Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method Research Articles

A-177 Using the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method to maximise the Environmental Social Governance benefits of building a pathology hub laboratory

Abstract Background Organisations focusing on Environmental Social Governance (ESG) factors do not just benefit society and the planet, they also enjoy better performance across key profitability metrics, driven by higher growth and productivity, lower operational costs and enhanced return on investment. SYNLAB’s new Synnovis Pathology Hub, built in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), is a high-tech purpose-built laboratory building with construction completing in Spring 2024. It will serve more than 1.7 million people in the southeast London region delivering both routine and special diagnostics in support of a 15-year NHS pathology contract. The redevelopment of the site presented an opportunity to closely align SYNLAB company strategy with the delivery of its ESG ambitions, as well as achieve financial and operational sustainability. Methods BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) is a standardised framework within which SYNLAB could collaborate with the building landlord and Hub delivery partners. BREEAM assessment categories are: energy, land use and ecology, water, health and wellbeing, pollution, transport, materials, waste and management. Applying the intent of SYNLAB’s ESG strategy to the hub build programme, setting this expectation with stakeholders, and using BREEAM as a platform on which to track and report ESG benefits ensured ESG and related deliverables were high on the agenda to be captured and delivered. Results The hub is on track to achieve the BREEAM Excellent rating which means it will rank within the top 10% of commercial buildings in the UK in terms of ESG benefits. Contributors to this achievement include: Recycling over 85% of materials during construction, saving more than 500 tonnes of materials from going to waste; Incorporation of changing rooms and 56 cycle rack spaces to encourage healthy and sustainable travel, helping to keep London’s air clean and reduce CO2e emissions; An Energy Management System within the Building Management System providing detailed area by area analysis and control. Along with water metering per floor, this helps SYNLAB to understand usage and focus process improvements; An energy efficient air handling system, a key area of opportunity for laboratory energy efficiency; Conformity with EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities, for example by limiting the flow rate of water to prevent wastage; Reuse of materials within the building, for example by relocating seating, private call areas, glass walls; Reuse of materials externally through donations to charitable organisations, for example televisions and fridges were given to a local care home, improving the residents’ quality of life; Working with local schools and wider the community. Conclusions Incorporating BREEAM ESG criteria from the early stages of planning in construction projects provide a higher likelihood of stakeholder buy-in, adoption and delivery. Pathology networks are considered key in delivering the national ambitions set out within the Long-Term Plan for the NHS and there is increased government and social pressure driving healthcare businesses to adopt ESG. There is the opportunity within Pathology networking and Pathology new builds to harness these benefits from the outset and lay the long term foundations for ESG within healthcare for future sustainability.

Innovation Ecosystems and Green Building Techniques for a Sustainable Future: Leveraging Advanced Technologies

The global movement towards environmental stewardship and sustainability largely depends on innovation ecosystems, green building techniques, and sustainable development. This study explores their future potential, focusing on how advanced technologies, eco-friendly materials, and sustainable practices could mitigate climate change and enhance environmental quality. Innovation ecosystems are crucial for advancing green technology, circular economy principles, and sustainable urban design by fostering collaboration among corporations, governments, academic institutions, and civil society. The study also investigates how the effectiveness and impact of these ecosystems can be enhanced through digital transformation technologies such as blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI). Employing green building techniques is essential for reducing a building’s environmental impact throughout its lifecycle. This study highlights recent advancements in green technology, including sophisticated building management systems, energy-efficient HVAC systems, improved insulation materials, and the integration of renewable energy sources. The establishment of sustainability standards and the promotion of environmentally friendly practices rely heavily on certifications like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). The paper addresses the necessity of integrated solutions to balance environmental, social, and economic dimensions for sustainability. It also examines the role of regulations, the promotion of sustainable culture through public awareness and education, and innovative concepts such as net-zero energy buildings and biophilic design. By leveraging these advancements and concepts, we can pave the way for a more environmentally sensitive and sustainable future.

BIM to BREEAM: A workflow for automated daylighting assessment of existing buildings

By conducting an assessment of the existing building stock from the perspective of the Green Building Certification System (GBCS), it is possible to contribute to the improvement of energy utilization and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as promoted through the Renovation Wave strategy by the European Union. These aspirations will simultaneously contribute to enhancing human well-being, indoor environmental quality, and comfort. This paper describes a novel methodology for enhancing the renovation of existing buildings at the design stage using automation within the Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment. By parameterizing the requirements of GBCS using a visual programming tool, real-time insight into the number of achieved certain issue credits in the certification process is enabled. It was also created to enable designers in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector to continuously monitor the development of design and make modifications as early as possible in the design process. Thus, cost overruns in design projects, as well as later renovations and building maintenance, are prevented. This research has utilized the capability of BIM to perform rapid compliance simulations with Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) requirements without the need for manual calculations and/or computer simulations in other software, which would increase the time required for analysis due to additional modeling requirements. The methodology is demonstrated using the automation of the Daylighting section of the issue Hea01 Visual Comfort from the Technical Manual SD225 1.4 − BREEAM International Non-Domestic Refurbishment 2015, and the validation was performed on a BIM model of an existing building belonging to the educational sector. The application of the described methodology in the case study reduced the time required for assessing the number of achieved daylighting credits by 40%, with potential savings extending up to 80% depending on the chosen criteria for analysis. The tool is designed to be applicable to other GBCS, building types, and newly designed buildings as well.

Sustainability assessment frameworks for delivering Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) targets: A case of Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) UK New Construction

AbstractDue to the potential role of the construction industry in addressing the global challenge of climate change, stakeholders are beginning to develop the environmental, social and governance (ESG) framework. Prior to this, several assessment frameworks such as the building research establishment environmental assessment methods (BREEAM), LEED, and Green Star Certification amongst others have evolved to evaluate a development against an array of sustainability indicators. Through document analysis, this paper explores the extent sustainability assessment frameworks can help UK construction companies demonstrate their commitment to ESG targets. Findings show that although the BREEAM assessment framework captured environmental and social aspects to some extent, there appears to be much desired in its consideration for governance issues. Subsequent versions of the assessment frameworks should attempt to include some of these credits that are not currently included in the framework to guarantee stakeholders that the uptake of the framework in the decision‐making process would help to deliver ESG targets.

Energy saving and Green building Certification: Case study of commercial buildings in Warsaw, Poland

Different certification systems are used in the construction market. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) or Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) certification consists of many factors and criteria that have been developed by specialists from such as construction, architecture, ecology, energy, water, renewable energy management, and waste management. Both are criteria-based tools and are becoming increasingly popular in the global construction industry. The LEED provides building owners and managers with tools to identify and implement appropriate solutions for the ecological design, construction, and operation of buildings. BREEAM involves an assessment of the quality and direct impact of buildings on the natural environment. This paper presents a study of retail buildings: (i) Galeria Północna, (ii) Złote Tarasy, and (iii) Westfield Arkadia, located in Warsaw (Poland) certified using a multi-criteria rating system. All buildings were rated highly by the rating system. In this paper, the cases in terms of certification and issues related to the design and construction of these buildings are analyzed and discussed in detail. It was confirmed that the multi-criteria certification systems used made it possible to meet certification requirements while respecting the natural environment.

APPLICATION OF BIM TECHNOLOGY IN BREEAM CERTIFICATION

Energy consumption is widely studied in the world together with the topic of how to reduce the use of resources during the entire life cycle of the building – energy consumption is related to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air. BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) is the world’s most widespread real estate impact assessment method and certification standard. In BREEAM certification the evaluation of health and quality of life in buildings, construction materials, innovation, economic and social responsibility, energy, water management, ecology, and pollution must be done. For collection of the precise data the Building Information Modelling (BIM) was used as a tool. BIM is increasingly used in the world not only for design but also for the entire life cycle management of the building. The BIM application ensures efficient use of resources and smoother construction management. This article explores the application of BIM technologies in BREEAM certification, identifying potential benefits and limitations.

Sustainable Design Protocol in BIM Environments: Case Study of 3D Virtual Models of a Building in Seville (Spain) Based on BREEAM Method

One of the key problems facing the construction industry concerns the requirement to integrate sustainability criteria that effectively reduce the environmental impact throughout the lifecycles of buildings. For this, it is necessary to use digital tools with the capacity to evaluate the environmental performance of the different solutions proposed through the design process. In this context, the objective of this study was to establish a protocol of sustainable standards defined by the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), employing building information modeling (BIM) technology to simplify the integration of these indicators in the initial phases of the design process. This study focuses on a case study associated with the use of BIM technology and the BREEAM method. The results of the analysis enable us to define which of the BREEAM indicators can be integrated into and evaluated in BIM environments in the initial phase of the design process and to identify the environmental improvements and economic costs associated with these indicators. This study concludes that the indicators associated with the geometric and spatial definition of the building are the most influential in improving sustainability in the initial design phase, without requiring significant economic investment. In turn, these are easy parameters to evaluate using BIM, reducing design times compared to the use of traditional tools; this facilitates their involvement in the design phase and enables them to have a real impact on improving the environmental conditions of the final construction.

Study on Certification Criteria of Building Energy and Environmental Performance in the Context of Achieving Climate Neutrality

Increased greenhouse gas emissions have led to a global warming threat. As a result, countries have tended to focus their decision-making attention on energy-saving strategies. Specifically, the concept of green building has been developed for the construction sector. It aims to create energy-efficient structural activities (new constructions, repairs, or renovated constructions) that will be carried out in line with the determined criteria. With the concept of green building and the need to establish criteria and standards to ensure energy efficiency, green building certification systems have come to the fore. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) certification systems have been developed. This article investigates the achievements of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category of LEED-certified projects in Türkiye and Europe. A comparison study of countries was carried out, based on the fourth version of the LEED BD+C framework that was developed for new green building projects. The study’s primary goal is to show the linear correlation between market value and IEQ. It was revealed that the gross domestic product does not affect IEQ applications. Although Türkiye was ranked first in applying for IEQ credits, its economic development level is lower than that of other European countries.

Projektowanie zrównoważone w aspekcie zastosowania materiałów proekologicznych

The paper presents the problem of sustainable design in terms of multi-criteria evaluation methods focusing on the selection and use of building materials in the design. Based on the guidelines and procedures of such assessment methods as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), and others, environmentally friendly building materials were selected for the design of specific building structures was made. For the construction of low-rise single-family homes, products made from waste were used. For the construction of a multipurpose, highrise building, the material chosen was cross-laminated timber (CLT), which is characterized by good environmental performance. The design of a multipurpose urban complex used environmentally friendly concrete, the manufacturing process of which has a dramatically reduced carbon footprint. An analysis of the properties of the building materials, their selection in terms of sustainability, and their use in designs provide tangible benefits in terms of the quality of formation of the built environment.

Low-Carbon Retrofitting Path of Existing Public Buildings: A Comparative Study Based on Green Building Rating Systems

Existing building carbon emissions contribute to global climate change significantly. Various Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) have considered low-carbon requirements to regulate the emissions. Low-carbon retrofitting is an important way to reduce existing building CO2 emissions. However, low-carbon retrofitting of existing public buildings is not sufficient and systematic, and there is a lack of research on low-carbon retrofitting from the perspective of GBRS. The purpose of this study is to propose a carbon emission control framework for existing public buildings based on GBRS analysis and guide the low-carbon retrofitting. This study makes comparisons among the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Green Mark (GM), and Assessment Standard for Green Retrofitting of Existing Buildings (ASGREB). A low-carbon retrofit pathway for existing public buildings is proposed from the GBRS research for the first time, encompassing six aspects: materials, energy, management, innovation, site, and water, involving 15 measures. Among them, measures on energy and materials are the main considerations, with weights of 18.3% and 17.7%, respectively. Six recommendations for implementation pathways are also given. Furthermore, the necessary measures, the importance of local context and quantification, priorities of materials, and energy scopes are defined.

THE POST-OCCUPANCY DILEMMA IN GREEN-RATED BUILDINGS: A PERFORMANCE GAP ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT The traditional construction industry has a significant and far-reaching impact on the environment, economy, and society. Green-certified buildings, with LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), DGNB (Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen), or other certifications during the design stage, have great potential for increasing the effective use of resources and energy, reducing pollution, etc., and so their number has increased greatly in recent years. The post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of green buildings involves assessing whether they meet expected performance during the in-use phase and comprises four steps: (i) carrying out the research purpose/goal; (ii) determining the research objectives; (iii) conducting data collection, analysis, and visualization; and (iv) obtaining the results and drawing conclusions. However, there is a lack of reviews of POE research and analysis of reasons for actual performance gaps. In response and through a comprehensive literature review/analysis, this article summarizes the actual performance gaps of various greencertified projects, analyzes the reasons for failures, and proposes potential solutions. It is found that 74%, 12%, and 14% of the projects perform better, similar, and worse, respectively, than their non-green counterparts. Future POE green building projects can be optimized from the perspective of the building, user, and POE system. To optimize green building actual performance, it is important to ensure the sufficient education of installation and maintenance personnel and occupants’ green behavior, while interior design and decoration, the impact of user demographics, and POE performance indicators are key factors to be considered in green building design strategies and lifecycle evaluation systems.

Green Airport building certification comparison: a practical approach for Airport Management

ABSTRACT In this study, six certificates have proposed and three of them used by airport terminal building to analyze, measure, and score environmental damage were compared. Certifications handled in the study are LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment for Building Environmental Efficiency), SBTool (Sustainable Building Tool), ACA (Airport Carbon Accreditation) and Green Airport and Green Company certificates. As a result, this research gathered the most widely used certificates in the literature. In addition, the Green Airport and Green Company certificate, the first green airport certificate in Turkiye, was added to the study for comparison, which has been offered just for airports. Hong Kong International Airport’s sustainability report was examined to determine how many points it would have received if it had applied for the most widely used LEED, BREEAM, and Green Airport and Green Company Certificates regarding the reported activities. The results have shown that the energy and atmosphere category is vital for all certification systems. Also, the study reveals that LEED gets 89.09 over 100 points, BREEAM 93.1 over 100 points, and Green Airport 75 over 100 points which display BREEAM to get a higher environmental response. This study aims to guide green building practices to decision-makers, which has become necessary in many countries. Employees and managers want to know the quality and quantity of sustainable tasks or planning at airports.

Building A Comprehensive Conceptual Framework for Material Selection in Terms of Sustainability in The Construction Preliminary Design Phase

Construction projects consume a massive amount of renewable and non-renewable resources and negatively affect sustainable development. The selection of materials is necessary to meet the demands of sustainability. The preliminary design phase is essential within construction project phases because the main requirements, budget, and master drawings are planned here. Also, the selection of primary materials is considered in this phase. However, the integration of material selection and sustainability in the preliminary design phase has been underestimated. This paper reviewed sustainability in the preliminary design phase and the importance of material selection in accordance with sustainability in this phase. By using current literature and tools like Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), the paper establishes a conceptual framework including sub-aspects that relate to sustainable aspects (economy, environment, and society). The proposed sub-aspects, such as total cost, cost efficiency, budget management, and water efficiency, define the relevant activities that help select the most sustainable materials. The results can be applied as a guide to decision-makers and promote sustainability right from the preliminary design phase. Future studies may provide methods for each criterion and establish a detailed plan to apply this framework in practice.

How the Implementation of BREEAM in Hotels Could Help to Achieve the SDGs

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was approved in 2015 by the United Nations. It is a call of action to protect our planet, end poverty and improve the lives and prospects of all. Sustainable development has been fundamental in the tourism and construction sectors in the past few decades. Nowadays, developing countries are leaders in green engineering procedures, and progressively, hotels are including sustainable standards in their designs, architecture and management. In places where tourism is the main contributor to the Gross Domestic Product, the incorporation of energy certifications is crucial. In this context, this article explores the positive implications of the application of the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) on hotels in relation to the achievement of SDGs. The study analyses the influence of BREEAM on hotel design using six case studies and examines the sustainable modifications incorporated. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and by the analysis of the documentation provided. The results revealed that a BREEAM approach in the initial stage of a project will optimize the sustainability of the hotel and can help with the achievement of several of the SDGs.

Low-Carbon Design Path of Building Integrated Photovoltaics: A Comparative Study Based on Green Building Rating Systems

CO2 emissions of buildings have a critical impact on the global climate change, and various green building rating systems (GBRS) have suggested low-carbon requirements to regulate building emissions. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), as an integrated technology of photovoltaics and buildings, is an important way to reduce building CO2 emissions. At present, the low-carbon design path of BIPV from architecture is still not unified and clear, and there is a lack of BIPV research regarding GBRS or from the perspective of architectural design in China. The objective of this study is to propose a framework of indicators related to carbon emission control in BIPV, guiding the path of BIPV low-carbon design. This study makes comparisons among the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), and Assessment Standard for Green Buildings (ASGB), mainly in terms of the scope weight, induction, and measure features. The BIPV low-carbon design involves energy, materials, environmental adaptability, management, and innovation, in which energy and materials are the main scopes with weights of 10.98% and 7.46%, respectively. The five scopes included 17 measures. Following the measures, the path of the BIPV low-carbon design was defined with six aspects.

Assessment of Tools for Sustainability Appraisal of Buildings/Building Groups

The construction sector is one of the significant users of energy and natural resources. It was estimated that the sector uses nearly 40% of the total raw-material inflow to the global economy each year. Based on this fact, the construction sector is an essential contributor to environmental pollution and poses challenges in meeting sustainable development goals. This paper discusses the building assessment tools or models used to assess whether a building meets environmental standards with the view to explore the applications of these tools and their benefits. The paper notes that the environmental assessment models and the assessment itself are worthwhile as it offers several benefits to the society and environment, especially the first among them, the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) in the UK. The BREEAM model has created awareness among the stakeholders and has achieved high levels of success. Over 1000 buildings have been assessed in the UK and over 1800 individuals involved as assessors. Thus, it creates jobs in addition to protecting the environment. Mitigation measures are integrated into the certification. It is cost-effective, especially in the long run and more environmentally friendly, unlike the conventional ones. Moreover, efforts should be geared towards harmonising the rating scales and standards across continents or climate regions.

A Narrative Literature Review: What Is the Ideal Density for Environmentally Sustainable Urban Growth?

Urban growth in the form of sprawl became a global planning problem in the 20th century. High urbanization rates in combination with low-density zoning regulations put additional pressure on growing cities. Sprawl continues to generate negative social, environmental, and economic impacts. The results of 20 studies presented in this narrative review, which observe the change in urban form over time, indicate that the current urban growth form is sprawl. Compact urban form is considered a sustainable form of urban growth in the literature. The results of 10 studies on the correlation between the urban form and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions show that densification without provision of adequate access to public transportation will induce more traffic, congestion, and associated CO2 emissions. The ideal density is subject to adequate access to public transportation—that is, mass transit-supportive density. Environmentally sustainable densities cannot deliver detached housing as a housing mode in many countries. International agreements on CO2 emissions should be translated and implemented at the metropolitan and municipal levels of governance via tools that have statutory powers. Statutory instruments such as planning schemes, building codes, and planning and environmental acts incorporating precinct-sustainable assessment systems (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE, and Green Star) provide the opportunity to endorse sustainable density objectives.

SEM-PLS Approach to Green Building

Green buildings refer to buildings that decrease adverse environmental effects and maintain natural resources. They can diminish energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, the usage of non-renewable materials, water consumption, and waste generation while improving occupants’ health and well-being. As such, several rating tools and benchmarks have been developed worldwide to assess green building performance (GBP), including the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) in the United Kingdom, German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in the United States and Canada, Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) in Japan, Green Star in Australia, Green Mark in Singapore, and Green Building Index in Malaysia. Energy management (EM) during building operation could also improve GBP. One of the best approaches to evaluating the impact of EM on GBP is by using structural equation modelling (SEM). SEM is a commanding statistical method to model testing. One of the most used SEM variance-based approaches is partial least squares (PLS), which can be implemented in the SmartPLS application. PLS-SEM uses path coefficients to determine the strength and significance of the hypothesised relationships between the latent constructs.

Global building environmental performance assessment systems and their role in environmental conservation: Developing an environmental performance assessment system for the Saudi environment

This paper discusses the principles of environmental performance for buildings and their direct effects on the depletion of environmental resources. The research is significant in proposing ways of reducing resource depletion and improving utilization by developing systems to assess buildings’ environmental performance and their feasibility for environmental, sustainable, and conservation development. The paper introduces an assessment system that can measure the environmental performance of buildings aiming to make them more efficient and address their impact. It starts with the theoretical approach, focusing on two areas. The first discusses the concept of the environment, defining its terms, identifying the environmental components and problems encountered and discussing the extent of the effect on the quality of human life. The second discusses buildings’ environmental performance, specifically their responsiveness and adaptation to the environment, studying the elements that influence the quality of buildings and their suitability given environmental and climatic conditions. The empirical analysis then examines and compares global environmental performance assessment systems—Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), and the Pearl Rating System (PRS)—and usage methodology. The paper concludes by proposing a new environmental assessment system adapted to the study area to assess buildings, thus making a contribution to knowledge.

Developing a system for assessing the sustainability in school building projects

In recent times, the concept of sustainability has become a focus of attention for many institutions and communities. The reason for the spread of this concept and great interest is the pursuit of sustainable development of societies which aims at balancing the three factors: environmental, economic, and social. This paper aims to develop a system to implement sustainability ideas in school building projects based on the international guidelines and practices for sustainability. For example, (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)-Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-The Pearl Building Rating System (PBRS)) and the current practices in Iraq. The purpose of the collected and reported information was for making decisions during various stages of preconstruction, construction, and post-construction. The system employed suitable criteria, subcriteria, and standard weights for school buildings assessment, which was set according to a field survey. The survey included interviewing a group of specialists in school buildings and conducting a closed questionnaire. A computer program was prepared to assess school buildings in the 3rd General Directorate of Education in Baghdad-Karkh. These buildings were executed during (2008–2018). The School buildings were classified into four types (traditional, precast concrete units, steel structures, and structural concrete construction). The field survey has shown that the highest standard of sustainability is the environmental design (20.79), and the lowest sustainability criteria are water treatment system (5.81). However, the study aims to develop a sustainability assessment system for school buildings. A comparison was made between the current buildings with ones that having ideal sustainability criteria. Similarly, a monitoring was done with the perfect situation to observe the deviation within the project progress. Finally, recommendations were given for the purpose of employing the sustainability concepts in school buildings.