exhibitions, in hundreds of scientific publications, film and media productions. Today Veliki Preslav has its own archaeological museum with a magnificent exposition, visited annually by tens of thousands of Bulgarian and foreign tourists. The museum's collections most fully present the phenomenon of the Golden Age and illustrate the place of Simeon's capital as a leading center of Slavic writing, art and art crafts in Southeast Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. More than 570 sphragistic monuments are stored in the museum's fund. For most of them there is accurate information about their location, which makes them full sources for Bulgarian history from IX - XI century. In 1978, a team of archaeologists led by Ivanka Akrabova-Zhandova, exploring the area in the southeastern part of the inner city of Preslav, discovered a building with massive foundations and preserved squares of construction, which plan resembles a pagan temple or shrine. As a result of the excavations, which continued in the following years, more than 500 molybdobulls, 250 lead cores and three molds for their casting have been discovered. These findings testify to the administrative nature of the building, in which not only the correspondence was stored, but it was also sent. Therefore, we are talking about an chancellery that served the local Byzantine strategists. Thanks to the seals found there, we found the names of 17 strategists of Preslav in the period 971-1059. The molybdobulls also present the names of persons who wrote to the local strategist. Almost all social groups in the empire are represented - from the emperor himself to the common spatary. In 2019, 50 lead seals were included in the exhibition "At the Gates of the Royal Court. Treasures of Veliki Preslav", which was opened at the Archaeological Museum in Sofia. In 2020, the project "Conservation and restoration of molybdobulls from the Strategy in Great Preslav" was completed. This project was implemented by the Archaeological Museum "Veliki Preslav" in partnership with National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 100 of the most affected molybdobulls have undergone conservation and restoration. Restoration activities are a necessary step that must be carried out before the digitalization of the sphragistic fund.

Current State of Archiving Archaeological Reports in Bulgaria: still more physical than digital

This article provides an overview of the current state of archaeological archiving in Bulgaria. It briefly outlines the legislation that regulates archaeological fieldwork activities. Although the national legislation regulates the non-destructive and destructive activities equally, differences occur owing to the existence of the 'Archaeological Map of Bulgaria', a national 'sites and monuments' type of archaeological information system. Currently, online storage of brief data and information is possible for different archaeological sites. Its next version will be based on GIS and geographic features that allow storage of raw field survey data. According to the regulations, paper/digital reports of all fieldwork activities are collected yearly and copies of all of them are stored at the 'Scientific Archive' section at the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Although their digitisation is still in the early stages, the good news is that the centralised archaeological workflow regulates their storage in one place, which makes them more easily accessible. The annual publication of the 'Archaeological Discoveries and Excavations' series, with summaries for all fieldwork activities in the year, is also very useful for keeping track of the archaeological work and results.

25 years of Scientific and Educational Cooperation between the Department of Natural Sciences at New Bulgarian University and the Space Research and Technology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The paper presents the results of the scientific and educational cooperation in the field of earth sciences and ecology between the Department of Natural Sciences at New Bulgarian University (NBU) and the Space Research and Technology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS) for the period 1996-2021.

RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF THE CYCLOTRON FACILITY AT INRNE-BAS

The Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is working on the construction of a cyclotron centre. The facility is on a design level. At this stage of the project, an important task is the radiation shielding assessment of the facility. Nowadays, the Monte Carlo transport codes have become the tool of choice for solving this type of problem. In the current paper, the transport code FLUKA is used for the calculations. It is widely applied for shielding design and analysis of accelerators and their components. The distributions of the radiation fields inside and outside the cyclotron bunker are presented in this paper. Both different irradiation scenarios and bunker configurations are considered in the conducted Monte Carlo simulations. These results will be used as a guidance in site planning.

ACHIEVEMENTS IN SPACE EXPLORATIONS OF SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE AT THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

The paper is devoted to the achievements in space explorations of the Space Research and Technology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. There are considered the research activities and shown the projects and perspective directions for work and their applications.

Laser Applications for Estimation of Microbial Activity and Investigation of NIR Skin Autofluorescence

The presented paper demonstrates the ongoing results of the joint research of University of Latvia and Riga Technical University aimed at the development of new laser based optical methods and technologies for fast evaluation of microbial activity in solid media. The second part of the paper represents the results of joint research conducted together with Katya Borisova during our visit to the Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgaria, Sofia).

СЕДМИ ФОРУМ „БЪЛГАРСКА ГРАМАТИКА“ / SEVENTH FORUM ON BULGARIAN GRAMMAR

The 7th Forum on Bulgarian Grammar – symbolically hosted by the St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo and co-organised by the Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences – was held on 22 October 2020 under the heading Innovation Processes in the Grammar of Contemporary Bulgarian. Due to the pandemic, the Forum took place online, with participants and attendees communicating to each other from three principal locations: the Institute for Bulgarian Language, the University of Veliko Tarnovo and the University of Plovdiv. Some participants logged in from their homes. Despite these difficulties, the two sessions were received with great interest and spurred lively discussions. There were 23 talks included in the programme (presented according to the authors’ affiliations): 5 – from the University of Veliko Tarnovo, 5 – from the Institute for Bulgarian Language, 5 – from Sofia University, 4 – from the University of Plovdiv, 1 – from Trakia University, 1 from the South-West University, 1 – from the Institute of Mathematics and Informat-ics at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 – from the Bashkir State Uni-versity at Ufa, Russian Federation. The Forum began with congratulatory addresses by the Deputy Director of the Institute for Bulgarian Language Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hristina Deykova, the President of the University of Veliko Tarnovo Prof. Dr. Hristo Bondzholov and the Head of the Department of Modern Bulgarian of the Fac-ulty of Philology at the University of Veliko Tarnovo Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ma-ria Ilieva. The Forum was dedicated to Prof. Dr. Sc. Ruselina Nitsolova and her immense contribution to Bulgarian grammar as the only Bulgarian author of a grammar on Bulgarian to have been published in Germany in English. Her work was translated by another invited speaker – Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hris-to Stamenov. A leading expert in Bulgarian grammar, Prof. Ruselina Nitsolova was an invited speaker at the Forum where she delivered her talk on Context and Meaning of Grammemes after Grammaticalisation. The talks submitted for publication by the participants in the Forum will be published in the 2021 Supplement of Balgarski ezik.

Reviewer Acknowledgements (Vol. 7, No. 3)

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 3 Abdul-Kahar Adam, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaAndrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAshford Chea, Benedict College, USAIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIza Gigauri, St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University, GeorgiaJason Caudill, King University, USAJulia Stefanova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BulgariaKonstantinos N. Malagas, University of the Aegean, GreeceLucie Andreisová, University of Economics in Prague, CzechMarica Ion Dumitrasco, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaPaduloh Paduloh, Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya University, IndonesiaSandeep Kumar, Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies, Affiliated to GGSIP University Delgi, IndiaZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey

Къде е грешката в решението ми? ─ разговор пред бялата дъска с Олег Мушкаров

The article is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Prof. Oleg Mushkarov – a full professor at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IMI-BAS) and a corresponding member of BAS. Currently, he is the Head of the Analysis, Geometry and Topology Department and Deputy Director of IMI-BAS. His main research interests are in the areas of Complex Analysis, Complex Differential Geometry, and Twistor theory. Another important aspect of Oleg’s professional involvements is his work with mathematically gifted high school students. He himself benefited from the Bulgarian system of identifying mathematical talents at an early age leading to his participation in IMO’1969, Romania. Since then, he has been involved in numerous activities dealing with nurturing and developing young mathematical talents. We present a conversation with him illustrating what his favorite problems are and why. Unlike the traditional situations in which the professor expects the students to come to a solution (possibly with his help), he presents a solution containing mistakes to a well-defined problem and “throw the gauntlet down” for them: Find the mistakes in the solution! We provide a specific example in support of his conviction that such problems are crucial in math education (since everyone, even a professional mathematician, makes errors on an everyday basis). The phases the talk in front of the white board went through were: To feel that something is wrong in his original solution. To discover where the mistake is. Finally, to find a correct solution to the problem. The very process of starting with a wrong idea, becoming aware of the error in reasoning, and finally, succeeding to correct it, which Oleg Mushkarov has kept reproducing when teaching a course on extracurricular math activities to his undergraduate students, reveals his dedication and talents to teaching in addition to his research achievements.

Към изворите на българските думи в „Български етимологичен речник“

The article deals with the origin of the Bulgarian vocabulary according to the multi-volume Bulgarian etymological dictionary, one of the main nationally significant projects of the Institute for Bulgarian Language at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In summary, it presents the different chronological and genetic layers of vocabulary that build the Bulgarian language. The two main layers of vocabulary are emphasized - the original Slavic and the later Balkan layer, which characterize the language as both Slavic and Balkan. The classical (literary) Old Church Slavonic source is pointed out, as well as other older and new foreign sources and the different ways of penetration of the lexical units into the literary and colloquial language and in the Bulgarian dialects are revealed.