Buildings In Coastal Areas Research Articles

Adaptation Optimization of Residential Buildings under Hurricane Threat Considering Climate Change in a Lifecycle Context

Due to urbanization, the number of residential buildings in coastal areas has increased significantly. Additionally, due to the increase in sea surface temperature associated with climate change, the intensity and frequency of hurricanes has also increased substantially. This paper presents a systematic framework for the optimal adaptation of residential buildings at a large scale under various scenarios of impending climate change during a long-term interval. Different adaptation strategies are investigated to ensure adequate structural performance and to mitigate the damage loss and adverse consequences to society. A genetic algorithm–based optimization process is adopted to determine the optimal adaptation types associated with buildings within an investigated region. The framework considers the probabilistic occurrence models of hurricanes, structural vulnerability of typical residential buildings, possible climate change scenarios, and optimization of various climate adaptation strategies in a lifecycle context. The proposed approach is illustrated on residential buildings located in Miami-Dade County, Florida.

软岩嵌岩桩承载力的计算与试验对比分析

在福建沿海地区许多重要建筑物都是以软岩作为其桩基持力层，本文依托某高层建筑的工程情况，对该工程中具有代表性的6根软岩嵌岩桩，按照JGJ94-2008《建筑桩基技术规范》、GB5007-2011《建筑地基基础设计规范》来计算其单桩竖向承载力，并进行了现场荷载试验，对计算和试验结果进行对比分析，得出了有意义的结论，为同类工程提供参考。 Many important buildings in coastal areas of Fujian are soft rock as its pile foundation bearing layer. Based on engineering geological conditions of a tall building, for six typical rock-socketed piles in soft rock area, according to Technical Code for Building Pile Foundation (JGJ94-2008) and Design Code for Building Foundation (GB5007-2011), this paper calculates vertical bearing capacity of single pile, and the load tests are carried out. The calculation and test results are compared and analyzed, and some useful conclusions are drawn. These conclusions will provide references for similar projects.

Classification of damage to the structures of buildings in towns in coastal areas

Abstract Damage to the structure of buildings near the coast is often caused by the marine environment. This paper describes a study carried out on the state of the structures of buildings in towns near the coast in Valencia (Spain). The findings were based on inspections carried out on all the buildings in 14 towns considered representative of those in the area. A total of 1816 buildings were inspected, and the typical damage found in structures exposed to a marine environment was identified. The percentage of affected buildings was found to be quite high, in some cases over 40% of the total number in the town. Damage was classified into four levels of severity, and a significant percentage of structures were found to be gravely affected, requiring immediate repairs. Based on the experience acquired in these inspections, this paper proposes a tool that would allow the general state of buildings in coastal areas to be assessed by what is called a Global Damage Index. This tool can classify towns according to the predictable presence and level of structural damage to its buildings, and provides a preliminary assessment together with criteria for the measures to be taken, including access to finance from public bodies to cover the repairs, maintenance and protection of buildings.

Determining corrosion levels in the reinforcement rebars of buildings in coastal areas. A case study in the Mediterranean coastline

This paper describes a study of the damage caused by corrosion to the reinforcement rebars of a 40-year old building used as a car park at a distance of 20m from the sea. The corrosion levels of the building’s structural elements, including beams, joists and columns were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy. Carbonation depths and chloride contents (Volhard method) of the concrete cover were measured in situ. EDX was used to analyze the condition of the reinforcement surfaces and the morphology and composition of the oxides. A high degree of corrosion was observed in all the above elements, carbonation had reached the depth of the reinforcement in all the samples studied, and the concrete chloride levels were far in excess of the recommended maximums. The study of the reinforcement rebars revealed different types of oxides of varying morphologies, compaction and coloring according to chloride content. A comparison with previous studies allowed us to verify the presence of crystals of at least akaganeite, lepidocrocite and goethite.

Seepage and heat transfer modeling on beach well infiltration intake system in seawater source heat pump

Seawater heat pump (SWHP) systems are considered as an ideal approach to heat and cool buildings in coastal areas due to its attractive advantages of high efficiency, low carbon emission and using renewable energy instead of electricity for heating and cooling. A great many of SWHP systems have been applied in residential and commercial buildings successfully. In this paper, models describing the coupled seepage and heat transfer process of beach well infiltration intake systems for a SWHP were established and validated by field experiment. In addition, the performance of the beach well infiltration intake system was simulated. And effect of the parameters related to the beach well and the operation of the system on pumping water temperature was explored through a series of simulations. As a result, application of SWHP systems with beach well infiltration intake system in coastal areas in China is feasible due to the favorable geographical conditions and environment.

도시경관을 고려한 해안지역 공동주택의 높이관리제도 개선방안에 관한 연구 - 부산광역시 해안지역 공동주택을 대상으로 -

As apartments have been made into high-rise buildings, the residents in the buildings have become to enjoy the benefits. On the contrary, the users of buildings on the back have become to experience many problems in residential environments. This research studied on measures to improve height control systems focusing on the heights of apartments in order to figure out the impact of apartments on city scenery. This study concluded that, to solve these problems, a general system to control heights should be prepared to solve the problem of visual blocking and for apartment complexes or buildings in coastal areas, regulations for height controls suitable to them should be separately prepared thereby controlling systems related to height controls as a whole instead of those many different systems relating to heights.

Research on Antiseptic and Corrosion-Inhibiting Admixture for Concrete

Concrete buildings in coastal area are dual attacked by chloride and sulfate easily. The erosions make great damage to buildings. This research develops a new type of antiseptic and corrosion-inhibiting admixture for concrete. It is a kind of inner-adding inorganic powder and made up by compaction component, corrosion-inhibiting component and sodium nitrite. The test results show that this admixture has the ability to resistant chloride and sulfate erosion, the admixture also can prolong service life of buildings which are exposed to high concentration of chloride and sulfate.

津波による大規模地形変化とそれに伴う構造物の被災要因の分析

Huge damage of the civil structures caused by Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011 has never been seen before in our latest history in terms of that the tsunami has done tremendous damage to the large area. The strong wave power and flow generated by the run-up of it has destroyed many sea and river embankments and buildings in coastal area. Additionally, they caused a large-scale geographical

Heat transfer analysis and experimental verification of casted heat exchanger in non-icing and icing conditions in winter

Seawater-source heat pump systems (SWHP) are recognized to be outstanding heating, cooling and water heating systems. A large number of SWHP systems have been used in residential and commercial buildings in coastal areas due to the attractive advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendliness. In this paper, two mathematical models that described heat transfer process of casted heat exchanger (CHE) adopted by SWHP systems in the icing and non-icing conditions in winter have been developed and validated by an experimental study. The CHE is consisted of pipes immersed in the seawater and used for transferring heat between the seawater and the heat exchanger pipes of the SWHP. In addition, a computer code has been implemented to simulate the effects of flow rate of the secondary refrigerant, length of the CHE and the temperature of the seawater on the heat transfer performance. The effect of the ice outside the pipe due to the low seawater temperature on heat transfer has been discussed and the comparison of the heat transfer rate in two conditions demonstrates that the effect of icing on heat transfer performance is great. As a result, application of SWHP systems with CHE in coastal areas in China is feasible due to the favorable geographical conditions and environment.

Mechanical Analysis on Reinforced Concrete Beams under Salt Fog Corrosion Test

In the background of buildings in coastal area being corroded by salt fog, this paper studies 12 beams of different intensity and protective layers to simulate the real effect of the corrosion for 20 years. Elaborates the phenomenon of enhancement of the concrete compressive strength and the bearing capacity and cracking load of test beams, and makes an indepth analysis on the mechanism of this phenomenon, at the same time the concept of the additional expansion prestress is introduced; a mathematical model of the additional expansion prestress is establish and the computational model of the cracking load is derived.

Modeling and Experimental Verification of Casted Heat Exchanger in Non-Icing and Icing Conditions in Winter

A large number of seawater-source heat pump systems (SWHP) have been used in residential and commercial buildings in coastal areas due to the attractive advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendliness. To overcome the disadvantages of the open loop SWHP in winter of cold regions, a closed loop SWHP system with casted heat exchanger (CHE) is presented in this paper. The CHE is consisted of pipes immersed in the seawater and used for transferring heat between the seawater and the heat exchanger pipes of the SWHP. In addition, two mathematical models that described heat transfer process of CHE in the icing and non-icing conditions in winter have been developed and validated by an experimental study. The temperature distributions along the CHE were compared between the experimental data and numerical simulation results. The relative error is less than 5%. As a result, application of SWHP systems with CHE in coastal areas in China is feasible due to the favorable geographical conditions and environment.

Loss Analysis for Combined Wind and Surge in Hurricanes

Residential buildings in coastal areas are often at risk to hurricanes, which can result in both wind and surge damage. In the United States, economic losses average approximately $US5.4 billion annually from hurricanes, and more than 75% of declared federal disasters are a result of flooding. Although current design codes do consider load combinations, these are generally for nonenvironmental (natural hazard) loading and focus on dead and live loads; their combination with each environmental load is considered individually. This paper presents correlations between hurricane winds and wind-induced surge from a flood standpoint to estimate the loss to residential construction from combined wind and surge using assembly-based vulnerability. The method presented for estimating loss from combined wind and surge in hurricanes may be used for design code assessment and calibration, retrofit planning for buildings in coastal areas, disaster-planning purposes, and potentially insurance underwriting.

Towards more Manageable Coastal Building; Initial Coastal Building Construction Guidelines

Problem statement: As we may not be aware that the coastal construction is different from inland construction. Building in a coastal environment is different from building in an inland area. In general, buildings in coastal areas must be designed and built to withstand higher loads due to its more extreme conditions. Nowadays, the issue of global warming, uncertainty of global weather and the climate change effect indirectly creating the coastal area with much more expose to extreme condition. Formulate initial guidelines with certain degree of details how coastal construction requirements are different from those for inland construction. Approach: Due to the exposure to higher loads and extreme conditions, these structures in coastal areas will cost more to design, construct, maintain, repair and insure. Proper and right usage of building materials including electrical and mechanical equipments, are crucial in order to minimize damage. Nowadays, the issue of global warming, uncertainty of global weather and the climate change effect indirectly creating the coastal area with much more expose to extreme condition. Feedback has been gathered from the government local engineers who are doing the management of the Government’s local buildings located along the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia. Data findings through research method, discussion with the suppliers and discussion with coastal buildings maintenance crews also has been done. Results: The research finding discus the specific characteristics that makes for successful coastal buildings focusing in tropical region. Conclusion: We must accept on the idea of building in coastal areas will require more maintenance and upkeep. By having proper coastal building guideline may create more positive awareness in constructing better management coastal buildings and can save time and money to maintain the said structures.

The effect of aerodynamic interference on the dynamic response of prismatic structures

The interference and proximity effects on the dynamic response of prismatic bluff bodies are investigated in a series of wind tunnel tests. The results show that the presence of a single, or a pair of upstream prisms of the same size can increase the interaction factor. The effects are more pronounced in a boundary layer flow with a lower level of turbulence, especially near the reduced velocity of 5. The measurements in the wake of the upstream prism suggest that in a boundary layer flow with low turbulence the wake has well-correlated fluctuations that cause adverse load effects on the downstream prism. The strength of these wake fluctuations is dampened by addition of incident turbulence. The study suggests that the mutual interference and proximity effects on the dynamics of tall buildings would be more pronounced for a group of tall buildings in coastal areas exposed to the oceanfront, followed by suburban locations and, to a lesser degree, urban areas.