The article discusses the issues of effective use of irrigated lands in Bukhara region and ways to improve them during the period of modernization of agricultural production. There have been studied the structure of irrigated lands, the problems of the influence of natural factors on the quality of land resources. The reclamation state of irrigated lands was analyzed according to cadastral indicators and the effectiveness of the results of the measures adopted by the programs to improve the reclamation state of the land in 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 in the republic was studied. The role of natural factors on the impact of the effectiveness of the use of irrigated lands in the region is characterized. Recommendations are given to improve the efficiency of irrigated land use.