Scene Building Research Articles

MIMO Antenna Polynomial Weighted Average Design Method of Downward-Looking Array SAR

MIMO antenna polynomial weighted average design method of downward-looking array SAR was proposed from the angle of surveying and mapping in this paper, in order to solve the ill-posed problem that an equivalent virtual array can be implemented by a variety of physical transmitter-receiver arrays for bistatic MIMO linear array. For wave band, resolution, elevation precision, and working height concerned by the applications of surveying and mapping, the length of equivalent virtual array and actual physical array meeting the needs of large scale topographical mapping was solved. Then array numbers and position vectors of MIMO downward-looking array SAR of real aerial mapping platform were optimized. According to this design, some simulation experiments and comparisons were processed. The results proved the rationality and effectiveness of this array configuration by comparing the differences of 3D imaging results and the original simulation scene, counting mean and standard deviation of elevation reconstruction error eliminating the influence of shadow areas, and counting the probability of elevation reconstruction error within half a resolution of the whole scene and individual building area.

Dynamic Generation Method of Virtual Coal Mining Scene Based on 3D Entities Transformation and Combination

In order to present the virtual scene of underground coal mining, a dynamic and data-driven method for the virtual scene generation was proposed and its experimental software was developed. The data model of the software system is classified as two types that are the primary model and the display model. The system structure is designed as four layers from bottom to top, namely storage layer, display layer, combination layer and operation layer. Storage layer, the lowest layer and the data center of the system to store all the primary models, is a database containing some data tables, views, constrains, rules and storage processes. Display layer as the second lower layer is to implement an essential data-driven algorithm to transform the selected primary models into display models through scaling, stretching, rotating or assembly operations. Combination layer focuses on the whole scene building business based on the operation of related display models such as visible setting, connecting, handling the shading and presenting special effects. Operation layer as the top layer is to respond to user’s instructions such as free roaming and screen pickup. Finally, the software is tested in Qinan colliery of China. Results show that the proposed method is practicable and efficient to implement virtual coal mining scene.

Reverse Analysis for Fire Pyrolysis Parameters of Timber Buildings Based on Response Surface Method

The pyrolysis temperature and reaction heat of timber are two important parameters for fire analysis of timber buildings. For existing buildings, these parameters are influenced by many factors so that they are different from those of indoor fire test. How to get relevant parameters through full scale in-situ experiment is very important. This article relies on a full scale in-situ experiment, and combines with uniform design experiment and non-parametric regression technique to create efficient response surface based on FDS fire dynamic simulation. Then, based on response surface, the pyrolysis temperature and the reaction heat in the case of full scale in-situ experiment can be obtained through interpolation. Finally, comparing the results of inverse calculation with full scale in-situ experiment, the results show that this method can reflect the varying of scenes of timber buildings indoor fire accurately, and the results of inverse calculation can be used for numerical simulation of timber buildings fire.

Researching of the Three-Dimensional Virtual Simulation Campus Scene’s Construction Technology

With the development of network technology, many colleges and universities have established a campus net- work to achieve publicity of their campus. According to the current situation, the majority of the universities show their styles just through words and two-dimensional image, which received poor results. To strengthen the propaganda of the school, improve the overall image, improve the enrollment and employment and lay the foundation for wisdom university, this paper is based on real campus and uses virtual technology to build a three-dimensional virtual simulation campus, so that users can understand the school and experience a real sense of immersing in the situation. The article deeply discusses the meaning of the three-dimensional virtual campus, the design process, related technology and scene building process, in order to play a valuable role in constructing large-scale three-dimensional scene.

MODEL-BASED BUILDING DETECTION FROM LOW-COST OPTICAL SENSORS ONBOARD UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

Abstract. The automated and cost-effective building detection in ultra high spatial resolution is of major importance for various engineering and smart city applications. To this end, in this paper, a model-based building detection technique has been developed able to extract and reconstruct buildings from UAV aerial imagery and low-cost imaging sensors. In particular, the developed approach through advanced structure from motion, bundle adjustment and dense image matching computes a DSM and a true orthomosaic from the numerous GoPro images which are characterised by important geometric distortions and fish-eye effect. An unsupervised multi-region, graphcut segmentation and a rule-based classification is responsible for delivering the initial multi-class classification map. The DTM is then calculated based on inpaininting and mathematical morphology process. A data fusion process between the detected building from the DSM/DTM and the classification map feeds a grammar-based building reconstruction and scene building are extracted and reconstructed. Preliminary experimental results appear quite promising with the quantitative evaluation indicating detection rates at object level of 88% regarding the correctness and above 75% regarding the detection completeness.

"Claustrum animae" o la edificación del Alma. Las escenas constructivas del claustro de Santa María de Nieva

This paper aims to examine the building scenes preserved in the cloister of the former Dominican convent of Santa Maria la Real de Nieva in Segovia, founded by Catherine of Lancaster in 1399. These sculptural reliefs had been previously interpreted as mere representations of the Dominican friars, actively involved in the construction of the convent, genre scenes useful for the study of medieval building systems, or even portraits of the friars who inhabited the convent around 1400. Nonetheless, these scenes could have been originally conceived as an instrument for the spiritual edification of the religious community, and most especially, of its novices, in a time when the Order of Preachers was being reformed.

Towards a Theoretical History for Greek Tragedy

Greek tragedy and its theatre have regularly been drawn into modern theoretical formulas about the nature of theatre making, in proposals which have often had their own cause to plead, but which have still been influential on broadly formed views of the theatre in its history. In this essay, Graham Ley argues that much incidental misrepresentation can be found in this kind of writing alongside the occasional remarkable insight, and that the attention given in modern theory to the Greek theatre is generally inadequate. The theorists discussed are Isadora Duncan, Brecht, Boal, and Hans-Thies Lehmann, with examples also taken from performance theory. Ley then goes on to examine what kind of theoretical view of the ancient Greek theatre would be most appropriate today, and offers a vision of it as a dynamic and innovative environment, looking in this second part of the essay at what can be said of early choric tragedy, of the emergence of the actor, and of the innovation of the dramatic scene building. Graham Ley has written essays on various topics over the years for New Theatre Quarterly, but this is his first piece for the journal on his specialist subject, the performance of ancient Greek tragedy.

Application of 3D Virtual Scene Building Technology Based on OSG in Gas Station Training Simulation System

For a gas station training simulation system, the real time and reality of scene directly affect the application of system. In order to solve this problem, we used 3D virtual scene building technology based on OpenSceneGraph (OSG) to build gas station scene. Technology of levels of detail (LOD) was used to improve the real-time ability of the system during entity modeling. And then based on 3D entity model library and information files in Extensible Markup Language (XML), we built the parametric library and set up the gas station scene, which provided function information and attribute information. Experimental results show that the scene of virtual gas station can not only greatly improve the reality and immersion of system, but also well support the real-time simulation. Now, 3D virtual scene building technology based on OSG has applied successfully in gas station training simulation system, which provides feasible evidence for engineering simulation to solve practical problems.

Comparison of Local Visual Feature Detectors and Descriptors for the Registration of 3D Building Scenes

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) as-built geometric models are useful for many building assessment and management tasks. However, the current process of creating such models is labor-intensive. A significant amount of manual work is required to register the remote sensing data captured from multiple scans into one scene (i.e., scene registration). To automate the registration work, several research studies have been developed to automate the registration process by the detection and matching of common visual features in consecutive scans. This paper investigates the effectiveness of different combinations of common visual feature detectors and descriptors that have been widely used in the scene registration of 3D buildings. The evaluation criteria include registration accuracy and speed. The feature detectors and descriptors have been tested in a total of 31 realistic building scenarios. The results show that the combination of the scale-invariant feature transform feature detector and descriptor reached mo...

The Study of Smart Grid Knowledge Visualization Key Technologies

To solve the problems of knowledge visualization for smart grid, such as single manifestations, low-efficient use and not high model reuse rate, a general three-dimensional smart grid knowledge visualization model was presented in this paper. First, the construction method of grid device models based on knowledge-based reasoning was given. Then, the grid visual scene building method was proposed. This included rapid scene organization strategy, and exploration on the storage and re-use mechanism of three-dimensional visualization scene. Moreover, collision detection using swarm intelligence and bionic computing to solve its existing problems. Finally, The feasibility and practicality of the method was verified by a developed intelligent power virtual drill platform based on JME (JMonkeyEngine). DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1.3998

Generalization of buildings within the framework of CityGML

For a better visual impression, 3D information systems and architecture need detailed, photo-realistic visualization of 3D data-sets. However, easy accessibility with efficient rendering becomes difficult due to the detailed data associated with 3D objects. Therefore, different applications demand different levels of detail (LoD). Currently, City Geography Markup Language (CityGML), as the Open Geospatial Consortium standard, is being used to model and represent buildings in different LoDs (LoD0–LoD4), but it does not provide methods to generate different LoDs automatically. Thus, generalized (abstracted) 3D scenes of buildings need to be generated to fulfill the demands of task-specific applications by reducing data volume. This paper discusses various ways to generalize building models, within the framework of CityGML, reducing the level of detail from higher LoD to lower. The LoD4 data is parsed and analyzed. Various heuristics are applied to simplify the ground plan and the results are then aggregated. The minimum length of an edge for simplification is restricted to the CityGML generalization specifications provided and is characterized by differing accuracies and minimal dimensions of objects for LoD1 and LoD2. This could maintain the accuracy of generalized objects and avoid the elimination or merging of important features. Second, the heights of the walls of the simplified ground plans are raised with the aim to construct simplified 3D building models. Algorithms for simplification and aggregation aiming to derive LoD2 and LoD1 are implemented and tested on a number of buildings of Putrajaya, Malaysia. The experiment results show that the minimum length of edges to be simplified is inversely proportional to the size of generalized models.

Automatic Real Time Simulation through Embedding Physical Attributes

An automatic real time physical simulation method is presented through embedding physical attributes into collections of 3D models in Virtual Rapid Scene Building System called VR Scene Studio. In the physical simulation, dynamic equations of the objects with physical attributes are established by Lagrange method. The improved impulse-based paradigm is adopted to gain interactive simulating speed. To improve the performance, optimizing methods are investigated. The real time and physically plausible result can be achieved by the combined the above two methods. The experiment results show that the method is valid and practical.

A research on an intelligent multipurpose fuzzy semantic enhanced 3D virtual reality simulator for complex maritime missions

In this article, the idea of multipurpose fuzzy semantic enhanced 3D virtual reality simulator for the evaluation of maritime robot algorithms, and for the analysis of maritime missions is presented. The simulator uses the digital mockup technology in blending with semantic domain knowledge of the system, to analyze the tasks remotely. The 3D virtual reality (VR) is proposed to help the operators provide the detailed information and guidance during real-time tele-operations, and the incorporation of fuzzy semantic knowledge makes the virtual environment intelligent and automatic. The integration of fuzzy scene independent ontology with the virtual environment (VE) engenders a knowledge driven inter operable virtual environment which eases the user in natural language querying, personalization, interpretations and manipulation. The distinctive semantic VR scene builder utility of the proposed system draws the VR environment automatically while getting the high level specification of the system for the client. The proposed simulator can be effectively used for real-time robots trainings and for the evaluation of AI based algorithms designed for intelligent vessels and AUV's without knowing the complex underlying VR scene building technologies. Furthermore, it provides the benefits to optimize the pre-process physical environment operations to mimic the real world into a virtual environment. The remote operations and feasibility analysis performed on virtual simulator can efficiently save the cost, time and claims to provide the operators a preprocessor information and guide.

The Research for the Environment Renewal of Red Buildings in the Marshal Zhang’ Mansion Memorial

The Red Buildings is going to be incorporated into the Marshal Zhang’ Mansion memorial which exhibits as the State-level key cultural relics protection unit. It will be an important component of the whole exhibition. We based the design on the research of design orientation and function conversion. After studied the history of the buildings and analyzed the differences between the old and the new functions, we made a principle of less change. First, we set two different routes for the visitors and the vehicles in the Red Building. And the visitors’ route was connected whit the tour route of Marshal Zhang’ Mansion memorial closely. Second, we set up one tour axis with four landscape nodes and two landscape axes inside the Red Buildings. They will outstanding original condition and show nice scenes of the whole buildings to visitors.

Research of Technology of Virtual Building and Scene Roaming by Visual Basic

Recently, the computer technology, especially computer graphics, networks, multimedia, three dimensional simulation developments, injected virtual reality technology with new vitality, which also give 3D virtual scene a direction. The article mainly discusses technology of virtual building scenery, application in today's independent virtual building scene’s deficiency, and the integration of 3D virtual reality, locality and perspective advantages.

ギリシア古代都市メッセネにおける劇場のローマ時代舞台建物の復元試案

Ancient Messene, Greece, was founded by Epameinondas in 369 B.C.. Kumamoto University Architectural Mission for Greek classical Architecture has surveyed, since 2007, the architectural remains of the theater including more than a hundred of blocks from walls, columns, etc., in order to reconstruct its form of 2nd century A.D. The authors analyzed each block in detail and tried to reconstruct the scene building which would have been built in 2nd century A.D. and reached the conclusion that the scene building was 12.2 m high and two-storied with rows of Corinthian, Lotus-Acanthus, and Ionic columns on the front.

Water sector in Central Asia: slow transformation and potential for cooperation

Since independence, Central Asian nations are going through political, economical and social changes. The transition also has had long-term impact on water sector, once second largest user of the state funds during the Soviet times. After the independence, growing economic crisis, limited funding capacities of national states have reduced inflow of finances into the water sector. This in turn reduced influence and role of water bureaucrats in nation building scene. The reforms in agriculture and other sectors of economy have seriously changed situation in water sector. Two out of five countries have kept Ministry of Water Resources as separate entity, in one country it merged with agriculture but still have separate department, in two countries water management department is part of Environmental Agency. Although those changes in water sector took place at the national level have far reaching impact on regional level. In the last few years, the issues of water management in Central Asia become a political issue. Role of technocrat-water managers reduced from active agenda setters to observers. This paper highlights importance of the integrated approach to water sector reforms which will enhance efficiency of water resources management hence increased likelihood of the cooperation among the region's countries on water management.

3D Scene interpretation by combining probability theory and logic: The tower of knowledge

We explore a newly proposed system architecture, called tower of knowledge (ToK), in the context of labelling components of building scenes. The ToK architecture allows the incorporation of statistical feature distributions and logic rules concerning the definition of a component, within a probabilistic framework. The maximum likelihood method of label assignment is modified by being multiplied with a function, called utility function, that expresses the information coming from the logic rules programmed to the system. The logic rules are designed to define an object/component by answering the questions “why” and “how”, referring to the actions in which a particular object may be observed to participate and the characteristics it should have in order to be able to participate in these actions. Two sets of measurements are assumed to be available: those made initially for all components routinely, and which supply the initial statistically based inference of possible labels of each component, and those that are made in order to confirm or deny a particular characteristic of the component that would allow it to participate in a specific action. A recursive version of the architecture is also proposed, in which the distributions of the former types of measurement may be learnt in the process, having no training data at all. Multi-view images are used as input to the system, which uses standard techniques to build the 3D models of the buildings. The system is tested on labelling the components of 10 3D models of buildings. The components are identified either manually, or fully automatically. The results are compared with those obtained by expandable Bayesian networks. The recursive version of ToK proves to be able to cope very well even without any training data, where it learns the characteristics of the various components by simply applying the pre-programmed logic rules that connect labels, actions and attributes.

Automatic generation of 3D outdoor and indoor building scenes from a single image

In this paper, a novel approach for creating 3D models of building scenes is presented. The proposed method is fully automated and fast, and accurately reconstructs both outdoor images of a building and indoor scenes, with perspective cues in real-time, using only one image. It combines the extracted line segments to identify the vanishing points of the image, the orientation, the different planes that are depicted in the image and concludes whether the image depicts indoor or outdoor scenes. In addition, the proposed method efficiently eliminates the perspective distortion and produces an accurate 3D model of the scene without any intervention from the user. The main innovation of the method is that it uses only one image for the 3D reconstruction, while other state-of-the-art methods rely on the processing of multiple images. A website and a database of 100 images were created to prove the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of time needed for the 3D reconstruction, its automation and 3D model accuracy and can be used by anyone so as to easily produce user-generated 3D content: http://3d-test.iti.gr:8080/3d-test/3D_recon/

Quantitative archaeoseismological investigation of the Great Theatre of Larissa, Greece

Larissa, the capital of Thessaly, is located in the eastern part of Central Greece, at the southern border of a Late Quarternary graben, the Tyrnavos Basin. Palaeoseismological, morphotectonic, and geophysical investigations as well as historical and instrumental records show evidences for seismic activity in this area. Previous investigations documented the occurrence of several moderate to strong earthquakes during Holocene time on active faults with recurrence intervals of a few thousand years. The historical and instrumental records suggest a period of seismic quiescence during the last 400–500 years. The present archaeoseismological research, based on a multidisciplinary approach is devoted to improve the knowledge on past earthquakes, which occurred in the area. This study focuses on damages observed on the walls of the scene building of the Great Theatre of Larissa. The Theatre was built at the beginning of the third century BC and consists of a semicircular auditorium, an almost circular arena and a main scene building. Archaeological and historical investigations document a partial destruction of the theatre during the second to first century BC. Recent excavations show that the building complex after it was repaired suffered additional structural damages, probably from seismic loading. The damages investigated in detail are displacements, rotations and ruptures of numerous blocks at the walls of the scene building. In order to test the earthquake hypothesis as cause of the damages a simplified seismotectonic model of the Tyrnavos Basin and its surroundings was used with a composite earthquake source model to calculate synthetic seismograms at the Larissa site for various earthquake scenarios. Horizontal to vertical seismic ratio (HVSR) measurements in the theatre and its vicinity were used to estimate local site effects. The synthetic seismograms are then used as input accelerations for a finite element model of the walls, which simulates seismically induced in-plane sliding within the walls. Results show that some of the surrounding faults have the potential to produce seismic ground motion that can induce in-plane sliding of blocks. Model calculations were used to constrain the characteristics of the ground acceleration and infer the causative fault and earthquake by comparing the calculated and observed distribution of the displacements of the blocks. Ground motions with a PGA at the site of 0.62–0.82 g, which could be induced by an M 5.8–6.0 earthquake on the nearby Larissa Fault, would be sufficient to explain the damage.