Conservation Of Built Heritage Research Articles

Eco-Sustainable Methods for Local Conservation of Built Heritage in Sistan’s Castles

Built heritage has an important role in the development of the global tourism industry. Therefore, appropriate conservation methods are required to support cultural identities and the tourism industry. Within the Sistan region of Iran, there are a number of built heritage assets (such as castles) that were constructed in different periods of history. Due to climatic conditions, management issues, and unemployment issues, ineffective conservation measures have been implemented for these types of built heritage assets. Therefore, special conservation methods are required to address different performance issues. This study offers practical solutions for the conservation of Sistan’s castles. An eco-sustainable model is proposed as a method to plan appropriate conservation interventions that consider economical, ecological, and labor-friendly characteristics of sustainability. We demonstrate that this approach to architectural conservation is responsive to local constraints and can be compatible with local requirements.

Impact of Urban Planning Instruments on the Conservation of Built Heritage in Algeria. Case Study:Old City Center of Biskra

Impact of Urban Planning Instruments on the Conservation of Built Heritage in Algeria. Case Study:Old City Center of Biskra

Beyond Good Intentions: The Role of the Building Passport for the Sustainable Conservation of Built Heritage to Behavioural Change

Despite the recognised importance of built heritage for sustainable development, and the multiple tools, recommendations, guidelines, and policies developed in recent years to support decision-making, good sustainable conservation practices often fail to be implemented. Challenges faced by practitioners often relate to external factors, and there is a gap in the understanding of the role of the nature of the designer and the behavioural dimension of the challenges in implementation. This research applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to verify how a building passport for sustainable conservation (BPSC) impacts design students’ intentions and actual design decisions towards built heritage conservation. This research aims to ascertain the role of the BPSC to affect attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions and ultimately change conservation behaviours. The results show that this tool has a positive contribution to reinforce existing attitudinal beliefs. Still, no significant changes were found in the overall conservation behaviours, suggesting that beliefs hindering implementation may more often be related to aesthetic reasons, creativity and innovation, and program requirements, than with beliefs regarding the sustainable performance of the building. This study demonstrates that using the TPB to analyse design processes in the context of built heritage is an innovative methodological approach that contributes to a deeper understanding of the psychological factors affecting sustainability and built heritage conservation decisions.

The effectiveness of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) consolidation treatment on lime-based mortars weathered by freeze-thaw cycles

The present paper investigates the effectiveness of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) as a consolidation treatment for artificially weathered lime-based mortars. Laboratory prepared samples were exposed to repeated freeze-thaw cycles and then subjected to 2.0 M DAP solution via 24 h poultice. The microstructural variations due to freeze-thaw cycles and the effects induced by the subsequent DAP consolidation were assessed with the use of a multi-analytical approach combining optical observations, weight variations, dynamic elastic modulus change and peeling test outcomes. The results indicate that DAP treatment significantly restored the weathered mortars in terms of physical and cohesive properties. The correlation between the weight loss and surface degradation by the peeling test examination was projected. The new properties of weathered and consolidated mortars are critically discussed with an eye on their expected behaviour in the field of Built Heritage conservation. Lastly, as a chief outcome of this study, a novel protocol for the evaluation of surface cohesion through peeling tests combined with image analysis is proposed.

Comparison of unofficial recognition and conservation approaches to informal architectural heritage: cases from Hong Kong, China and Iwate Prefecture, Japan

ABSTRACT “Informal heritage” refers to spaces in cities that have certain heritage value but cannot be officially recognized as urban or architectural heritage sites. The author has observed the recognition and conservation of informal building heritage driven by architectural scholars (professionals) or communities in some Asian cities; this phenomenon provides a suitable perspective from which to observe the connection between Asian conservation, citizen participation, and urbanism. Western heritage research recently emphasizes the empowerment of communities to manage heritage conservation; however, what is the meaningful community participation in the old building’s conservation if adding the professional perspective, especially in the diversified Asian urban context, remains unclear. This study involved participatory observation, interviews, and the analysis of relevant literature for comparison of the recognition and conservation approaches of two typical “informal heritage” cases in Hong Kong (China) and Iwate Prefecture (Japan). This paper discusses the interaction modes among historians, related professionals, and communities and the “heritage process” in these two urban contexts. Additionally, an argument is made that these two cases are consistent with a Western heritage conservation theory, which encourages community empowerment; however, in the Asian urban context, a higher degree of community participation does not necessarily indicate more meaningful participation.

Design Study on the Conservation and Reuse of Modern Industrial Building Heritage

As an important part of the world cultural heritage, industrial architectural heritage is an important witness to the achievements of the development process of human industrialized civilization. With the national industrial structure adjustment and urbanization, many typical industrial factories in China are facing the problem of land replacement, among which, the modern industrial architectural heritage is facing the corresponding problem of conservation and reuse. People’s demand for material and cultural life is increasing, and they are more concerned about the protection of urban heritage and memory, which actively promotes the protection of industrial architectural heritage and also puts forward higher requirements for the utilization of industrial architectural heritage. The research in the field of industrial heritage in China started late compared to that in Europe and the United States, and usually, architects dominate the design of industrial heritage reuse more than heritage conservators. This paper addresses the problems in the process of conservation and reuse of industrial architectural heritage, and carries out research work from the perspective of heritage conservation and reuse design. It analyzes the current situation of industrial building heritage reuse design in China and conducts research on the problems existing in the process of industrial building reuse design. It also discusses the bottom line and criteria for the conservation and reuse of industrial building heritage, and discusses the design strategies for the conservation and reuse of modern industrial building heritage according to the industrial building research results in categories.

Selection of Core Indicators for the Sustainable Conservation of Built Heritage

ABSTRACT This paper presents and discusses the selection of a set of core indicators for the sustainable conservation of built heritage. This core set of indicators was selected by following a two-step methodology: 1) first, a comparative analysis of indicators of two building sustainability assessment (BSA) tools with different approaches was performed by using content analysis to identify common priorities; 2) second, a selection of the indicators according to scale, stage of the life cycle, and coverage of core aspects for sustainable development, following the criteria established by the International Organization for Standardization. The results show that even if current methodologies have different structures, terminology, and priorities, they share common principles that promote a more sustainable built environment. However, by being mostly oriented to the intervention and operation phases, these methods do not have direct application as an assessment framework for the sustainable conservation of the built heritage. To overcome this situation, this research presents a concise set of indicators that can support the development of an assessment tool to ensure the sustainable conservation of existing buildings.

Cultural Consumption and Citizen Engagement—Strategies for Built Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development. A Case Study of Indore City, India

Cultural heritage is an invaluable asset of any city, region, or community and is an important component in the sustainable development of societies and economies. However, the role of cultural heritage has been understudied in terms of its social embeddedness and impact on social cohesion. This has led to a demand for more insights on how cultural heritage is conserved globally and more significantly via the role of societal stakeholders. Inclusive strategies allow diverse sections of a community to engage and enrich not only the anthropological interpretations of society but also support social stability and foster positive social change. This paper exemplifies how an inclusive approach was used to engage citizen engagement for the sustainable development of the built heritage in the city of Indore in central India. Best practices are presented through secondary data through various print and online sources relevant to the context. Open coding of secondary data has helped to identify strategic approaches and relationships that emerge as crucial to citizen engagement as presented in this study. The paper discusses strategies that, based on diversity and inclusivity, contribute to the enrichment of community knowledge, increased synergistic participation, and the enhancement of the sense of collective responsibility in cultural consumption.

Influence of application method and number of applications of nanolime on the effectiveness of the Doulting limestone treatments

Over the last two decades, nanolime has been recognized as a promising consolidation approach to consolidate historic calcareous substrates due to its compatibility, durability and fast carbonation. The effectiveness of nanolime products has been widely proven for superficial consolidation treatments, especially in historic wall-paintings. However, its consolidation mechanism in highly porous substrates, such as in the case of limestones or lime mortars, still needs to be fully understood. This paper aims to study the influence of application method and number of applications on the effectiveness of nanolime treatments, which has never been targeted until now. In this experimental work, the Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles were freshly synthetized by anion exchange resins and applied in historic Doulting limestone samples, extracted from a capital from the Cathedral of Wells (Somerset, UK). In order to study the influence of application method on the effectiveness of treatments, samples were treated by: (1) brush; (2) spray; and (3) capillary absorption. Additionally, to study the influence of the number of applications on the consolidation effectiveness, these three application methods were applied by: (1) 1 application; (2) 5 applications; (3) 10 applications. The consolidation effectiveness of the resulting nanolime treatments was studied by assessing changes in porosity, superficial and internal stone’s density, superficial cohesion, water absorption by capillarity and aesthetic properties. Results showed that repeated applications (i.e. 10 applications) of a low concentrated nanolime (i.e. 5 g/L) by spray and brush can increase the superficial cohesion, mechanical properties and density of the stone at the surface. Additionally, results suggest that the application method does not significantly affect the consolidation effectiveness of nanolime treatment, contrary to what was commonly believed. Results also show that a single application treatment of low concentrated nanolime (i.e. 5 g/L) does not significantly provide noticeable consolidation effectiveness regardless of the application method, also contrary to what was commonly believed. These results suggest that for a noticeable consolidation treatment with low concentrated nanolime the application must consist of several applications (> 10). This could have a high impact on the Built Heritage conservation community that commonly use nanolime in conservation activities.

Evaluating the Impact of Informal Institutional Arrangements on the Transfer of Development Rights for Built Heritage Conservation in Dense Cities

Transfer of development rights (TDRs) is an attractive method in theory, contributing to a city’s conservation effort while balancing the need for sustainable urban development. Operationally, the implementation of TDRs is complex and problematic due to conflicting interests of stakeholders under the influence of different institutional arrangements. This study aims to show from a theoretical perspective how TDR cases for built heritage conservation are evaluated to examine the impact of TDR institutional arrangements, and then propose strategies to improve the institutional system. Through a review of established theories, an evaluation framework with a set of criteria and associated sub-criteria related to the outcomes of institutional arrangements was established for detailed impact analysis, which has been supported with feedback from semi-structured interviews with experts and interested groups. The outcome includes conflicts associated with Ostrom’s (2005) evaluative criteria for economic efficiency problems, social inequity, inadaptability and non-resilience with existing planning systems, unclear accountability, and undesirable “conformance with general morality”. The results of this case study reveal the gaps between the theory and practice of TDR implementations, particularly the conflicts with government planning systems and threats to public interests. Based on the results of this study, strategies have been provided that improve institutional arrangement for TDRs and highlight the specific measures needed to minimise the bilateral challenge between private development interests and public conservation goals.

Going beyond Good Intentions for the Sustainable Conservation of Built Heritage: A Systematic Literature Review

This research addresses the performance gap between intentions towards a sustainable conservation of built heritage and its actual implementation. Socio-psychological models of human behaviour, such as the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), have been studying this dissonance between intention and behaviour, and allow to recognise latent critical factors. This paper provides a systematic literature review of research publications on the intersection of the topics of human behaviour, heritage, and sustainability. It aims to analyse how the TPB has been used in the field of sustainable conservation of built heritage. The studies are categorised according to the type of heritage, main actors targeted, aims, and methodology. A total of 140 publications were analysed. The results show a recent field of research. In the domain of built heritage conservation, behaviour is commonly addressed as a synonym of performance, targeting the building itself. Most publications relating socio-psychological constructs of behaviour and heritage sustainability can be found in the tourism and hospitality field, focusing on tourists’ and residents’ behaviours. The review shows that practitioners are still absent from the literature. However, research addressing other stakeholders shows that the theoretical framework can play an important role in the implementation of sustainable conservation practices in the built heritage.

KNOWLEDGE MODELING FOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION PROCESS: FROM SURVEY TO HBIM IMPLEMENTATION

Abstract. This paper aims to develop a strategy for architectural knowledge modeling in order to actively support the built heritage conservation process by fostering collaboration among stakeholders and interoperability between datasets. The integration of two modeling systems, one ontology-based and one in BIM environment, seems to be the right way to meet this objective: the former is rather exhaustive to represent the semantic contents of conservation activities, especially non-geometrical data, the latter is absolutely suitable to represent the logic of the construction, above all geometrical-constructive aspects typical of any architectural organism. Thus, this study proposes a side-by-side approach to synchronize these different ways of representing reality by managing the complexity of cultural heritage on the one hand and of technology tools, such as information systems, on the other. The proposed methodology was tested on the city walls of San Ginesio (Macerata, Italy) and included different steps considering the in-use technologies (notably geomatics and information technologies) as key enablers to acquire, hierarchically order, model and enrich the knowledge of that heritage site. The result is a knowledge-led strategy moving from survey to HBIM implementation, as a way to enhance representation and management in architectural heritage processes.

The attitudes of residents on the conservation of built-heritage of a historic temple town – Kanchipuram, India

Purpose The degradation of a town’s traditional architectural settings is a prominent issue in the historic towns that possess a rich heritage and legacies of architectural character in its urban fabric that have developed over the course of its evolution. Resident participation in built-heritage conservation can be explained in terms of deliberate acts. Thus, this study aims to analyse the attitudes of residents on the conservation of built heritage (ARCBH) in the historic town of Kanchipuram. Design/methodology/approach The historic temple town of Kanchipuram has been surveyed and focused in this study. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the ARCBH in Kanchipuram. Data were collected and analysed with the help of structural equation modelling and AMOS software. A structural equation model was developed, and hypotheses were framed for an empirical study. Findings The findings indicate that the ARCBH has an effective relationship with practical issues that occur in traditional architecture, built-heritage attachment and an awareness of existing heritage schemes. Social implications The study results indicate that considering resident attitude and attachment is important. In addition, the results provide useful insights for formulating practical measures relevant to built-heritage conservation. Originality/value There has been no attempt to come up with practical implications from the attitudes of residents on the conservation of built-heritage in the historic temple towns of Tamil Nadu, India.

Priceless or Bankrupt: Problems and Prospects from a Built Heritage Conservation Perceptive

Heritage conservation today is recognised one of the oldest philosophies in the field of built environment aimed at creating a sustainable management system for historic buildings, sites and monuments. At the root of its theory, policies and practices lies the belief that cultural built heritage is a priceless asset. Unfortunately, some argue it is a bankrupt metaphor. The concept of pricelessness has failed persistently to protect places with important historical and cultural values from being demolished by way of neglect. Built assets may frequently receive appropriate listing or other statutory protection until such time as a conflict arises with what are considered the more mainstream values of capitalist societies, generating a tension often relieved, by the desecration and loss of the heritage asset. From this perspective, this paper explores the term priceless in relation to (i) its influence on heritage conservation and changing built environment (ii) how the concept can be employed more synergistically with the behemoth of economic development to achieve a more positive outcome for the community. A critical review of the literature and an empirical analysis of data collected from focus group studies conducted in Australia and Tanzania. It was found that heritage sector stands to lose far more without a paradigm shift that generates a balance between justifying new development at the expense of priceless, irreplaceable built heritage. The paper suggests that heritage practitioners need to more effective methods for assessing the values of cultural built heritage. The originality in this paper is its new perspective on pricelessness in light of understanding the impacts on sustainability in built heritage conservation.

Sustainable Urban Renewal and Built Heritage Conservation in a Global Real Estate Revolution

A global real estate revolution has been transforming the urban landscape everywhere. Development and redevelopment projects have mixed with, if not become an integral part of, real estate construction. At the same time, there is a drive to commodification in this revolution, as shown by a growing trend to conserve built heritage in new development projects characterised by the rise of museums. This paper reviews some examples of attempts in various parts of the world to combine real estate development and conservation and applies the fourth Coase theorem to explore how built heritage conservation and urban renewal in Hong Kong, hitherto problematic in terms of their invasion of private property, can become a win-win outcome in the context of this global real estate revolution.

Stefano Francesco Musso, Challenges, competences, professions for the built heritage conservation in the contemporary world

Starting from two famous sentences about the relationships between ruins and history and about the meaning of tradition, the article deals with many facets that conservation has in the contemporary world. Through an initial provocative example of recent re-production of a monument, some of the new challenges in – and for – conservation emerge in relation with the consolidate goals of the discipline of restoration. New problems, issues and contradictions are now on the fore in cultural heritage safeguarding, management and enhancement, but also some new possibilities for education and professional activity characterize the field.

Modern Built Heritage Conservation Policies: How to Keep Authenticity and Emotion in the Age of Digital Culture

The Modern Movement has demonstrated its long-term legitimacy as a lasting concept endowed with longevity. Relating technology, spatial form and social commitment to one another, through an optimistic faith in progress, modern architects sought to attain new heights of functionality and flexibility in use. The current challenge is to find ways to deal with the conservation of this recent legacy in the continuously changing context of current times, including physical, economic, functional, and fast-moving socio-cultural and political values. To address these questions, ‘Modern built heritage conservation policies’ explores the restoration and renovation processes undertaken in some paradigmatic case studies: the Tugendhat House (Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich, Brno, Czech Republic, 1929–1930), the Crown Hall (Mies van der Rohe, Chicago, USA, 1950–1956), the National Museum of Western Art (Le Corbusier, Tokyo, Japan, 1959) and the Gulbenkian Foundation (Alberto Pessoa, Pedro Cid e Ruy d’Athouguia, Lisbon, Portugal, 1959–1969).

Do really the Audience's Views Efficiently Boost Built Heritage Conservation Policies?

The role of the audience in re-manufacturing built heritage sites and formulating their conservation policies has often been outlawed by the full control of the site authority through its singularity in formulating these policies. Excluding the locals from efficient participation in setting up these policies is usually attributed by the authority to the vague role that they would precisely play. However, the rich body of ICOMOS Charters and UNESCO Conventions has frequently considered the locals as “real custodians” of these sites, legitimising their participation in drawing up heritage conservation policies. This is due to the diverse cultural potential that can be made by them for the conservation policies of these sites. This paper investigates the precise role that the audience can demonstrate within re-manufacturing heritage and constructing its futuristic policies. It is indicated that the audience‟s views possess different motives culturally, historically and touristically that enable them to efficiently participate in re-manufacturing the architectural heritage of their traditional environments. Therefore, the public‟s deep experience towards their heritage issues can revive the site with some practical ideas stemming from its reality.

DIGITAL WORKFLOW FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BAHRAIN BUILT HERITAGE: THE SHEIK ISA BIN ALI HOUSE

Abstract. Currently, the commercial market offers several tools for digital documentation of historic sites and buildings. Photogrammetry and laser scanning play a fundamental role in the acquisition of metric information, which is then processed to generate reliable records particularly useful also in the built heritage conservation field. Although potentially very fast and accurate, such techniques require expert operators to produce reliable results, especially in the case of complex and large sites. The aim of this paper is to present the digital workflow developed for data acquisition and processing of the Shaikh Isa Bin Ali house in Muharraq, Bahrain. This historic structure is an outstanding example of Bahrain architecture as well as tangible memory of the country history, with strong connotations in the Bahrain cultural identity. The building has been documented employing several digital techniques, including: aerial (drone) and terrestrial photogrammetry, rectifying photography, total station and laser scanning. The documentation project has been developed for the Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities (BACA) by a multidisciplinary team of experts from Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS, Carleton University, Canada) and Gicarus Lab (Politecnico di Milano, Italy).

Built urban heritage conservation in Islamic societies: Study case in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

This paper aims to find the concept of the built heritage related to Islamic societies with a case study in the city of Banda Aceh through study literature review, with the context of the planning in the era of uncertainty. In this paper will be elaborated and described what it was about heritage and urban heritage and conservation Islamic values in heritage, as well as explain the concept of the built heritage conservation in Islamic societies. Discussion and analysis will be done through its study literature. Literature reviews about built urban heritage conservation and perspective of the Islamic societies in Banda aceh was done using systematic methodology literature review. This methodology summarizes research results earlier that presents the fact that a more comprehensive and balanced. The synthesis of the results conducted using narrative techniques or technique of qualitative. The discovery paper in this paper is to understand the relationship the built heritage conservation of Islamic societies perspective that consider shari’a aspect and local tradition in built urban heritage that can affect to heritage planning.