Buildings In India Research Articles

A Normative Framework for Assessment and Retrofit of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings in India

A Normative Framework for Assessment and Retrofit of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings in India

IR Thermography for the Restoration of Colonial Architecture in India—Case study of the British Residency in Hyderabad, Telangana

Abstract Infrared Thermography (IRT) has been a non-destructive and economical method for identifying potential problems in buildings. Passive thermography tracks the thermal patterns in structures caused due to exposure to solar radiation. Interpretation of results for the Passive approach is highly dependent on understanding of the surrounding environmental conditions of the building being surveyed. However, existing literature and scientific research on the subject focuses on buildings in Europe and Northern America. These conditions have not yet been established for the Indian Sub-Continent as there have been no studies that identify the methodologies for this yet. There have been a few studies on the use of IRT for heritage buildings in India. Nevertheless, they do not explain the environmental conditions during the thermal survey, which might affect the interpretation of the thermal images produced. This project aims to elucidate more about the way IRT works in conditions that are sometimes less than optimal, through the case study of the Former British Residency in Hyderabad.

Economic analysis of 26 kW solar powered system for a commercial building in India

The renewable energy resources have developed as an alternative source of energy. The world energy need is ever increasing. Besides there are environment consequences with the use of fossil fuel driven energy resources as they contribute to the increased carbon emissions. The recent development in solar PV systems is a boon for meeting the energy needs especially in metro cities. Solar energy is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy and its environment friendly nature gives it an edge over the other renewable sources of energy. This has accelerated the installation of grid connected solar PV system in order to satisfy the load demand. A 26 kW grid connected solar PV system is installed at Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India which is a part of making the university to become self-sustainable. The objective of this study is to do the economic analysis of a 26 kW solar photo voltaic system and also to show the economic comparison between the grid-connected solar PV system and a standalone solar PV system.

Issues concerning IoT adoption for energy and comfort management in intelligent buildings in India

ABSTRACT User-centric, localized energy and comfort management solutions that are essential in commercial buildings are realized by IoT enabled building management systems, involving networked sensors and artificial intelligence-based data processing. This paper employs the Delphi method to identify the major issues concerning IoT adoption in India and examines these across the value chain, specific to energy and comfort management in intelligent buildings. The Delphi exercise involved 3 expert-panels, consisting of a total of 24 subject matter experts representing all important stakeholders across the intelligent building value chain. A total of 140 issues have been identified, grouped across 8 themes, and ranked, leading to the development of an ‘IoT adoption index’. A subset of the issues has been identified using two inputs from the literature, viz., key performance indicators of intelligent buildings and the business model canvas. The results can be practically used by the stakeholders while evaluating IoT systems for deployment in their projects. Further, the results should be useful in the context of intelligent buildings also in other emerging economies having similar climatic conditions.

Sustainable development by constructing green buildings in India: A review

The worldwide thought of sustainable development in the development business is to keep away from the exhaustion of regular assets and create biological parity for the present and people in the future. There emerges a significant worry to improve the pointers of Sustainable Construction (SC) regarding Social, Economical, Environmental, Political Institutional perspectives. Because of quick urbanization, the utilization of assets has expanded tremendously prompting the outflows of Greenhouse gasses (GHG) in the air. Predominantly, the development business is the major worldwide exploiter of normal assets. So as to lessen the carbon impression, it is significant to think about the typified vitality of the material before use. Consequently, there exists a striking extension for the creating nations for actualizing the feasible standards. In this way, it is critical to discover the strategies, procedures and choices for improving the supportable idea in the urban biological system. As a piece of the exploration, this survey paper endeavors to unite the ebb and flow considerations of accessible examination in the writing and gives the degree of potential outcomes of creating, actualizing and fusing manageability in the development business.

Develop the climatic condition ratio for typical building in India

Diverse climatic condition influences building performance. It results in varying levels of energy utilization and Carbon dioxide emission. The building’s energy performance will also fluctuate based on climatic conditions. Thus comparing buildings in a range of climatic zones will lead to unjustified outcomes. It is of utmost importance to know what range the climatic conditions can impact a building’s energy performance. To improve the precision of building assessment rating tools, the climatic condition ratio is developed for various climatic regions of India by performing energy simulation on the typical building.

A REVIEW ON COOLING ROOF TILE MATERIALS

In Indian buildings concrete roof tiles are mostly used. Commonly in traditional rural residential buildings. The cooling roof tile technology provides less heat absorbs and sunlight reflecting comparing to standard roof tile. Just providing light color can reduce the heat gain in hot climate, same principal is used in cooling roof tile material. Considering the essential function of roofing features in building energy efficiency and interior thermal quality conditions, novel approaches to enhance the thermal energy output of this diffused roofing feature have become a main development issue. In this opinion, cool roofing technologies are an important approach to this goal. The current research deals with the Review of revolutionary materials or coatings for conventional roof tiles, with the goal of growing their cooling capacity.

Seismic assessment of existing gravity load-designed RC framed building: a case study from Warangal, India

Most of the existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in India are either designed before the existence of seismic design codes or without proper provisions to resist lateral loads. These structures generally possess low strength and limited ductility, thereby always prone to global failure and are a primary reason for causalities during an earthquake. Hence, seismic evaluation of these structures and strengthening, if necessary, is essential to prevent a disaster during its serviceable lifetime. In this investigation, a four-storied (G+3) RC building structure in Warangal city, Telangana State, India, has been selected as a case study. Furthermore, the structure is to be extended vertically by two stories above the existing configuration. The structural and material inputs to the analytical model are updated from visual inspection and nondestructive tests, followed by an analytical study. From the analytical study, the seismic capacity of the existing gravity load-designed structure itself is found to be inadequate for seismic requirements. Since the structure is to be extended vertically, the existing building needs to be strengthened appropriately to withstand additional loads and remain functional throughout its lifetime. The outcome of the seismic analysis is checked for conformity using demand and capacity requirement of the structural components of the six-storied (G+5) structure. This behavior mimics the current scenario of existing RC buildings in this locality, which needs to be appropriately strengthened. It has been observed from the analysis that the RC building was vulnerable to the seismic forces and needed retrofitting to remain functional during its service life.

A Review on Base Shear Reduction by using same Grade of Concrete by Optimizing Size of Column Member

India is the fastest growing economy in the world and infrastructure plays a very important role in it. The Construction of high rise buildings in India is growing day by day. Therefore new ideas and venture are needed to make the building safe, economic and durable. The base shear reduction by using Optimum Size of column in Top Floors in Multistoried Building under seismic loading is the one of them. It reduces the size of column at the top levels of the building to reduce its self-weight.

Quantification of thermal environments and comfort expectations of residents in hostel dormitories during hot and humid days in Indian composite climate

ABSTRACT Improved quality of the thermal environment in hostel buildings will have a constructive role in the health, learning and overall productivity of student’s activities. We, therefore, conducted a thermal comfort field study in two mid-rise naturally ventilated (NV) hostel buildings during rainy days (August–September, 2018). The field study conducted for three consecutive weeks collecting 642 valid subjective responses (out of 679 sample) with objective information of thermal environments in 253 rooms at different floor levels. Statistical analysis of measured thermal variables was performed for assessing the effects on student’s thermal perception considering inter buildings effects, different weather conditions and different daytime duration, respectively. The study reported higher comfort bandwidth of 25.2–33.3°C for the studied group. Results of present study are compared with Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Mean Vote with expectancy factor (PMVe) and adaptive Predicted Mean Vote (aPMV). aPMV is observed to be more reliable than PMV and PMVe to estimate the actual thermal sensation of occupants. Further, field study results are showing good agreement with the adaptive comfort models for NV buildings in India. Highlights Study quantifies thermal environments of two multi-storey NV hostel buildings. About 76% responses voted comfortable (±1 TS scale). Comfort bandwidth for occupant's ranges between 25.2–33.3°C for the study period. aPMV model of thermal comfort predicts TS more closely than PMV or PMVe model. Indian composite climate-specific adaptive models fit better with present data base.

Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India—A Review

The photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most promising technologies that generate benevolent electricity. Therefore, fossil fuel-generated electric power plants, that emit an enormous amount of greenhouse gases, can be replaced by the PV power plant. However, due to its lower efficiency than a traditional power plant, and to generate equal amount of power, a large land area is required for the PV power plant. Also, transmission and distribution losses are intricate issues for PV power plants. Therefore, the inclusion of PV into a building is one of the holistic approaches which reduce the necessity for such large land areas. Building-integrated and building attached/applied are the two types where PV can be included in the building. Building applied/attached PV(BAPV) indicates that the PV system is added/attached or applied to a building, whereas, building integrated PV (BIPV) illustrates the concept of replacing the traditional building envelop, such as window, wall, roof by PV. In India, applying PV on a building is growing due to India’s solar mission target for 2022. In 2015, through Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, India targeted to achieve 100 GW PV power of which 40 GW will be acquired from roof-integrated PV by 2022. By the end of December 2019, India achieved 33.7 GW total installed PV power. Also, green/zero energy/and sustainable buildings are gaining significance in India due to rapid urbanization. However, BIPV system is rarely used in India which is likely due to a lack of government support and public awareness. This work reviewed the status of BIPV/BAPV system in India. The BIPV window system can probably be the suitable BIPV product for Indian context to reduce the building’s HVAC load.

Installation and Implementation of Energy Management Sytem in the Residential Buildings for Sustainable Development

This paper presents the details of the installation of the energy management system in the buildings of a typical Residential Building Residential Building in India and consequently the reduction of electrical energy consumption. Increasing People intake, the introduction of new courses, research centers and laboratories, and the rapid expansion of Residential Building infrastructure, are rapidly increasing the demand for electricity in universities. Most of the electrical energy consumed in universities in India is for air conditioning and lighting purposes. Established Building Energy Management System (BMS) continuously monitors the electrical load demand of air handling units (AHUs) and room lighting in buildings and reduces the load demand by fitting the AHU thermostats based on the work schedule. One day and on / off control of occupancy based on occupancy in different rooms from remote server rooms via Ethernet. Preliminary findings suggest that a significant reduction in load demand can be achieved in any Residential Building in India through the implementation of BMS, thereby contributing to the reduction of domestic oil consumption. If most universities in the country installed BMS on their Residential Buildinges, it would be possible for electric utilities to use real-time meter data, technology-enabled dynamic pricing, and decisive direct load control for fuel management. There are Residential Buildinges. This paper also highlights the future trend in BMS implementation in universities, as the Residential Building's DSM has a secure Residential Building area network that can effectively use demand response when enabled by high-bandwidth, two-way, end-to-end. Can. Communication in a smart grid environment.

Thermodynamic and Economic Contrast of an Ionic Solution Operated Solar Absorption Cooling System with LiBr+H2O Pair for a Business Building in India

Thermodynamic and Economic Contrast of an Ionic Solution Operated Solar Absorption Cooling System with LiBr+H₂O Pair for a Business Building in India

Optimization based feasibility analysis for Energy Conservation Building Code compliance of opaque wall assemblies in different climatic zones of India

Thermal performance of building envelopes is the determinant factor of building energy consumption. The total built up area of commercial buildings in India is expected to touch 1.9 Billion Sq. m. by 2030 from the 2015 figure of 847 Million Sq. m., a growth of three times. According to Central Electricity Authority of India the projected energy consumption load for 2030 is five times that of the current load in the region. Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) for commercial buildings was first launched in 2007 towards establishing new benchmarks for energy efficient buildings in India. There has been inadequate implementation of ECBC in the country and the success of these codes, policies and regulations depends on the market response to be self-sustaining in the long term. This research uses the evolutionary optimization model for the feasibility analysis of ECBC and incremental ECBC code compliance, in various climatic zones of India towards wider acceptability by the building industry with respect to the thermal transmittance of opaque wall assemblies in building envelope for different typologies of commercial buildings using the available materials in the Indian context / market.

Examination of The Impact of Smart Grid Technologies For Energy Saving Potential on Residential Buildings In India

India, a developing country has targeted 9% growth rate, its yearly power generation has increased to 6.5% per year from 2011 to 2017. It is due to the fast urbanization and increase in building occupied area. However, India is experiencing energy scarcity nowadays. The power generation can’t able to satisfy the demand to withstand its growth rate in future. Therefore, this study investigates some technologies for connecting residential buildings to the Smart Grid, to minimize electricity consumption. It can be achieved by optimizing consumer’s devices through interface with Home Area Networks (HANs), Smart Grid-connected home machines diagnostics, and enhanced capability to aim and adopt energy efficiency agendas. These tactics create impacts on energy conservation that influencing the initial investment on new generation.

Thermodynamic and Economic Contrast of an Ionic Solution Operated Solar Absorption Cooling System with LiBr+H2O Pair for a Business Building in India

The current study assesses the thermo-economic performance of a H2O[Formula: see text][EMIM][DMP] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate) working fluid-based absorption machine coupled with various solar collectors to cater the cooling load to business building at Gandhinagar city, India. H2O[Formula: see text][EMIM][DMP] could be an alternative to conventional LiBr[Formula: see text]H2O working fluid pair of absorption machines as it can operate without problem of crystallization which is perquisite for the continuous operation of the system. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the proposed system with 10[Formula: see text]kW cooling capacity at 5∘C. The sensitivity assessment is carried out to find the effect of various parameters including heat source temperature on the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency for each collector case. The optimum SCOP of parabolic trough collector (PTC)-based system is 11.43% higher compared to ETC-based system, whereas the ETC-based system is 25.10% economical than the PTC-based system. Furthermore, payback period for ETC-based system is only one month higher than FPC-based system, which altogether exhibits the superiority of ETC-coupled H2O[Formula: see text][EMIM][DMP] absorption refrigeration system over FPC-based system.

Ocean Technology Capacity Building in India

Ocean Technology Capacity Building in India

Envelop Insulation for Energy Efficient Smart Buildings in India

The building sector is amongst the largest energy consuming sector across the world. Within the building sector, about 75 percent of the total energy is consumed by the residential buildings. The energy sector is directly and indirectly associated with greenhouse gas emissions, since majority of energy sector is dependent on fossil fuels, which are primary source of emanation. Building energy requirements are comprised of need for lighting, air conditioning and other home appliances operations. Air conditioning requirement is derived from the climatic condition in which a building exists. The building components such as walls, roof and windows are exposed to solar radiation and outside air temperature. Heat is conducted from exterior environment into the interior of the building envelop through these channels, wherein majority (approx. 60%) is conducted by walls and roof. Envelop insulation is considered as an efficient retrofitting measure to reduce heat gain from walls and roof, thereby need of air conditioning to remove that heat. In this work, envelop insulation has been designed for the Indian residential buildings existing in the three climate zones of India, i.e. warm-humid, hot-dry and composite climate zones. Electricity saving potential in an insulated envelop and associated life cycle cost saving analysis is carried out considering the application of four commercial insulation materials namely, expanded polystyrene, fiberglass, polyurethane foam and extruded polystyrene. It was concluded that at the design temperature 25˚C, annual electricity saving potential in retrofitted wall per unit area varies from 9 kWh to 16 kWh, whereas in case of roof it varies from 18 kWh to 28 kWh per unit area per year. Fiberglass is observed as the most cost effective insulation material, considering life cycle performance of the insulation material for all the climate zones.

Energy saving potential of tubular light pipe system with different colors on internal surfaces

PurposeLighting in building sectors (consumes the highest energy in commercial buildings and the second highest in residential buildings in India) has very much potential for energy conservation in buildings. With the use of daylighting system, energy consumption in lighting can be lowered up to 30 to 40 per cent.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental effort has been made in this paper to explore the internal wall coloring effect on the performance of tubular light pipe. Trace-pro software has been used and validated. With the help of this software, light pipe has been designed and simulated in a ray tracing mode. Assessment of four globally used prediction models has also been conducted to compare the performances in different seasons for light pipes in the composite climate of New Delhi.FindingsIt has been conducted based on three statistical indicators as mean bias error, root mean square error and R2. Using regression, an empirical model for average internal illuminance has been developed as a function of light reflectance value (LRV) and solar altitude angle. Trace-pro results confirmed that maximum internal illuminance can be obtained with wall surfaces coated with high LRV color. Finally, by using of a single light pipe system for a test room with the artificial lighting system and applying continuous dimming control, the amount of electrical energy has been saved up to 38.5 per cent per year.Originality/valueAfter going through the literature, it has been identified that there has been no paper published which explores the effect of colors of the internal walls on the performance of the light pipe. Along with this, the comparison between existing empirical performance models and find out which model gives the best result in different seasons has been carried out for New Delhi, India.

Effect of sustainable building material substitutes with regard to earthquake safety

Due to the speed-up in processes of urbanization in developing countries large quantities of building materials are needed to construct the built environment. Mining activities to produce building materials lead to land-use conflicts, which negatively affect food security and degrade the environment, while consuming a large amount of energy. This leads us to an increasing recognition that resource efficient alternatives in building construction must be explored. However, fast growing cities in Countries like India are also frequently located in earthquake prone areas. Therefore, earthquake safety must always be taken into account when considering reduction of building material consumption. Simultaneously, thermal power stations produce a large volume of fly ash waste, which could be used to produce sustainable building materials as substitutes. Studies on the impact of building material substitution on reachable quantities of saved resources taking technical issues regarding the safety buildings into account are currently lacking. The contribution introduces a first case study on building material substitutes in different Indian buildings, comparing the bill of materials arising from the commonly built structure with ordinary brick masonry and potential material substitutes. The results show, that the use of alternate materials may results in a considerable amount of reduction in material.