Building Structure System Research Articles

Analysis on seismic control strategies for structural control device: A comparative study

The paper explores various control strategies proposed by researchers from decades ago in controlling the building structural system. It focuses on hybrid mass dampers used by many researchers in their previous work because the implementation of this device needs an excellent control strategy to provide a better performance in suppressing building vibration. The suitable choice of control strategy in structural control is important in giving the best structure response to withstand an earthquake or strong wind. Based on previous structure and control strategies, a simulation for a two-storey building structure system equipped with a hybrid mass damper at the top building has been conducted. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), Sliding mode controller (SMC) and fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) are used to suppress the building structure vibration during an earthquake by giving input from seismic excitation taken from El Centro earthquake. The simulation result shows that FSMC technique provides better performance compared to FLC and SMC in suppressing the building vibration based on the displacement response and frequency response. This paper concludes with the problems left and recommendations for structural control improvement.

Low Carbon Building Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Energy Management System

The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started, and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect, which hinders the development of lowcarbon building design. Therefore, the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary. The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems. Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission, this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis, and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software. Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of largescale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption. It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects, so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction. On this basis, the evaluation, analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed, combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper. Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example, this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance, economy and carbon emission level. It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures. The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters. It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration, which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data. Compared with the traditional architectural design method, the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules (MJ) per square meter. Based on 29270 megajoules (MJ) per ton of standard coal, the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2, and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal. This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.

Exploration of steel structure modular building technology system based on rapid assembly—take X-house for example

Through modular design and modular assembly technology measures, taking function, space and structural system as structural units; Three-dimensional building information technology is applied in design, manufacturing, on-site assembly and other links. The modular technology system of steel structure for rapid assembly such as modular structural system of building space, beam-column nodes, node design optimization, on-site hoisting and assembling of modular building structural system, modular mechanical and electrical equipment unit design and other applications is comprehensively and systematically discussed. Taking X-house project participating in the Dubai International Solar Energy Competition as an example, the research and practice of residential technical system for rapid assembly are systematically introduced.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CONCRETE FLEXURAL DAMAGE OF A FULL SCALE FIVE STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING WITH WING WALLS

The social demands on the building performance are not only to secure human lives but also to keep the original functions during and after hazards. Engineers have been developing resilient building structural systems and design methods that explicitly quantify damage levels of members, that is, limit states of members. In this study, numerical analysis using a multi-spring model is conducted to predict the damage level of a real scale five-story reinforced concrete building tested in BRI in 2014 so that the obtained information may be used to evaluate the cost of repair after earthquakes.

Effect of Load and Prospect on High-Rise Buildings

With the acceleration of urbanization, high-rise buildings have become the most familiar buildings in the city because of many advantages such as a small footprint and good lighting. However, due to the height of high-rise buildings, they are particularly affected by transverse loads, such as wind load and earthquake load. To have a better understanding of high-rise buildings, this paper discusses the central structural systems of high-rise buildings. And explains the influence of wind load and earthquake load on high-rise buildings. The main structural styles of high-rise buildings include frame structure, shear wall structure, frame-shear wall structure, and tube structure. Frame structure weight of small but large displacement, shear wall structure integrity but less space, frame - shear wall structure is the advantage of the two, and frame tube structure has strong ability to resist lateral but considerable weight. The randomness of wind load leads to unstable vibration of high-rise buildings. The weakest link of high-rise buildings under seismic load appears at the beam-column joints. Future high-rise buildings will pay more attention to humanistic significance while considering safety. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of several primary forms of high-rise buildings at present, and analyzes the influence of wind load and earthquake load on high-rise buildings, which has specific guiding significance for the safety research of high-rise buildings.

Research on subsystem division scheme of overlapping decentralized control strategy

The overlapping decentralized control strategy is a solution to the decentralized control of large-scale systems based on the inclusion principle. Its design process can be summarized as three stages of expansion-decoupling-contraction. In this paper, the subsystem division scheme of the overlapping decentralized control strategy is studied for building structure systems under earthquake. Using the energy-to-peak algorithm, we mainly analyse the influences of the location of the overlapping layer, the number of overlapping layers and the number of subsystems on the control effect of the structural system, and compare them with the traditional energy-to-peak centralized control method. The numerical results indicate that the dynamic response of the structure can be effectively suppressed by raising the location of the overlapping layer, increasing the number of overlapping layers, and increasing the number of subsystems. Compared with the centralized control strategy, the control effect is equivalent, or even better, verifying the feasibility of this research scheme.

Study of permanent residential management in Tondo Village, Palu City

Currently the regional government of Central Sulawesi Province through the Ministry of PUPR has built several permanent residential units (Huntap) for victims of the natural disaster on September 28 2018 that occurred in Palu City, one of which is located in Tondo Village, right behind the Tadulako University Campus. However, based on the results of the initial survey that had been carried out, there were still some things that were not given much attention, such as the provision of housing facilities and infrastructure as well as the shape of houses and their locations that did not respond to the topographic climatic conditions in Palu City. Based on the above premise, regarding the importance of permanent housing arrangement for victims of natural disasters, a problem can be formulated, namely "What is the concept of permanent housing arrangement in Tondo Village with a healthy shelter-based approach?"This study uses a rationalistic approach. The rationalistic approach is an approach that sees truth not solely from empirical conditions but also from argumentation as a part of thinking construction. To collect information and obtain data that is directly related to the research, a direct observation was carried out which included observation at the permanent residential location of Tondo Village which was the object of this study.The design concept carried out in the arrangement of permanent housing in Tondo Village is to formulate the concept of providing housing facilities and infrastructure. In addition to this, the model of residential buildings is also designed to be more attractive, so that it will be different from the appearance of permanent residential buildings that currently exist. The house design is maximized to be able to respond to the climate around a permanent residence, so as to be able to produce designs that guarantee the health of the residents of the house. The structural system used is no different from existing huntap building structural system, namely the simple healthy instant house structure system (RISHA).

Economically Prudent Design (EPC) of Outrigger-Based Structural Systems

As the construction of mega-tall buildings in all major cities around the world accelerates, the seismic risk associated with them also rises. Hence study on the response of tall buildings to earthquake loads is gaining significant importance. Outrigger tall buildings are one of the most common structural structures because they are simple to construct, cost-effective, and have significant lateral stiffness. Therefore, this research explores a structural outrigger system for high-rise buildings to analyze the output of a system by changing the place of outrigger positions. Dynamic research was performed in accordance with IS 1893, the response spectrum and time of California’s most recent earthquakes. The parameters discussed are lateral displacements, inter-storey drifts for static analysis, and base force, displacement, and spectral acceleration for dynamic analysis. From the analyzed results, it was found that an outrigger when located at H0/H=0.6 causes a maximum reduction in the lateral displacement. Hence outrigger located at H0/H=0.6 is the desired location to provide an outrigger in a structural system and could act as an initial economical prudent design solution in the construction of tall buildings with outriggers. Time history analysis shows that the reduction is maximum when the outrigger is located at H0/H=0.9 for LA03, H0/H=0.85 for LA06 H0/H=1.0 for LA14.

An Assessment of the Relation between Architectural and Structural Systems in the Design of Tall Buildings in Turkey

Many professionals from several disciplines need to cooperate in designing and constructing tall buildings since their design and construction require more complex systems and technologies in terms of structure, installation, facade, vertical circulation and fire systems compared to low-rise buildings. The architects who design tall buildings have to know the architectural and structural design considerations of tall buildings and their interrelations well. This study is expected to reveal the status of tall buildings completed in Turkey and help designers understand architectural forms, floor plans, core planning and structural systems of tall buildings. For this purpose, the factors affecting architectural and structural design were examined, and the relation between the architectural–structural system was revealed for tall buildings completed in Turkey. In order to study architectural and structural considerations, 230 constructed tall buildings in Turkey were selected and analyzed in detail. According to the results of the study, it is seen that the prismatic form is widely used as the building tower form in Turkey, the shear-frame system as the structural system, the residential function as the building function, the single symmetrical central core as the building core, and the rectangular plan as the building floor plan alike.

Smartphone based structural health monitoring using deep neural networks

In order to create a low-cost and easy-to-implement structural health monitoring method, this paper uses smartphones to collect data on the movement of a building to determine whether it has suffered any damage. Smartphones have easy handling, sensors embedded, and data processing properties. The smartphone-based structural health monitoring system have many advantage over the classical methods. Recurrent fuzzy neural network of long- and short-term memory is applied to determine the damage of the structure. Comparisons with classical neural networks and fuzzy systems are given to show the proposed deep neural networks have better performances. Finally, several experiments are applied to evaluate the proposed methods for the determination of structural damage. • A smartphone-based building structural health monitoring system is developed. • This system uses fuzzy long and short term memory (LSTM) to deal the data obtained from the smartphone. • This system is implemented in a prototype of structural health monitoring.

Embedded Structural-Durability Health-Monitoring System Integrated With Multisensors and a Wideband Antenna

Real-time durability monitoring systems in large building structures are an essential technology for smart cities. In this study, a smart structural-durability health-monitoring (SDHM) system is designed and demonstrated. The SDHM system consists of embedded multisensing sensors, data processing modules, and a subwavelength wideband antenna operating at 900 MHz. The sensors reversibly examine the degradation factors inside the concrete, possibly offering real-time depth profiles. A subwavelength wideband antenna ensures stable transmission performance regardless of the corrosive concrete conditions with minimal perturbation. Moreover, a user interface was developed for a six-channel real-time SDHM. Therefore, SDHM integrating each component could diagnose the corrosion levels at early stages, which is highly suitable for ubiquitous city infrastructures.

Robust observer for input and state estimation in building structure systems

This paper develops a robust observer for a class of linear systems subject to unknown signals, uncertainties, and disturbance output measurements for building structure systems. The highlight of the proposed observer is that it mitigates the adverse effects present in physical systems as it happens with the structural systems of buildings. The proposed robust observer provides a simultaneous estimation of building displacements and velocities (state vector) and the seismic force acceleration signal (unknown input) from noisy acceleration measurements of the structure. These estimations can help to reduce the displacements of building structure systems with the aid of a vibration controller. The convergence analysis of the proposed robust observer is based on Lyapunov theory, which resulted in a simple set of Linear Matrix Inequalities. An example considering a two-story building-like structure was performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer.

Evaluation of Systems and Technologies Of Underground Pipeline Gallery, Haikou

As the urban areas become denser, the built environment and land resources have limited the scope for further development of the urban areas. Haikou, as one of ten pilot cities to develop underground space, is chosen as the case in this study. Haikou Underground Pipe Gallery is a current underground building structure system that maximizes the utilization rate of land. This study investigates and analyzes the most useful and valuable technologies and systems of the Underground Pipe Gallery by survey and research. The result shows that U-shape construction technology is the most beneficial one and the electrical system is the largest and most widely used one. There are four high-tech applications in the electrical system: load power supply, construction of electrical distribution, power supply cable, and lighting facilities. In addition, a combination of green (sponge project), blue (water control) and gray (underground pipe network) infrastructure is utilized to create an optimal drainage system. It has made good use of the large area of urban green space and rainwater storage facilities.

Structural material demand and associated embodied carbon emissions of the United States building stock: 2020–2100

This study uses material flow analysis to estimate the material stocks and flows and associated upfront embodied carbon emissions for gravity building structural systems in the United States. Seven scenarios that align with the shared-socioeconomic pathways are conceptualized and used to estimate floor space and structural material demands through 2100. These scenarios consider aggressive, moderate, and low adoption rates of timber-based structural materials. Under all scenarios, total floor space is projected to increase to a maximum upper-bound of 202% (162,187 m2) between 2020 and 2100. The results indicate that the associated increase demand for structural materials cannot be met solely by urban mining of decommissioned buildings. Assuming present-day carbon emissions intensities of structural materials, the average upfront embodied carbon intensity for gravity superstructures in the building stock decreases from 49 kg CO2e/m2 in 2020 to 29 kg CO2e/m2 in 2100 under the scenario with aggressive adoption of timber-based systems.

Analysis of Design Points and Development Trend of Prefabricated Building Structure System

Analysis of Design Points and Development Trend of Prefabricated Building Structure System

Proposing Cubic-Grid System as a New Structural System for Tall Buildings

Background: Changes in the skyline of cities all over the world show that tall buildings are an interesting solution to accommodating growth more sustainably in today’s urban areas. Stability against lateral loading is the main issue for designing high-rise buildings. Diagrid systems or grid structures are one of these stable systems. For a long time, the only structural pattern used in this system was the triangular modulus (diagrid). Methods: In the present study, a new pattern for grid structures was introduced, and its performance was compared with the two previous common patterns (triangular and hexagonal). The new pattern is called the Isometric Cube grid, thanks to its particular shape. The design process was performed based on a simple stiffness criterion presented in the previous research. In order to calculate the stiffness of the structure for the new pattern, two types of existing structural nodes were distinguished, and the results were combined to determine the stiffness of the unit forming the entire grid. Results and Conclusion: From the results of analysis, it was found that the optimal angles of diagonal elements were in the range of 50-65 degrees. Although the behavior of the new pattern in terms of shear stiffness was between the two previous patterns (and closer to the hexagonal pattern), the shear stiffness ratio increased from 30° to 65° for cube pattern, while for hexagrid, it decreased over the same range of angles.

Enhancing the seismic performance of building structures equipped with composite braces in mega bracing configuration

SummaryIn this research, a new passive vibration control system for building structures is presented. The proposed system improves the seismic performance of non‐moment steel structures using the ultra‐high‐performance concrete‐filled steel tube (UHPCFT) braces. In this system, pre‐tensioned tendons are considered to equalize the tensile and compressive capacity of the brace members which are installed as large scale concentrically braced frames (CBFs) (i.e., mega bracing frames [MBFs]) in order to minimize the induced forces in the other structural elements (i.e., beams, columns and slabs). To investigate the feasibility of the proposed system, three 8‐, 12‐, and 15‐story structures are considered. Also, buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs) and normal concrete filled steel tube (NCFT) braces are considered for the comparison purposes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated considering the performance point values and fragility assessment results calculated using a near‐field pulse‐like earthquake record set. Comparison of the simulation results demonstrates that, for all the considered earthquake records, the proposed system remarkably attenuates the structural demand value and collapse probability for all the considered structures. Also, it has demonstrated that type of the nonlinear analysis affects the damage mode.

Discussion on Design Points and Development Trend of Prefabricated Building Structure System

Discussion on Design Points and Development Trend of Prefabricated Building Structure System

Ergonomics in the Contemporary Balinese Building: the Integration between Architectural and Structural Aspects

Ergonomic requirements in a building must be reliable. They must meet the safety, health, comfort and convenience requirements specified in the building rules, including the ergonomic safety requirements in a traditional Balinese building. Traditionally, the Balinese utilized their body size to gauge their building's size. However, changes in technology and people's lifestyles have already influenced building techniques. To what extent are ergonomic aspects still used in novel Balinese architecture and building structures? This article examined recent buildings in Bali, integrating architecture, construction, advanced technology and traditional building components. This article analyzed the proper building design and structural system that addresses the ergonomics of the house, the indigenous knowledge of the people, and the advancement of technologies through fieldwork, literature study, interviews and structural analysis using SAP 2000. This study discovered that, traditionally, Balinese people utilized their bodies to determine the scale of their buildings, both in terms of space and structural components. As living standards and technology improved, they have begun to forsake the usage of body parts in measuring buildings. Nowadays, buildings have been designed using meter basis measurement, removing the ability to identify the building's owner using the owner's body as the basic standard for measurement. They also abandoned conventional structural techniques in favor of reinforced concrete systems, especially for non-religious buildings, because reinforced concrete frame structures supported by brick walls are more secure than wooden frame structures. However, the integration during the planning process between architecture and structural design process has still been performed.

Trends and Problems in Designing Architectural Image of Modern Sports and Health Complexes Using the Case of the Moscow Region

Over the past 10 years, the population of Russia has had an increased interest in amateur training. There are many wellness and sports complexes being constructed allowing people to comfortably do sport. This article shows the analysis and identification of characteristic features of volumetric planning solutions and architectural and town-planning design of such complexes. The modern sports and wellness center (SWC) should have versatile and multi-functional planning solutions. Analysis of the objects showed that a modern SWC has a small area of up to 2,000 sq.m. and the number of floors vary from 1 to 3. The complexes are aimed at a wide range of users, at different age groups, in addition to multi-purpose gyms, there are some specialized ones included in the layout: tennis courts, gymnastics, volleyball, swimming pools and skating rinks, as well as additional recreation functions: SPA treatments, baths, nutrition. The structural system of buildings is metal frame one.The volume solution for the complexes varies from simplified to complex forms, facades have various finishing materials and color schemes. The variety of solutions allows to create unique buildings, but at the same time, it makes it difficult to visually identify buildings as sport and wellness centers. The necessity of creating a unified system of visual identities for mass sports facilities was identified.